基片集成波导在几种微波无源器件及天线中的应用研究
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摘要
基片集成波导作为一种新型的导波结构，通过在低损耗介质基片上的上下金属面间引入周期性金属化通孔来实现矩形波导的性能，它具有高品质因数、低剖面、低成本和易于平面集成等优点。本文围绕基片集成波导滤波器、基片集成波导功分器和基片集成波导天线及其直线阵列展开研究。作者的主要研究工作和成果可以概括为：
1.小型化基片集成波导双模滤波器研究。研究了一系列槽线结构：交叉槽线结构、带T形枝节的交叉槽线结构和带H形枝节的交叉槽线结构对基片集成波导双模滤波器小型化效果的影响。交叉槽线结构、带T形枝节的交叉槽线结构和带H形枝节的交叉槽线结构能够将基片集成波导双模滤波器的有效面积缩小22.15%、30.56%和56.25%。实验结果表明，通过增大有效长度，上述三种带槽线结构的基片集成波导双模滤波器能够实现尺寸的缩减，并且具有两个可控的传输零点。
2.基于缺陷地面结构的基片集成波导宽带滤波器研究。首先，利用基片集成波导的高通滤波特性和双U形层叠缺陷地面结构的低通滤波特性，设计了具有宽带特性的带通滤波器；其次，利用半模基片集成波导的小型化特性，设计出具有紧凑结构的超宽带滤波器，该滤波器由半模基片集成波导和交叉指形缺陷地面结构构成；最后，通过在超宽带滤波器中引入具有高品质因数的折叠U形缺陷地面结构设计了具有阻带抑制特性的超宽带滤波器。
3.基片集成波导不等分功分器研究。首先研究了基于微带结构的双频不等分功分器，虽然实现了较高的功分比，但设计过程比较复杂。随后研究了常用的T形，Y形基片集成波导和Wilkinson型半模基片集成波导等分功分器，并设计了相应的不等分功分器，说明了基片集成波导结构在实现不等分功分器时简单易行，只需构成一个不对称结构，即可将基片集成波导中的电磁能量按一定比例不等分地输出到端口。
4.基片集成波导背腔天线和滤波天线以及八元直线阵列研究。首先，设计了一款基于基片集成波导结构的双模双频背腔天线；随后，设计了具有两个窄阻带带阻滤波特性的超宽带滤波天线，并通过其阻抗特性给出等效电路模型；最后，通过将滤波器和天线一体化设计，设计了基于基片集成波导的滤波天线，实现了其小型化，又设计了八元基片集成波导滤波天线直线阵列，并结合馈电网络实际加工了阵列的实物。
As a novel guide wave structure, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is asynthetic rectangular waveguide formed by the top and bottom metal plates of a lowloss tangent dielectric slab and two sidewalls of period metallic via-holes. It hasadvantages such as high Q factor, low profile, low cost and easily being integrated onplanar circuits. This dissertation is mainly concerned with the design of various SIWfilters and SIW power dividers, as well as the implementation of SIW antennas andarrays. The author’s major contributions are outlined as follows:
1. Miniaturized dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide filters have beenstudied. The impact of a series of cross-slot structures, such as cross-slot structure,T-shaped loaded cross-slot structure and H-shaped loaded cross-slot structure ondual-mode SIW filter is studied. Cross-slot structure, T-shaped loaded cross-slotstructure and H-shaped cross-slot structure has22.15%,30.56%and56.25%sizereduction compared with conventional dual-mode SIW filter. Measured results illustratethat the series of cross-slot structures are effective in size reduction for longer effectivelength while two controllable transmission zeros can be obtained.
2. Wideband filters which are composed of SIW and defected ground structures(DGS) have been studied. Firstly, by using high-pass characteristics of SIW andlow-pass characteristics of double-U shaped cascaded DGS, a wideband filter has beendeveloped. Secondly, by using size reduction of half-mode substrate integratedwaveguide (HMSIW), a compact UWB filter is implemented, which is composite ofHMSIW and interdigital DGS. Finally, by introducing high Q factor bended U-shapedDGS in UWB filter, a band-notched UWB filter has been developed.
3. SIW unequal power dividers have been studied. Firstly, a microstrip dual-bandunequal power divider was developed, which has relatively complicated designprocedure though high power split ratio. Commonly used T-shaped, Y-shaped SIW andWilkinson HMSIW power divider have been studied. Corresponding SIW unequalpower dividers have been designed at the same time. The series of unequal powerdividers demonstrated that SIW unequal power divider can be easily designed by anasymmetry structure, which distributes electromagnetic energy into different outputports with required ratio.
4. SIW cavity backed antenna, filter antenna and8-element linear array have beenstudied. Firstly, a novel dual-mode dual-band SIW cavity backed antenna has been designed. Then, UWB filter antenna with dual narrow band-notched characteristics hasbeen developed. Conceptual equivalent circuit models are given through the analysis ofinput impedance. Finally, compact SIW filter antenna has been presented throughintegrative design of filter and antenna. An8-element SIW filter antenna linear array hasbeen designed. The array prototype with the feeding network is constructed at the sametime.
1.小型化基片集成波导双模滤波器研究。研究了一系列槽线结构：交叉槽线结构、带T形枝节的交叉槽线结构和带H形枝节的交叉槽线结构对基片集成波导双模滤波器小型化效果的影响。交叉槽线结构、带T形枝节的交叉槽线结构和带H形枝节的交叉槽线结构能够将基片集成波导双模滤波器的有效面积缩小22.15%、30.56%和56.25%。实验结果表明，通过增大有效长度，上述三种带槽线结构的基片集成波导双模滤波器能够实现尺寸的缩减，并且具有两个可控的传输零点。
2.基于缺陷地面结构的基片集成波导宽带滤波器研究。首先，利用基片集成波导的高通滤波特性和双U形层叠缺陷地面结构的低通滤波特性，设计了具有宽带特性的带通滤波器；其次，利用半模基片集成波导的小型化特性，设计出具有紧凑结构的超宽带滤波器，该滤波器由半模基片集成波导和交叉指形缺陷地面结构构成；最后，通过在超宽带滤波器中引入具有高品质因数的折叠U形缺陷地面结构设计了具有阻带抑制特性的超宽带滤波器。
3.基片集成波导不等分功分器研究。首先研究了基于微带结构的双频不等分功分器，虽然实现了较高的功分比，但设计过程比较复杂。随后研究了常用的T形，Y形基片集成波导和Wilkinson型半模基片集成波导等分功分器，并设计了相应的不等分功分器，说明了基片集成波导结构在实现不等分功分器时简单易行，只需构成一个不对称结构，即可将基片集成波导中的电磁能量按一定比例不等分地输出到端口。
4.基片集成波导背腔天线和滤波天线以及八元直线阵列研究。首先，设计了一款基于基片集成波导结构的双模双频背腔天线；随后，设计了具有两个窄阻带带阻滤波特性的超宽带滤波天线，并通过其阻抗特性给出等效电路模型；最后，通过将滤波器和天线一体化设计，设计了基于基片集成波导的滤波天线，实现了其小型化，又设计了八元基片集成波导滤波天线直线阵列，并结合馈电网络实际加工了阵列的实物。
As a novel guide wave structure, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is asynthetic rectangular waveguide formed by the top and bottom metal plates of a lowloss tangent dielectric slab and two sidewalls of period metallic via-holes. It hasadvantages such as high Q factor, low profile, low cost and easily being integrated onplanar circuits. This dissertation is mainly concerned with the design of various SIWfilters and SIW power dividers, as well as the implementation of SIW antennas andarrays. The author’s major contributions are outlined as follows:
1. Miniaturized dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide filters have beenstudied. The impact of a series of cross-slot structures, such as cross-slot structure,T-shaped loaded cross-slot structure and H-shaped loaded cross-slot structure ondual-mode SIW filter is studied. Cross-slot structure, T-shaped loaded cross-slotstructure and H-shaped cross-slot structure has22.15%,30.56%and56.25%sizereduction compared with conventional dual-mode SIW filter. Measured results illustratethat the series of cross-slot structures are effective in size reduction for longer effectivelength while two controllable transmission zeros can be obtained.
2. Wideband filters which are composed of SIW and defected ground structures(DGS) have been studied. Firstly, by using high-pass characteristics of SIW andlow-pass characteristics of double-U shaped cascaded DGS, a wideband filter has beendeveloped. Secondly, by using size reduction of half-mode substrate integratedwaveguide (HMSIW), a compact UWB filter is implemented, which is composite ofHMSIW and interdigital DGS. Finally, by introducing high Q factor bended U-shapedDGS in UWB filter, a band-notched UWB filter has been developed.
3. SIW unequal power dividers have been studied. Firstly, a microstrip dual-bandunequal power divider was developed, which has relatively complicated designprocedure though high power split ratio. Commonly used T-shaped, Y-shaped SIW andWilkinson HMSIW power divider have been studied. Corresponding SIW unequalpower dividers have been designed at the same time. The series of unequal powerdividers demonstrated that SIW unequal power divider can be easily designed by anasymmetry structure, which distributes electromagnetic energy into different outputports with required ratio.
4. SIW cavity backed antenna, filter antenna and8-element linear array have beenstudied. Firstly, a novel dual-mode dual-band SIW cavity backed antenna has been designed. Then, UWB filter antenna with dual narrow band-notched characteristics hasbeen developed. Conceptual equivalent circuit models are given through the analysis ofinput impedance. Finally, compact SIW filter antenna has been presented throughintegrative design of filter and antenna. An8-element SIW filter antenna linear array hasbeen designed. The array prototype with the feeding network is constructed at the sametime.
引文
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