平面印刷天线分析与设计
|
摘要
在21世纪，电子技术和无线通信技术得到了快速的发展。作为现代无线通信系统重要的一部分，天线往往需要具有小型化、多频带和宽频带等特性。目前，利用先进的印刷电路板技术和工艺，平面印刷天线由于具有加工方便、重量轻、低剖面、易于与有源器件和微波电路集成的特点而得到了广泛关注和研究。微带贴片天线具有良好的方向图定向性，容易实现双极化和圆极化，适合组成阵列而获得高增益；印刷单极和缝隙天线全向性好，容易实现多频和宽带特性，因此这些平面印刷天线被广泛用于雷达、卫星通信、移动通信等各种通信设备当中。所以，平面印刷天线的研究具有着重大理论意义和工程实用价值。本论文结合科研课题和各种无线通信系统的需求，对基于多层电路板印刷技术的双极化微带阵列天线和多频带及宽带平面印刷天线等几个问题展开了研究。作者的主要工作和创造性成果可以概括为：
1．对小型化多层微带阵列天线进行了研究，设计出一种具有和差波束的双极化单脉冲微带阵列天线。该天线工作在Ku波段，由288个双极化微带天线单元组成。该天线具有以下几个优点：（1）天线采用8层印刷介质板技术，实现了小型化、低剖面特性，样机模型厚度仅为1.6mm；（2）通过采用高隔离度单元，阵列天线具有高达-36dB的极化端口隔离度；（3）双极化工作特性，使单脉冲天线能够获取更多空间信息，定位更加准确，填补了双极化单脉冲天线的空白；（4）将微带天线单元按照多圈圆环阵列形式排列，并设计了集成式馈电网络，充分利用载体空间尺寸，分布更加紧凑；（5）使用180反相馈电技术，使天线相对象限轴线成对称分布，仅需要设计四分之一扇区的馈电网络，极大地减小了工作量，提高了天线的设计效率。
2．对单脉冲天线中的和差器进行了研究，采用一种具有局部旋转对称特性的和差器结构。该和差器呈“十”字形，由四个相互连接三分支3dB电桥外接相移线构成。不同于文献报道中的结构，本文将相移线移至三分支3dB电桥之外，减少了相移线的数量，不仅改善了和差器的对称性，而且简化了设计过程，降低了设计难度。
3．对多频带平面印刷天线进行了研究。通过在矩形环内部加载直线枝节和曲折线枝节，设计出两种三频带矩形环单极天线，可用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz无线通信；类似地，通过对U形环结构添加枝节，可以实现2.5/5.5GHz双频带工作；采用切角技术，可以使U形环天线工作在2.5/7.5GHz双频带，最终设计出用于WLAN2.4GHz和UWB高频段的宽带双频U形环单极天线；采用在地板上刻∩形缝隙的方法，设计出两种双频带印刷缝隙天线，可以实现WLAN/WiMAX3.5/5.5GHz双频带工作；采用多枝节方法，设计出一款三频带印刷单极天线，该天线可以用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.8GHz无线通信。文中还制作了上述天线的实验模型，并进行了测试。
4．对宽带平面印刷天线进行了研究。在PIFA天线基础上，采用箭头状枝节实现圆极化特性，设计出一种宽带圆极化PIFA天线。测试的10dB阻抗带宽为39.8%，AR<2dB的带宽为41.7%，证明该天线带宽远大于传统的微带圆极化天线；采用三叉星枝节加载技术，使普通微带矩形环天线的带宽由31.2%展宽至94.5%，最终设计出一种用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz移动通信的宽带印刷天线；采用一种L型缝隙结构和倒F形馈电枝节，设计出一种用于超宽带通信的小型化平面印刷天线。该天线尺寸仅为23.7mm×23.7mm×0.8mm，具有体积小，低剖面等优点。测试结果表明，该天线可以完全覆盖3.1～10.6GHz的超宽带频段。
In the21st century, electronic and wireless communication technologies have developedrapidly. As an important part of the modern wireless communication system, antennas arealways required to be miniature, multiband, wideband and etc.. Today, planar printed antennasbased on the advanced PCB technology have drawn more and more attention due to theirintrinsic merits such as simplicity in design, light weight, low profile, and ease to beintegrated with active components or microwave circuits. The microstrip patch antennas notonly have good directional radiation patterns, but also are agile for dual polarization orcircular polarization and suitable to be arrayed for high gain. Printed monopole antennas andslot antennas have good omnidirectional patterns, which can be developed for multiband orwideband operations. Thus, these kinds of planar antennas are researched and usedextensively in many modern applications such as radar, satellite communications, and mobilecommunications systems. Therefore, investigations on the planar printed antennas are of greattheoretical significance and practical value. With the consideration of associated researchprojects and some urgent requirements of antennas in wireless communications systems, thisdissertation is mainly concerned with the design of PCB based planar printed antennas,including dual-polarized microstrip array antenna, printed multiband antennas, and widebandantennas. The author’s major innovative contributions are as follows:
1. Miniature multi-layer microstrip array antenna is investigated, and a noveldual-polarized monopulse microstrip array antenna is designed. Operating at Ku band, theproposed antenna comprises288dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements. There aremainly several characteristics for the antenna as follows:(1) By using8-layer PCB technology,the proposed antenna has achieved miniature and low profile characteristics, with a totalthickness of just1.6mm;(2) By adopting a high-isolated dual-polarized antenna as the arrayelement, the proposed array is proved to have a isolation better than-36dB;(3) Dualpolarization operation can make the antenna receive more spatial information, which willresult in a more accurate position. This design fills the blank of dual-polarized monopulseantenna;(4) With integrated feeding network, the antenna elements are arranged in the formof concentric rings, which not only make full use the space of the carrier, but also make thelayout more compact;(5) By using the180°out-of-phase feeding method, the array issymmetrical to the quadrant axis lines, which make it sufficient to design only one quarter of the feeding network. This action reduces the workload and improves the designing efficiency.
2. The microstrip monopulse comparators are researched, and a novel configurationcharacterized by local circumrotatory symmetry is presented. This comparator, which has across shape, is composed of four3dB hybrid couplers and several delay lines. Different fromthe configurations reported in the references, the delay lines in the proposed comparator arecreatively shifted to the outside of the3dB hybrid couplers, which reduces the number of thedelay lines and hence improves the symmetry of the comparator, simplifies the designingprocess and reduces the designing difficulty.
3. The multiband printed antennas are studied. By adding straight and meandered stripinside the rectangular ring, two tri-band monopole antennas are designed, which can be usedfor WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz wireless communication systems; Similarly, branches areadded to U-shaped ring antenna to achieve2.5/5.5GHz dualband operation. Another dualbandmonopole antenna based on U-shaped configuration is designed to cover2.5/7.5GHz bandsby using trimming approach, which is a good candidate for WLAN or UWB communicationssystems; By etching∩-shaped slots on the ground, two printed slot antennas withrhombus-shaped slots are presented, which are suitable for WLAN/WiMAX3.5/5.5GHzapplications; By utilizing multi-branch method, a tri-band printed monopole antenna isdeveloped for WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.8GHz. Prototypes of the aforementioned printedantennas are fabricated and measured, and good multiband characteristics are obtained.
4. The wideband printed antennas are presented. In order to realize the wideband circularpolarization performance, an arrow-shaped branch is added on the traditional PIFA antenna,which results in a wideband circularly polarized PIFA antenna. The measured impedancebandwidth is39.8%(Return Loss>10dB), axial ratio bandwidth is41.7%(AR<2dB), whichprove the proposed antenna has a bandwidth wider than traditional circularly-polarizedmicrostrip antenna；By using a three-point-star strip, the bandwidth of traditional rectangularring monopole antenna can be broadened from31.2%to94.5%, and thus a wideband printedantenna for WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz bands applications is designed; An miniatureprinted ultra-wideband antenna with an L-shaped slot and an inverted-F-shaped feedingbranch is presented, which can cover UWB3.1GHz to10.6GHz band, with a compact size ofonly23.7mm×23.7mm×0.8mm.
1．对小型化多层微带阵列天线进行了研究，设计出一种具有和差波束的双极化单脉冲微带阵列天线。该天线工作在Ku波段，由288个双极化微带天线单元组成。该天线具有以下几个优点：（1）天线采用8层印刷介质板技术，实现了小型化、低剖面特性，样机模型厚度仅为1.6mm；（2）通过采用高隔离度单元，阵列天线具有高达-36dB的极化端口隔离度；（3）双极化工作特性，使单脉冲天线能够获取更多空间信息，定位更加准确，填补了双极化单脉冲天线的空白；（4）将微带天线单元按照多圈圆环阵列形式排列，并设计了集成式馈电网络，充分利用载体空间尺寸，分布更加紧凑；（5）使用180反相馈电技术，使天线相对象限轴线成对称分布，仅需要设计四分之一扇区的馈电网络，极大地减小了工作量，提高了天线的设计效率。
2．对单脉冲天线中的和差器进行了研究，采用一种具有局部旋转对称特性的和差器结构。该和差器呈“十”字形，由四个相互连接三分支3dB电桥外接相移线构成。不同于文献报道中的结构，本文将相移线移至三分支3dB电桥之外，减少了相移线的数量，不仅改善了和差器的对称性，而且简化了设计过程，降低了设计难度。
3．对多频带平面印刷天线进行了研究。通过在矩形环内部加载直线枝节和曲折线枝节，设计出两种三频带矩形环单极天线，可用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz无线通信；类似地，通过对U形环结构添加枝节，可以实现2.5/5.5GHz双频带工作；采用切角技术，可以使U形环天线工作在2.5/7.5GHz双频带，最终设计出用于WLAN2.4GHz和UWB高频段的宽带双频U形环单极天线；采用在地板上刻∩形缝隙的方法，设计出两种双频带印刷缝隙天线，可以实现WLAN/WiMAX3.5/5.5GHz双频带工作；采用多枝节方法，设计出一款三频带印刷单极天线，该天线可以用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.8GHz无线通信。文中还制作了上述天线的实验模型，并进行了测试。
4．对宽带平面印刷天线进行了研究。在PIFA天线基础上，采用箭头状枝节实现圆极化特性，设计出一种宽带圆极化PIFA天线。测试的10dB阻抗带宽为39.8%，AR<2dB的带宽为41.7%，证明该天线带宽远大于传统的微带圆极化天线；采用三叉星枝节加载技术，使普通微带矩形环天线的带宽由31.2%展宽至94.5%，最终设计出一种用于WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz移动通信的宽带印刷天线；采用一种L型缝隙结构和倒F形馈电枝节，设计出一种用于超宽带通信的小型化平面印刷天线。该天线尺寸仅为23.7mm×23.7mm×0.8mm，具有体积小，低剖面等优点。测试结果表明，该天线可以完全覆盖3.1～10.6GHz的超宽带频段。
In the21st century, electronic and wireless communication technologies have developedrapidly. As an important part of the modern wireless communication system, antennas arealways required to be miniature, multiband, wideband and etc.. Today, planar printed antennasbased on the advanced PCB technology have drawn more and more attention due to theirintrinsic merits such as simplicity in design, light weight, low profile, and ease to beintegrated with active components or microwave circuits. The microstrip patch antennas notonly have good directional radiation patterns, but also are agile for dual polarization orcircular polarization and suitable to be arrayed for high gain. Printed monopole antennas andslot antennas have good omnidirectional patterns, which can be developed for multiband orwideband operations. Thus, these kinds of planar antennas are researched and usedextensively in many modern applications such as radar, satellite communications, and mobilecommunications systems. Therefore, investigations on the planar printed antennas are of greattheoretical significance and practical value. With the consideration of associated researchprojects and some urgent requirements of antennas in wireless communications systems, thisdissertation is mainly concerned with the design of PCB based planar printed antennas,including dual-polarized microstrip array antenna, printed multiband antennas, and widebandantennas. The author’s major innovative contributions are as follows:
1. Miniature multi-layer microstrip array antenna is investigated, and a noveldual-polarized monopulse microstrip array antenna is designed. Operating at Ku band, theproposed antenna comprises288dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements. There aremainly several characteristics for the antenna as follows:(1) By using8-layer PCB technology,the proposed antenna has achieved miniature and low profile characteristics, with a totalthickness of just1.6mm;(2) By adopting a high-isolated dual-polarized antenna as the arrayelement, the proposed array is proved to have a isolation better than-36dB;(3) Dualpolarization operation can make the antenna receive more spatial information, which willresult in a more accurate position. This design fills the blank of dual-polarized monopulseantenna;(4) With integrated feeding network, the antenna elements are arranged in the formof concentric rings, which not only make full use the space of the carrier, but also make thelayout more compact;(5) By using the180°out-of-phase feeding method, the array issymmetrical to the quadrant axis lines, which make it sufficient to design only one quarter of the feeding network. This action reduces the workload and improves the designing efficiency.
2. The microstrip monopulse comparators are researched, and a novel configurationcharacterized by local circumrotatory symmetry is presented. This comparator, which has across shape, is composed of four3dB hybrid couplers and several delay lines. Different fromthe configurations reported in the references, the delay lines in the proposed comparator arecreatively shifted to the outside of the3dB hybrid couplers, which reduces the number of thedelay lines and hence improves the symmetry of the comparator, simplifies the designingprocess and reduces the designing difficulty.
3. The multiband printed antennas are studied. By adding straight and meandered stripinside the rectangular ring, two tri-band monopole antennas are designed, which can be usedfor WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz wireless communication systems; Similarly, branches areadded to U-shaped ring antenna to achieve2.5/5.5GHz dualband operation. Another dualbandmonopole antenna based on U-shaped configuration is designed to cover2.5/7.5GHz bandsby using trimming approach, which is a good candidate for WLAN or UWB communicationssystems; By etching∩-shaped slots on the ground, two printed slot antennas withrhombus-shaped slots are presented, which are suitable for WLAN/WiMAX3.5/5.5GHzapplications; By utilizing multi-branch method, a tri-band printed monopole antenna isdeveloped for WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.8GHz. Prototypes of the aforementioned printedantennas are fabricated and measured, and good multiband characteristics are obtained.
4. The wideband printed antennas are presented. In order to realize the wideband circularpolarization performance, an arrow-shaped branch is added on the traditional PIFA antenna,which results in a wideband circularly polarized PIFA antenna. The measured impedancebandwidth is39.8%(Return Loss>10dB), axial ratio bandwidth is41.7%(AR<2dB), whichprove the proposed antenna has a bandwidth wider than traditional circularly-polarizedmicrostrip antenna；By using a three-point-star strip, the bandwidth of traditional rectangularring monopole antenna can be broadened from31.2%to94.5%, and thus a wideband printedantenna for WLAN/WiMAX2.5/3.5/5.5GHz bands applications is designed; An miniatureprinted ultra-wideband antenna with an L-shaped slot and an inverted-F-shaped feedingbranch is presented, which can cover UWB3.1GHz to10.6GHz band, with a compact size ofonly23.7mm×23.7mm×0.8mm.
引文
[1] Qu X., Zhong S. S., and Zhang Y. M. Dual-Band Dual-Polarised Microstrip AntennaArray for Sar Applications. Electronics Letters.2006,42(24):1376-1377.
[2] Zhong S. S., Yang X. X., and Gao S. C., et al. Corner-Fed Microstrip Antenna Elementand Arrays for Dual-Polarization Operation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2002,50(10):1473-1480.
[3] Gao S. C., Li L. W., and Yeo T. S., et al. Low Cost, Dual Linearly Polarised MicrostripPatch Array. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2001,148(1):21-24.
[4] Granholm J. and Woelders K. Dual Polarization Stacked Microstrip Patch AntennaArray with Very Low Cross-Polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2001,49(10):1393-1402.
[5] Gao S. and Sambell A. Low-Cost Dual-Polarized Printed Array with Broad Bandwidth.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2004,52(12):3394-3397.
[6] Acimovic I., Mcnamara D. A., and Petosa A. Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch PlanarArray Antennas with Improved Port-to-Port Isolation. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation.2008,56(11):3433-3439.
[7]张杰.高隔离度双极化单脉冲微带天线阵列研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2010.
[8]毛康侯，沈心雄，袁则直.防空导弹天线.北京市:宇航出版社,1991.
[9] Singh A. K. A Low Cost, Low Side Lobe and High Efficiency Non-OrthogonallyCoupled Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna for Monopulse Radar Tracking.2005IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,.2005:732-735.
[10]张立东.超薄型平板缝隙阵单脉冲天线设计与仿真.上海航天.2006(1):61-64.
[11]孙宇乾，方良.毫米波平面缝隙单脉冲天线设计.弹箭与制导学报.2009(3):262-264.
[12]张前悦，王光明，任卫华.一种L波段单脉冲天线的研制.弹箭与制导学报.2007(4):288-289.
[13] Kim S. G. and Chang K. Low-Cost Monopulse Antenna Using Bi-Directionally-FedMicrostrip Patch Array. Electronics Letters.2003,39(20):1428-1429.
[14]方大纲，陈晓光，盛卫星等.一种结构紧凑的新型微带单脉冲天线阵.南京理工大学学报(自然科学版).2003(5):473-477.
[15] Hao W., Da-Gang F., and Chen X. G. A Compact Single Layer Monopulse MicrostripAntenna Array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(2):503-509.
[16] Liu B., Hong W., and Kuai Z., et al. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (Siw) MonopulseSlot Antenna Array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(1):275-279.
[17] Yu Z. W., Wang G. M., and Zhang C. A Broadband Planar Monopulse Antenna Arrayof C-Band. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8:1325-1328.
[18] Jahagirdar D. R. and Borkar V. G. A High Efficiency Ku-Band Printed MonopulseArray.2010IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium(APSURSI),2010:1-4.
[19] Strassner B. Lightweight, Wideband, Amplitude-Tapered, Linearly-Polarized,Dual-Axis Monopulse, Ku-Band Patch Antenna Array for Sar.2007IEEE Antennasand Propagation Society International Symposium,2007:4409-4412.
[20] Liu Y., Sun H. J., and Lu X., et al. Study of the Millimeter Microstrip MonopulseAntenna Array in the Dual-Sensor System. ISAPE2006-20067th InternationalSymposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, Proceedings. Guilin, China.2006:157-160.
[21]梅霞.双极化单脉冲微带天线.南京理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[22]于晶，李尚生，鲍虎等.单脉冲双极化天线阵列设计.海军航空工程学院学报.2010(5):563-566.
[23] Hsu C. K. and Chung S. J. A Wideband DVB Forked Shape Monopole Antenna withCoupling Effect for USB Dongle Application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2010,58(9):3029-3036.
[24] Rao Q. and Denidni T. A. New Broadband Dual-Printed Inverted L-Shaped MonopoleAntenna for Tri-Band Wireless Applications. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2007,49(2):278-280.
[25] Pan C., Huang C., and Horng T. A New Printed G-Shaped Monopole Antenna forDual-Band WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(4):295-297.
[26] Chi G., Li B., and Qi D. Dual-Band Printed Diversity Antenna for2.4/5.2-GHz WLANApplication. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(6):561-563.
[27] Hsiao H., Lu J., and Wu J. Y-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Dual-BroadbandOperation for WLAN. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(8):1476-1480.
[28] Wu J., Wang Y., and Hsiao H., et al. T-Shaped Monopole Antenna with ShortedL-Shaped Strip-Sleeves for WLAN2.4/5.8-GHz Operation. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2005,46(1):65-69.
[29] Kuo Y. and Wong K. Printed Double-T Monopole Antenna for2.4/5.2GHz Dual-BandWLAN Operations. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(9):2187-2192.
[30] Huang C. Y. and Chiu P. Y. Dual-Band Monopole Antenna with Shorted ParasiticElement. Electronics Letters.2005,41(21):1154-1155.
[31] Yeh S. H. and Wong K. L. Dual-Band F-Shaped Monopole Antenna for2.4/5.2GHzWLAN Application. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S InternationalSymposium (Digest). San Antonio, TX, United states.2002:72-75.
[32] Lu J. and Lee Y. Planar C-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Multi-Band Operation forWiMAX System.2010IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium (APSURSI),2010:1-4.
[33] Lu J. and Chou W. Planar Dual U-Shaped Monopole Antenna with MultibandOperation for IEEE802.16E. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2010,9:1006-1009.
[34] Lu J. H. and Huang B. J. Planar Multi-Band Monopole Antenna with L-ShapedParasitic Strip for WiMAX Application. Electronics Letters.2010,46(10):671-672.
[35] Liu W. C., Chen W. R., and Wu C. M. Printed Double S-Shaped Monopole Antenna forWideband and Multiband Operation of Wireless Communications. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation,2004,151(6):473-476.
[36] Song Y., Jiao Y., and Zhao H., et al. Compact Printed Monopole Antenna forMultiband WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(2):365-367.
[37] Zuo S., Yin Y., and Zhang Z. A Coupling-Fed Multiband Antenna for WLAN/WiMAXApplications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2010,52(6):1283-1286.
[38] Kim J. H., Lee J. N., and Kim H. H., et al. Multiband Meander Antenna with a BackedMicrostrip Line. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(8):1942-1946.
[39] Zhang L., Jiao Y., and Zhao G., et al. Broadband Dual-Band CPW-Fed ClosedRectangular Ring Monopole Antenna with a Vertical Strip for WLAN Operation.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(7):1929-1931.
[40] Zhang Q. and Chu Q. Triple-Band Dual Rectangular Ring Printed Monopole Antennafor WLAN/WiMAX Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(12):2845-2848.
[41] Tangjitjesada M., Nakasuwan J., and Kaewarsa C., et al. U-Shaped Slot Antenna forTriple-Frequency.2006International Conference on Communications, Circuits andSystems, ICCCAS, Proceedings. Guilin, China.2006:1434-1437.
[42] Rakluea P., Anantrasirichai N., and Janchitrapongvej K., et al. MultibandMicrostrip-Fed Right Angle Slot Antenna Design for Wireless Communication Systems.ETRI Journal.2009,31(3):271-281.
[43] Pomsathit A., Benjangkaprasert C., and Anantrasirichai N., et al. Design of RightAngle Slot Antenna for Dual Band and Dual Polarized with Wireless Network. ICCAS2010-International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. Gyeonggi-do,Republic of Korea.2010:1958-1961.
[44] Anantrasirichai N., Charkrit P., and Narkcharoen K., et al. Application of FDTDMethod for Dielectrics Substrate of U-Shaped Slot Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line.The25th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC '03.2003:598-601.
[45] Mahmoud M. N. and Baktur R. A Dual Band Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,2011,59(5):1720-1724.
[46] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. Series Microstrip-Fed Two-Element SlotAntenna.5th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory,2000.Proceedings. ISAPE2000.2000:362-365.
[47] Qing X. M. and Chia M. Y. W. A Compact Dual-Slot Antenna for WLAN Applications.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,37(4):311-313.
[48] Le Bolter F. and Louzir A. Multi-Band Annular Slot Antenna for WLAN Applications.Eleventh International Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2001.(IEE Conf.Publ. No.480).2001:529-532.
[49] Chen J. Dual-Frequency Annular-Ring Slot Antennas Fed by CPW Feed and MicrostripLine Feed. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2005,53(1):569-573.
[50] Sze J., Hsu C. I. G., and Hsu S. Design of a Compact Dual-Band Annular-Ring SlotAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:423-426.
[51] Hyo R. B., Soon O. S., and Choon S. C., et al. A Crooked U-Slot Dual-Band Antennawith Radial Stub Feeding. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8:1345-1348.
[52] Ren W. Compact Dual-Band Slot Antenna for2.4/5GHz WLAN Applications. ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research.2008,8:319-327.
[53] Tehrani H. and Chang K. Multifrequency Operation of Microstrip-Fed Slot-RingAntennas on Thin Low-Dielectric Permittivity Substrates. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation.2002,50(9):1299-1308.
[54] Wu J. W.2.4/5-GHz Dual-Band Triangular Slot Antenna with Compact Operation.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(1):81-84.
[55] Chen C. and Yung E. K. N. Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized CPW-Fed Slot Antennawith a Small Frequency Ratio and Wide Bandwidths. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation,2011,59(4):1379-1384.
[56] Sze J. Y. and Chang W. S. Dual-Band Square Slot Antenna with Embedded CrossedStrips for Wireless Local Area Network Applications. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2009,51(2):435-439.
[57] Sze J. Y., Hsu C. I. G., and Jiao J. J. CPW-Fed Circular Slot Antenna with SlitBack-Patch for2.4/5GHz Dual-Band Operation. Electronics Letters.2006,42(10):563-564.
[58] Mukandatimana M. C., Denidni T. A., and Talbi L. Design of a New Dual-BandCPW-Fed Slot Antenna for ISM Applications. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.Milan, Italy.2004:6-9.
[59] Chiang M. J., Hung T. F., and Sze J. Y., et al. Miniaturized Dual-Band CPW-FedAnnular Slot Antenna Design with Arc-Shaped Tuning Stub. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation.2010,58(11):3710-3715.
[60] Yoon J. H. and Lee Y. C. Modified Bow-Tie Slot Antenna for the2.4/5.2/5.8GHzWLAN Bands with a Rectangular Tuning Stub. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2011,53(1):126-130.
[61] Wang Y. D., Lu J. H., and Hsiao H. M. Novel Design of Semi-Circular Slot Antennawith Triple-Band Operation for WLAN/WiMAX Communication. Microwave andOptical Technology Letters.2008,50(6):1531-1534.
[62] Chen J. S. Studies of CPW-Fed Equilateral Triangular-Ring Slot Antennas andTriangular-Ring Slot Coupled Patch Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2005,53(7):2208-2211.
[63] Lin Y. C. and Hung K. J. Design of Dual-Band Slot Antenna with Double T-MatchStubs. Electronics Letters.2006,42(8):5-6.
[64] Huynh T. and Lee K. F. Single-Layer Single-Patch Wideband Microstrip Antenna.Electronics Letters.1995,31(16):1310-1312.
[65] Lee K. F., Luk K. M., and Tong K. F., et al. Experimental and Simulation Studies ofthe Coaxially-Fed U-Slot Rectangular Patch Antenna. lEE Proceedings-MicrowaveAntennas and Propagation.1997:354-358.
[66] Tong K. F., Luk K. M., and Lee K. F., et al. A Broad-Band U-Slot Rectangular PatchAntenna on a Microwave Substrate. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2000,48(6):954-960.
[67] Lee K. F., Steven Yang S. L., and Kishk A. A., et al. The Versatile U-Slot PatchAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.2010,52(1):71-88.
[68] Lee K. F., Yang S. L. S., and Kishk A. A. Dual-and Multiband U-Slot Patch Antennas.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2008,7:645-647.
[69] Al Joumayly M. A., Aguilar S. M., and Behdad N., et al. Dual-Band Miniaturized PatchAntennas for Microwave Breast Imaging. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2010,9:268-271.
[70] Ansari J. A., Mishra A., and Yadav N. P., et al. Analysis of Pair of L-Shaped SlotLoaded Patch Antenna for WLAN Application. Power,2010International Conferenceon Control and Embedded Systems (ICPCES), Allahabad, India.2010:1-5.
[71] Sharma V., Saxena V. K., and Bhatnagar D., et al. Compact Dual Frequency WideBand Circular Patch Antenna with U-Slot. IEEE International Symposium on Antennasand Propagation Society,2009. APSURSI '09,2009:1-4.
[72] Yang W., Shuhui Y., and Yinchao C. Design of a Bow-Tie Dual-Frequency MicrostripAntenna at L and S Bands. Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010InternationalConference on. Ningbo, China.2010:1-4.
[73] Nasimuddin, Chen Z. N., and Qing X. Dual-Band Circularly Polarized S-ShapedSlotted Patch Antenna with a Small Frequency-Ratio. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation.2010,58(6):2112-2115.
[74] Zulkifli F. Y., Kurniawan M. D., and Rahardjo E. T. Dual Band PIFA with U Slot forWiMAX Application. APMC2009-Asia Pacific Microwave Conference2009.Singapore, Singapore.2009:2742-2745.
[75] Nashaat D., Elsadek H. A., and Ghali H. Dual-Band Reduced Size PIFA Antenna withU-Slot for Bluetooth and WLAN Applications. IEEE Antennas and PropagationSociety, AP-S International Symposium (Digest). Columbus, OH, United states.2003:962-967.
[76] Salonen P., Keskilammi M., and Kivikoski M. Single-Feed Dual-Band PlanarInverted-F Antenna with U-Shaped Slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2000,48(8):1262-1264.
[77] Row J. S., Hsu C. H., and Ai C. Y. Studies of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna with aU-Shaped Slot. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S InternationalSymposium (Digest). Columbus, OH, United states.2003:561-564.
[78] Yang M., Chen Y., and Mittra R., et al. U-Shaped Planar Inverted-F MicrostripAntenna with a U-Shaped Slot Inset for Dual-Frequency Mobile Communications. IEEProceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2003:197-202.
[79]王元坤，李玉权编写.线天线的宽频带技术.西安市:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[80] Janaswamy R. and Schaubert D. Analysis of the Tapered Slot Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,1987,35(9):1058-1065.
[81] Greenberg M. C., Virga K. L., and Hammond C. L. Performance Characteristics of theDual Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna (Detsa) for Wireless CommunicationsApplications. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on.2003,52(2):305-312.
[82] Kuo L. C., Tsai M. C., and Chuang H. R.3-D FDTD Design Simulation andExperimental Measurement of a Ka-Band Planar Antipodal Linearly-Tapered SlotAntenna (ALTSA). IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.2001,11(9):382-384.
[83]吕文俊.小型平面超宽带天线的理论与设计.南京邮电大学博士论文,2006.
[84] Su S. W., Wong K. L., and Cheng Y. T., et al. Finite-Ground-Plane Effects on theUltra-Wideband Planar Monopole Antenna. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2004,43(6):535-537.
[85] Lin S. Y. A Low-Profile Folded Planar Monopole Antenna for WirelessCommunication. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,36(1):46-48.
[86] Wong K. L., Su S. W., and Tang C. L. Broadband Omnidirectional Metal-PlateMonopole Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(1II):581-583.
[87] Wong K. L., Chi Y. W., and Wu C. H. Wideband Tri-Plate Monopole Antenna.Electronics Letters.2004,40(24):1517-1519.
[88] Tong K. F., Luk K. M., and Chan C. H., et al. A Miniature Monopole Antenna forMobile Communications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2000,27(4):262-263.
[89] Beer M., Ammann M. J., and Schneider T. Electromagnetically-CoupledMicrostrip-Fed Planar Monopole. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(1):108-110.
[90] Chen Z. N. Broadband Planar Monopole Antenna. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves,Antennas and Propagation.2000,147(6):526-528.
[91] Zhang Q., Zhang F. S., and Zhu Y., et al. A Novel U-Shaped Antenna for UWBApplications.2010IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, ICUWB2010-Proceedings. Nanjing, China.2010:312-314.
[92] Azenui N. C. and Yang H. Y. D. A Printed Crescent Patch Antenna for UltrawidebandApplications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:113-116.
[93] Lee S. Y. and Yu C. C. A Novel Wideband Asymmetric Hybrid Antenna forWLAN/WiMAX Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(4):1055-1057.
[94] Hsu C. H. Planar Multilateral Disc Monopole Antenna for UWB Application.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(5):1101-1103.
[95] Tseng C. F. and Huang C. L. A Wideband Cross Monopole Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2009,57(8):2464-2468.
[96] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Printed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna forUltra-Wideband Applications. Electronics Letters.2004,40(20):1246-1248.
[97] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Study of a Printed Circular Disc MonopoleAntenna for UWB Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(11):3500-3504.
[98] Liang J., Guo L., and Chiau C. C., et al. Study of CPW-Fed Circular Disc MonopoleAntenna for Ultra Wideband Applications. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennasand Propagation.2005:520-526.
[99] Ray K. P. Design Aspects of Printed Monopole Antennas for Ultra-Wide BandApplications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation.2008.
[100] Thomas K. G. and Sreenivasan M. A Simple Ultrawideband Planar Rectangular PrintedAntenna with Band Dispensation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2010,58(1):27-34.
[101] John M. and Ammann M. J. Optimisation of a Wide-Band Printed Monopole AntennaUsing a Genetic Algorithm. LAPC2006,11-12th April,2006:237-240.
[102] Kerkhoff A. J., Rogers R. L., and Ling H. Design and Analysis of Planar MonopoleAntennas Using a Genetic Algorithm Approach. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2004,52(10):2709-2718.
[103] Liang X., Zhong S., and Wang W. UWB Printed Circular Monopole Antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(8):1532-1534.
[104] Huang C. Y. and Hsia W. C. Planar Elliptical Antenna for Ultra-WidebandCommunications. Electronics Letters.2005,41(6):296-297.
[105] Hong C. Y., Ling C. W., and Tarn I. Y., et al. Design of a Planar UltrawidebandAntenna with a New Band-Notch Structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2007,55(12):3391-3397.
[106] Wong K. L., Wu C. H., and Su S. W. Ultrawide-Band Square Planar Metal-PlateMonopole Antenna with a Trident-Shaped Feeding Strip. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation,2005,53(4):1262-1269.
[107] Ray K. P., Thakur S. S., and Deshmukh R. A. Broadbanding a Printed RectangularMonopole Antenna. Applied Electromagnetics Conference, AEMC2009and URSICommission B Meeting. Kolkata, India.2009:1-4.
[108] Liu J., Esselle K. P., and Zhong S. An Extremely Wideband Rectangular MonopoleAntenna with a Modified Microstrip Feed. EuCAP2010-The4th EuropeanConference on Antennas and Propagation. Barcelona, Spain.2010.
[109] Bock E. L., Nelson J. A., and Dorne A. Sleeve Antennas[M]. New York:McGraw Hill,1947,119-137.
[110] Thomas K. G., Lenin N., and Sreenivasan M. Wide-Band Dual Sleeve Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2006,54(3):1034-1037.
[111] Shen Z. X. and Qian C. A Broad-Band Double-Sleeve Monopole Antenna.2000Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,2000:1461-1464.
[112] Xie Z. S., Li W. W., and Liu Y., et al. Ultra-Wideband Implementation of PrintedRectangular Monopole Antenna.2011IEEE International Conference on ComputerScience and Automation Engineering (CSAE),2011:300-303.
[113] Chen H. D. Ground Plane Effects on the Microstrip-Line-Fed Broadband SleeveMonopole Antennas. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2008,2(6):601-605.
[114] Chen H. D. Compact Broadband Microstrip-Line-Fed Sleeve Monopole Antenna forDTV Application and Ground Plane Effect. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2008,7:497-500.
[115] Zhou S., Guo J., and Huang Y., et al. Broadband Dual Frequency Sleeve MonopoleAntenna for DTV/GSM Applications. Electronics Letters.2009,45(15):766-768.
[116] Nashaat D., Elsadek H. A., and Abdallah E., et al. Enhancement of Ultra-WideBandwidth of Microstrip Monopole Antenna by Using Metamaterial Structures. IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest). NorthCharleston, SC, United states.2009.
[117] Antoniades M. A. and Eleftheriades G. V. A Compact and Broadband Nri-TlMetamaterial Monopole Antenna.13th International Symposium on AntennaTechnology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Science Meeting,2009. ANTEM/URSI2009.2009:1-4.
[118] Antoniades M. A. and Eleftheriades G. V. A Broadband Dual-Mode MonopoleAntenna Using Nri-Tl Metamaterial Loading. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2009,8:258-261.
[119] Booker H. G. Slot Aerials and their Relation to Complementary Wire Aerials. J. IEE(London), pt. IIIA.1946,93:620-626.
[120] Yoshimura Y. A Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.1972,20:760-762.
[121]魏文元等.天线原理.北京市:国防工业出版社,1985.
[122] Axelrod A., Kisliuk M., and Maoz J. Broadband Microstrip-Fed Slot Radiator.Microwave Journal.1989,32:81.
[123] Pozar D. A Reciprocity Method of Analysis for Printed Slot and Slot-CoupledMicrostrip Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1986,34(12):1439-1446.
[124] Kahrizi M., Sarkar T. K., and Maricevic Z. A. Analysis of a Wide Radiating Slot in theGround Plane of a Microstrip Line. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques.1993,41(1):29-37.
[125] Das B. and Joshi K. Impedance of a Radiating Slot in the Ground Plane of aMicrostripline. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1982,30(5):922-926.
[126] Lu W. Z., Zeng Y. S., and Jiang Y. Analysis of Impedance Characteristics of a NovelWide-Slot Printed Antenna Using the FDTD Method.1999International Conference onComputational Electromagnetics and Its Applications,1999. Proceedings.(ICCEA '99)1999:222-225.
[127] Kim J. P. and Park W. S. Network Modeling of an Inclined and Off-CenterMicrostrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.1998,46(8):1182-1188.
[128] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar Syahkal D. Characteristics of Fundamental and FirstHigher-Order Modes of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas. IEE Conference Publication.Edinburgh, UK.1997:1-74.
[129] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. A Simple Technique for Evaluation of InputImpedance of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas. Ninth International Conference onAntennas and Propagation (Conf. Publ. No.407).1995:265-268.
[130] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. Approximate Model for Microstrip Fed SlotAntennas. Electronics Letters.1994,30(23):1902-1903.
[131] Caloz C., Okabe H., and Iwai T., et al. A Simple and Accurate Model for MicrostripStructures with Slotted Ground Plane. IEEE Microwave and Wireless ComponentsLetters,2004,14(3):127-129.
[132] Lei Z. and Ke W. Complete Circuit Model of Microstrip-Fed Slot Radiator: Theory andExperiments. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,1999,9(8):305-307.
[133] Kai Y. and Ke-Li W. Generalized Partial-Element Equivalent-Circuit Analysis forPlanar Circuits with Slotted Ground. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques,2009,57(7):1734-1742.
[134] Jan J. Y. and Su J. W. Bandwidth Enhancement of a Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with aRotated Slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(6):2111-2114.
[135] Sadat S., Fardis M., and Geran F., et al. A Compact Microstrip Square-Ring SlotAntenna for UWB Applications. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER67,2007:173–179.
[136] Chaimool S., Kerdsumang S., and Akkraeakthalin P., et al. A Broadband CPW-FedSquare Slot Antenna Using Loading Metallic Strips and a Widened Tuning Stub. IEEERegion10Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON. Chiang Mai,Thailand.2004: C539-C542.
[137] Jang Y. W. Wide-Band T-Shaped Microstrip-Fed Twin-Slot Array Antenna. ETRIJournal.2001,23(1):33-38.
[138] Yao F. W., Zhong S. S., and Wang W., et al. Wideband Slot Antenna with a NovelMicrostrip Feed. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,46(3):275-278.
[139] Chair R., Kishk A. A., and Lee K. F. Ultrawide-Band Coplanar Waveguide-FedRectangular Slot Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2004,3(1):227-229.
[140] Gibbins D., Klemm M., and Craddock I. J., et al. A Comparison of a Wide-Slot and aStacked Patch Antenna for the Purpose of Breast Cancer Detection. IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation.2010,58(3):665-674.
[141] Kim M. K., Kim K., and Suh Y. H., et al. A T-Shaped Microstrip-Line-Fed Wide SlotAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2000:1500-1503.
[142] Sze J. Y. and Wong K. L. Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip-Line-Fed PrintedWide-Slot Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2001,49(7):1020-1024.
[143] Chen H. D. Broadband CPW-Fed Square Slot Antennas with a Widened Tuning Stub.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2003,51(8):1982-1986.
[144] Jang Y. W. Experimental Study of Large Bandwidth Three-Offset Microstripline-FedSlot Antenna. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2001,11(10):425-427.
[145] Huang C. Y., Tsai C. C., and Kuo J. S. Slot Antenna for Ultra-WidebandCommunications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(3):616-617.
[146] Yoon J. H. Wideband-Modified Bow-Tie Slot Antenna with a U-Shaped Tuning Stub.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2011,53(1):23-28.
[147] Dastranj A., Imani A., and Naser Moghaddasi M. Printed Wide-Slot Antenna forWideband Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2008,56(10):3097-3102.
[148] Cheng S., Hallbjorner P., and Rydberg A. Printed Slot Planar Inverted Cone Antennafor Ultrawideband Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2008,7:18-21.
[149] Chen W. F., Tsai C. C., and Huang C. Y. Compact Wide-Slot Antenna forUltra-Wideband Communications. Electronics Letters.2008,44(15):892-893.
[150] Lien H. C., Lee Y. C., and Lee W. F., et al. Microstrip Slot Antenna with a FiniteGround Plane for3.1-10.6GHz Ultra Wideband Communication. PIERS Proceedings,Beijing China.2009:1438-1441.
[151] Chang D. C., Liu J. C., and Liu M. Y. Improved U-Shaped Stub Rectangular SlotAntenna with Tuning Pad for UWB Applications. Electronics Letters.2005,41(20):1095-1097.
[152] Dissanayake T. and Esselle K. P. UWB Performance of Compact L-Shaped Wide SlotAntennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2008,56(4):1183-1187.
[153] Jan J. Y. and Wang L. C. Printed Wideband Rhombus Slot Antenna with a Pair ofParasitic Strips for Multiband Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2009,57(4PART2):1267-1270.
[154] Jan J. Y. and Kao J. C. Novel Printed Wide-Band Rhombus-Like Slot Antenna with anOffset Microstrip-Fed Line. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2007,6:249-251.
[155] Sharma S. K., Shafai L., and Jacob N. Investigation of Wide-Band Microstrip SlotAntenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2004,52(3):865-872.
[156] Latif S. I., Shafai L., and Sharma S. K. Bandwidth Enhancement and Size Reduction ofMicrostrip Slot Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(3):994-1003.
[157] Song K., Yin Y. Z., and Chen B., et al. Bandwidth Enhancement Design of CompactUWB Step-Slot Antenna with Rotated Patch. Progress In Electromagnetics Research.2011,22:39-45.
[158] Krishna D. D., Gopikrishna M., and Aanandan C. K., et al. Compact Wideband KochFractal Printed Slot Antenna. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2009,3(5):782-789.
[159] Chen W. L., Wang G. M., and Zhang C. X. Bandwidth Enhancement of aMicrostrip-Line-Fed Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with a Fractal-Shaped Slot. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2009,57(7):2176-2179.
[160] Courant R. Variational Methods for the Solution of the Problems of Equilibrium andVibrations. Bull. Am. Math. Soc.1943,49:1-23.
[161]谢拥军，刘莹，李磊. HFSS原理与工程应用.北京市:科学出版社,2009.
[162] Ansoft Corporation. HFSS Online Help.
[163]王尔杰译，哈林顿著.计算电磁场的矩量法.北京市:国防工业出版社,1981.
[164] Ansoft Corporation. Ansoft Designer Help.
[165] Kumar G. and Ray K. P. Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Inc. Boston.: Artech House,2003.
[166] Munson R. Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip Phased Arrays. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,1974,22(1):74-78.
[167] Wong K. L. and Chiou T. W. Finite Ground Plane Effects on Broad-Band DualPolarized Patch Antenna Properties. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(4):903-904.
[168]汪茂光等.阵列天线分析与综合.成都市:电子科技大学出版社,1989.
[169] Huebner D. Design and Optimization of Small Concentric Ring Arrays. Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium,1978.1978:455-458.
[170] Ren X. S. and Yin Y. Z. Design of Two-Ring Uniform Concentric Circular MicrostripArray Antenna at5.8GHz.20109th International Symposium on AntennasPropagation and EM Theory (ISAPE), Guangzhou.2010:363-366.
[171] Mailloux R. J. and Ebrary I. Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Artech House,2005.
[172] Son S., Jeon S., and Kim C., et al. GA-Based Design of Multi-Ring Arrays withOmnidirectional Conical Beam Pattern. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2010,58(5):1527-1535.
[173]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.北京:人民邮电出版社,1976.
[174] Chen Z. N., Ammann M. J., and Chia M. Y. W. Broadband Square Annular PlanarMonopoles. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,36(6):449-454.
[175] Song C. T. P., Hall P. S., and Ghafouri-Shiraz H. Multiband Multiple Ring MonopoleAntennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(4):722-729.
[176] Deodhar K., Baxi P., and Naik A., et al. Printed Annular Ring Monopole Antenna forUWB Application. IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices,2007. PORTABLE07.2007:1-5.
[177] Gao Y., Ooi B., and Popov A. P. Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Ring-MonopoleAntenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(1):125-126.
[178] Ghosh S. Band-Notched Modified Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for UltrawidebandApplications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2010,9:276-279.
[179] Hong S., Shin J., and Park H., et al. Analysis of the Band-Stop Techniques forUltrawideband Antenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(5):1058-1062.
[180] Kang Y., Chiu C., and Deng S. A New Planar Circular Disc-and-Ring MonopoleAntenna for UMTS/UWB Dual-Network Applications. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2006,48(12):2396-2399.
[181] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Printed Circular Ring Monopole Antennas.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(5):372-375.
[182] Wang F., Yang X., and Zhang J., et al. A Band-Notched Ring Monoplole Antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(7):1882-1884.
[183] Liu W. C. Compact Microstrip-Line-Fed Ring Monopole Antenna with Tuning Stripfor5GHz WLAN Operation. Electronics Letters.2005,41(15):831-832.
[184] Dissanayake T., Esselle K., and Ge Y. A Printed Triangular-Ring Antenna with a2:1Bandwidth. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,44(1):51-53.
[185] Cumhur Basaran S. and E. Erdemli Y. A Dual-Band Split-Ring Monopole Antenna forWLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(11):2685-2688.
[186]章文勋译，约翰克劳斯著.天线（第三版）.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[187] Garg R., Bhartia P., and Bahl I., et al. Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Norwood:artech house,2000.
[188] Chen H. Triple-Band Triangular-Shaped Meander Monopole Antenna with TwoCoupled Lines. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,37(3):232-234.
[189] Wu C., Chiu C., and Hsu C. A New Nonuniform Meandered and Fork-Type GroundedAntenna for Triple-Band WLAN Applications. IEEE Antennas and WirelessPropagation Letters,2006,5(1):346-348.
[190] Ham C., Baik J., and Kim Y. CPW-Fed Compact Meander and L-Shape MonopoleAntenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2008,50(12):3147-3149.
[191] The N. C. and Jing-Hae J. Meandered T-Shaped Monopole Antenna. IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(12):3976-3978.
[192] Zhang L., Zhong S., and Liang X., et al. Compact Meander Monopole Antenna forTri-Band WLAN Application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(4):986-988.
[193] Lau K. L. and Luk K. M. A Novel Wide-Band Circularly Polarized Patch AntennaBased on L-Probe and Aperture-Coupling Techniques. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation,2005,53(1):577-582.
[194] Guo Y. X., Bian L., and Shi X. Q. Broadband Circularly Polarized Annular-RingMicrostrip Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(8):2474-2477.
[195] Song K., Yin Y. Z., and Fan S. T., et al. Compact Open-Ended L-Shaped Slot Antennawith Asymmetrical Rectangular Patch for UWB Applications. Progress InElectromagnetics Research C.2011,19:235-243..
[2] Zhong S. S., Yang X. X., and Gao S. C., et al. Corner-Fed Microstrip Antenna Elementand Arrays for Dual-Polarization Operation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2002,50(10):1473-1480.
[3] Gao S. C., Li L. W., and Yeo T. S., et al. Low Cost, Dual Linearly Polarised MicrostripPatch Array. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2001,148(1):21-24.
[4] Granholm J. and Woelders K. Dual Polarization Stacked Microstrip Patch AntennaArray with Very Low Cross-Polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2001,49(10):1393-1402.
[5] Gao S. and Sambell A. Low-Cost Dual-Polarized Printed Array with Broad Bandwidth.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2004,52(12):3394-3397.
[6] Acimovic I., Mcnamara D. A., and Petosa A. Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch PlanarArray Antennas with Improved Port-to-Port Isolation. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation.2008,56(11):3433-3439.
[7]张杰.高隔离度双极化单脉冲微带天线阵列研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2010.
[8]毛康侯，沈心雄，袁则直.防空导弹天线.北京市:宇航出版社,1991.
[9] Singh A. K. A Low Cost, Low Side Lobe and High Efficiency Non-OrthogonallyCoupled Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna for Monopulse Radar Tracking.2005IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,.2005:732-735.
[10]张立东.超薄型平板缝隙阵单脉冲天线设计与仿真.上海航天.2006(1):61-64.
[11]孙宇乾，方良.毫米波平面缝隙单脉冲天线设计.弹箭与制导学报.2009(3):262-264.
[12]张前悦，王光明，任卫华.一种L波段单脉冲天线的研制.弹箭与制导学报.2007(4):288-289.
[13] Kim S. G. and Chang K. Low-Cost Monopulse Antenna Using Bi-Directionally-FedMicrostrip Patch Array. Electronics Letters.2003,39(20):1428-1429.
[14]方大纲，陈晓光，盛卫星等.一种结构紧凑的新型微带单脉冲天线阵.南京理工大学学报(自然科学版).2003(5):473-477.
[15] Hao W., Da-Gang F., and Chen X. G. A Compact Single Layer Monopulse MicrostripAntenna Array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(2):503-509.
[16] Liu B., Hong W., and Kuai Z., et al. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (Siw) MonopulseSlot Antenna Array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(1):275-279.
[17] Yu Z. W., Wang G. M., and Zhang C. A Broadband Planar Monopulse Antenna Arrayof C-Band. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8:1325-1328.
[18] Jahagirdar D. R. and Borkar V. G. A High Efficiency Ku-Band Printed MonopulseArray.2010IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium(APSURSI),2010:1-4.
[19] Strassner B. Lightweight, Wideband, Amplitude-Tapered, Linearly-Polarized,Dual-Axis Monopulse, Ku-Band Patch Antenna Array for Sar.2007IEEE Antennasand Propagation Society International Symposium,2007:4409-4412.
[20] Liu Y., Sun H. J., and Lu X., et al. Study of the Millimeter Microstrip MonopulseAntenna Array in the Dual-Sensor System. ISAPE2006-20067th InternationalSymposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, Proceedings. Guilin, China.2006:157-160.
[21]梅霞.双极化单脉冲微带天线.南京理工大学硕士论文,2008.
[22]于晶，李尚生，鲍虎等.单脉冲双极化天线阵列设计.海军航空工程学院学报.2010(5):563-566.
[23] Hsu C. K. and Chung S. J. A Wideband DVB Forked Shape Monopole Antenna withCoupling Effect for USB Dongle Application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2010,58(9):3029-3036.
[24] Rao Q. and Denidni T. A. New Broadband Dual-Printed Inverted L-Shaped MonopoleAntenna for Tri-Band Wireless Applications. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2007,49(2):278-280.
[25] Pan C., Huang C., and Horng T. A New Printed G-Shaped Monopole Antenna forDual-Band WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(4):295-297.
[26] Chi G., Li B., and Qi D. Dual-Band Printed Diversity Antenna for2.4/5.2-GHz WLANApplication. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(6):561-563.
[27] Hsiao H., Lu J., and Wu J. Y-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Dual-BroadbandOperation for WLAN. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(8):1476-1480.
[28] Wu J., Wang Y., and Hsiao H., et al. T-Shaped Monopole Antenna with ShortedL-Shaped Strip-Sleeves for WLAN2.4/5.8-GHz Operation. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2005,46(1):65-69.
[29] Kuo Y. and Wong K. Printed Double-T Monopole Antenna for2.4/5.2GHz Dual-BandWLAN Operations. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(9):2187-2192.
[30] Huang C. Y. and Chiu P. Y. Dual-Band Monopole Antenna with Shorted ParasiticElement. Electronics Letters.2005,41(21):1154-1155.
[31] Yeh S. H. and Wong K. L. Dual-Band F-Shaped Monopole Antenna for2.4/5.2GHzWLAN Application. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S InternationalSymposium (Digest). San Antonio, TX, United states.2002:72-75.
[32] Lu J. and Lee Y. Planar C-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Multi-Band Operation forWiMAX System.2010IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium (APSURSI),2010:1-4.
[33] Lu J. and Chou W. Planar Dual U-Shaped Monopole Antenna with MultibandOperation for IEEE802.16E. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2010,9:1006-1009.
[34] Lu J. H. and Huang B. J. Planar Multi-Band Monopole Antenna with L-ShapedParasitic Strip for WiMAX Application. Electronics Letters.2010,46(10):671-672.
[35] Liu W. C., Chen W. R., and Wu C. M. Printed Double S-Shaped Monopole Antenna forWideband and Multiband Operation of Wireless Communications. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation,2004,151(6):473-476.
[36] Song Y., Jiao Y., and Zhao H., et al. Compact Printed Monopole Antenna forMultiband WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(2):365-367.
[37] Zuo S., Yin Y., and Zhang Z. A Coupling-Fed Multiband Antenna for WLAN/WiMAXApplications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2010,52(6):1283-1286.
[38] Kim J. H., Lee J. N., and Kim H. H., et al. Multiband Meander Antenna with a BackedMicrostrip Line. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(8):1942-1946.
[39] Zhang L., Jiao Y., and Zhao G., et al. Broadband Dual-Band CPW-Fed ClosedRectangular Ring Monopole Antenna with a Vertical Strip for WLAN Operation.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(7):1929-1931.
[40] Zhang Q. and Chu Q. Triple-Band Dual Rectangular Ring Printed Monopole Antennafor WLAN/WiMAX Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(12):2845-2848.
[41] Tangjitjesada M., Nakasuwan J., and Kaewarsa C., et al. U-Shaped Slot Antenna forTriple-Frequency.2006International Conference on Communications, Circuits andSystems, ICCCAS, Proceedings. Guilin, China.2006:1434-1437.
[42] Rakluea P., Anantrasirichai N., and Janchitrapongvej K., et al. MultibandMicrostrip-Fed Right Angle Slot Antenna Design for Wireless Communication Systems.ETRI Journal.2009,31(3):271-281.
[43] Pomsathit A., Benjangkaprasert C., and Anantrasirichai N., et al. Design of RightAngle Slot Antenna for Dual Band and Dual Polarized with Wireless Network. ICCAS2010-International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. Gyeonggi-do,Republic of Korea.2010:1958-1961.
[44] Anantrasirichai N., Charkrit P., and Narkcharoen K., et al. Application of FDTDMethod for Dielectrics Substrate of U-Shaped Slot Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line.The25th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC '03.2003:598-601.
[45] Mahmoud M. N. and Baktur R. A Dual Band Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,2011,59(5):1720-1724.
[46] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. Series Microstrip-Fed Two-Element SlotAntenna.5th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory,2000.Proceedings. ISAPE2000.2000:362-365.
[47] Qing X. M. and Chia M. Y. W. A Compact Dual-Slot Antenna for WLAN Applications.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,37(4):311-313.
[48] Le Bolter F. and Louzir A. Multi-Band Annular Slot Antenna for WLAN Applications.Eleventh International Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2001.(IEE Conf.Publ. No.480).2001:529-532.
[49] Chen J. Dual-Frequency Annular-Ring Slot Antennas Fed by CPW Feed and MicrostripLine Feed. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2005,53(1):569-573.
[50] Sze J., Hsu C. I. G., and Hsu S. Design of a Compact Dual-Band Annular-Ring SlotAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:423-426.
[51] Hyo R. B., Soon O. S., and Choon S. C., et al. A Crooked U-Slot Dual-Band Antennawith Radial Stub Feeding. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8:1345-1348.
[52] Ren W. Compact Dual-Band Slot Antenna for2.4/5GHz WLAN Applications. ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research.2008,8:319-327.
[53] Tehrani H. and Chang K. Multifrequency Operation of Microstrip-Fed Slot-RingAntennas on Thin Low-Dielectric Permittivity Substrates. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation.2002,50(9):1299-1308.
[54] Wu J. W.2.4/5-GHz Dual-Band Triangular Slot Antenna with Compact Operation.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(1):81-84.
[55] Chen C. and Yung E. K. N. Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized CPW-Fed Slot Antennawith a Small Frequency Ratio and Wide Bandwidths. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation,2011,59(4):1379-1384.
[56] Sze J. Y. and Chang W. S. Dual-Band Square Slot Antenna with Embedded CrossedStrips for Wireless Local Area Network Applications. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2009,51(2):435-439.
[57] Sze J. Y., Hsu C. I. G., and Jiao J. J. CPW-Fed Circular Slot Antenna with SlitBack-Patch for2.4/5GHz Dual-Band Operation. Electronics Letters.2006,42(10):563-564.
[58] Mukandatimana M. C., Denidni T. A., and Talbi L. Design of a New Dual-BandCPW-Fed Slot Antenna for ISM Applications. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.Milan, Italy.2004:6-9.
[59] Chiang M. J., Hung T. F., and Sze J. Y., et al. Miniaturized Dual-Band CPW-FedAnnular Slot Antenna Design with Arc-Shaped Tuning Stub. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation.2010,58(11):3710-3715.
[60] Yoon J. H. and Lee Y. C. Modified Bow-Tie Slot Antenna for the2.4/5.2/5.8GHzWLAN Bands with a Rectangular Tuning Stub. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2011,53(1):126-130.
[61] Wang Y. D., Lu J. H., and Hsiao H. M. Novel Design of Semi-Circular Slot Antennawith Triple-Band Operation for WLAN/WiMAX Communication. Microwave andOptical Technology Letters.2008,50(6):1531-1534.
[62] Chen J. S. Studies of CPW-Fed Equilateral Triangular-Ring Slot Antennas andTriangular-Ring Slot Coupled Patch Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2005,53(7):2208-2211.
[63] Lin Y. C. and Hung K. J. Design of Dual-Band Slot Antenna with Double T-MatchStubs. Electronics Letters.2006,42(8):5-6.
[64] Huynh T. and Lee K. F. Single-Layer Single-Patch Wideband Microstrip Antenna.Electronics Letters.1995,31(16):1310-1312.
[65] Lee K. F., Luk K. M., and Tong K. F., et al. Experimental and Simulation Studies ofthe Coaxially-Fed U-Slot Rectangular Patch Antenna. lEE Proceedings-MicrowaveAntennas and Propagation.1997:354-358.
[66] Tong K. F., Luk K. M., and Lee K. F., et al. A Broad-Band U-Slot Rectangular PatchAntenna on a Microwave Substrate. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2000,48(6):954-960.
[67] Lee K. F., Steven Yang S. L., and Kishk A. A., et al. The Versatile U-Slot PatchAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.2010,52(1):71-88.
[68] Lee K. F., Yang S. L. S., and Kishk A. A. Dual-and Multiband U-Slot Patch Antennas.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2008,7:645-647.
[69] Al Joumayly M. A., Aguilar S. M., and Behdad N., et al. Dual-Band Miniaturized PatchAntennas for Microwave Breast Imaging. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2010,9:268-271.
[70] Ansari J. A., Mishra A., and Yadav N. P., et al. Analysis of Pair of L-Shaped SlotLoaded Patch Antenna for WLAN Application. Power,2010International Conferenceon Control and Embedded Systems (ICPCES), Allahabad, India.2010:1-5.
[71] Sharma V., Saxena V. K., and Bhatnagar D., et al. Compact Dual Frequency WideBand Circular Patch Antenna with U-Slot. IEEE International Symposium on Antennasand Propagation Society,2009. APSURSI '09,2009:1-4.
[72] Yang W., Shuhui Y., and Yinchao C. Design of a Bow-Tie Dual-Frequency MicrostripAntenna at L and S Bands. Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010InternationalConference on. Ningbo, China.2010:1-4.
[73] Nasimuddin, Chen Z. N., and Qing X. Dual-Band Circularly Polarized S-ShapedSlotted Patch Antenna with a Small Frequency-Ratio. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation.2010,58(6):2112-2115.
[74] Zulkifli F. Y., Kurniawan M. D., and Rahardjo E. T. Dual Band PIFA with U Slot forWiMAX Application. APMC2009-Asia Pacific Microwave Conference2009.Singapore, Singapore.2009:2742-2745.
[75] Nashaat D., Elsadek H. A., and Ghali H. Dual-Band Reduced Size PIFA Antenna withU-Slot for Bluetooth and WLAN Applications. IEEE Antennas and PropagationSociety, AP-S International Symposium (Digest). Columbus, OH, United states.2003:962-967.
[76] Salonen P., Keskilammi M., and Kivikoski M. Single-Feed Dual-Band PlanarInverted-F Antenna with U-Shaped Slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2000,48(8):1262-1264.
[77] Row J. S., Hsu C. H., and Ai C. Y. Studies of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna with aU-Shaped Slot. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S InternationalSymposium (Digest). Columbus, OH, United states.2003:561-564.
[78] Yang M., Chen Y., and Mittra R., et al. U-Shaped Planar Inverted-F MicrostripAntenna with a U-Shaped Slot Inset for Dual-Frequency Mobile Communications. IEEProceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2003:197-202.
[79]王元坤，李玉权编写.线天线的宽频带技术.西安市:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995.
[80] Janaswamy R. and Schaubert D. Analysis of the Tapered Slot Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,1987,35(9):1058-1065.
[81] Greenberg M. C., Virga K. L., and Hammond C. L. Performance Characteristics of theDual Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna (Detsa) for Wireless CommunicationsApplications. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on.2003,52(2):305-312.
[82] Kuo L. C., Tsai M. C., and Chuang H. R.3-D FDTD Design Simulation andExperimental Measurement of a Ka-Band Planar Antipodal Linearly-Tapered SlotAntenna (ALTSA). IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.2001,11(9):382-384.
[83]吕文俊.小型平面超宽带天线的理论与设计.南京邮电大学博士论文,2006.
[84] Su S. W., Wong K. L., and Cheng Y. T., et al. Finite-Ground-Plane Effects on theUltra-Wideband Planar Monopole Antenna. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2004,43(6):535-537.
[85] Lin S. Y. A Low-Profile Folded Planar Monopole Antenna for WirelessCommunication. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,36(1):46-48.
[86] Wong K. L., Su S. W., and Tang C. L. Broadband Omnidirectional Metal-PlateMonopole Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(1II):581-583.
[87] Wong K. L., Chi Y. W., and Wu C. H. Wideband Tri-Plate Monopole Antenna.Electronics Letters.2004,40(24):1517-1519.
[88] Tong K. F., Luk K. M., and Chan C. H., et al. A Miniature Monopole Antenna forMobile Communications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2000,27(4):262-263.
[89] Beer M., Ammann M. J., and Schneider T. Electromagnetically-CoupledMicrostrip-Fed Planar Monopole. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(1):108-110.
[90] Chen Z. N. Broadband Planar Monopole Antenna. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves,Antennas and Propagation.2000,147(6):526-528.
[91] Zhang Q., Zhang F. S., and Zhu Y., et al. A Novel U-Shaped Antenna for UWBApplications.2010IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, ICUWB2010-Proceedings. Nanjing, China.2010:312-314.
[92] Azenui N. C. and Yang H. Y. D. A Printed Crescent Patch Antenna for UltrawidebandApplications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6:113-116.
[93] Lee S. Y. and Yu C. C. A Novel Wideband Asymmetric Hybrid Antenna forWLAN/WiMAX Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(4):1055-1057.
[94] Hsu C. H. Planar Multilateral Disc Monopole Antenna for UWB Application.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(5):1101-1103.
[95] Tseng C. F. and Huang C. L. A Wideband Cross Monopole Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2009,57(8):2464-2468.
[96] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Printed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna forUltra-Wideband Applications. Electronics Letters.2004,40(20):1246-1248.
[97] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Study of a Printed Circular Disc MonopoleAntenna for UWB Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(11):3500-3504.
[98] Liang J., Guo L., and Chiau C. C., et al. Study of CPW-Fed Circular Disc MonopoleAntenna for Ultra Wideband Applications. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennasand Propagation.2005:520-526.
[99] Ray K. P. Design Aspects of Printed Monopole Antennas for Ultra-Wide BandApplications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation.2008.
[100] Thomas K. G. and Sreenivasan M. A Simple Ultrawideband Planar Rectangular PrintedAntenna with Band Dispensation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2010,58(1):27-34.
[101] John M. and Ammann M. J. Optimisation of a Wide-Band Printed Monopole AntennaUsing a Genetic Algorithm. LAPC2006,11-12th April,2006:237-240.
[102] Kerkhoff A. J., Rogers R. L., and Ling H. Design and Analysis of Planar MonopoleAntennas Using a Genetic Algorithm Approach. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2004,52(10):2709-2718.
[103] Liang X., Zhong S., and Wang W. UWB Printed Circular Monopole Antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(8):1532-1534.
[104] Huang C. Y. and Hsia W. C. Planar Elliptical Antenna for Ultra-WidebandCommunications. Electronics Letters.2005,41(6):296-297.
[105] Hong C. Y., Ling C. W., and Tarn I. Y., et al. Design of a Planar UltrawidebandAntenna with a New Band-Notch Structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2007,55(12):3391-3397.
[106] Wong K. L., Wu C. H., and Su S. W. Ultrawide-Band Square Planar Metal-PlateMonopole Antenna with a Trident-Shaped Feeding Strip. IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation,2005,53(4):1262-1269.
[107] Ray K. P., Thakur S. S., and Deshmukh R. A. Broadbanding a Printed RectangularMonopole Antenna. Applied Electromagnetics Conference, AEMC2009and URSICommission B Meeting. Kolkata, India.2009:1-4.
[108] Liu J., Esselle K. P., and Zhong S. An Extremely Wideband Rectangular MonopoleAntenna with a Modified Microstrip Feed. EuCAP2010-The4th EuropeanConference on Antennas and Propagation. Barcelona, Spain.2010.
[109] Bock E. L., Nelson J. A., and Dorne A. Sleeve Antennas[M]. New York:McGraw Hill,1947,119-137.
[110] Thomas K. G., Lenin N., and Sreenivasan M. Wide-Band Dual Sleeve Antenna. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2006,54(3):1034-1037.
[111] Shen Z. X. and Qian C. A Broad-Band Double-Sleeve Monopole Antenna.2000Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,2000:1461-1464.
[112] Xie Z. S., Li W. W., and Liu Y., et al. Ultra-Wideband Implementation of PrintedRectangular Monopole Antenna.2011IEEE International Conference on ComputerScience and Automation Engineering (CSAE),2011:300-303.
[113] Chen H. D. Ground Plane Effects on the Microstrip-Line-Fed Broadband SleeveMonopole Antennas. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2008,2(6):601-605.
[114] Chen H. D. Compact Broadband Microstrip-Line-Fed Sleeve Monopole Antenna forDTV Application and Ground Plane Effect. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2008,7:497-500.
[115] Zhou S., Guo J., and Huang Y., et al. Broadband Dual Frequency Sleeve MonopoleAntenna for DTV/GSM Applications. Electronics Letters.2009,45(15):766-768.
[116] Nashaat D., Elsadek H. A., and Abdallah E., et al. Enhancement of Ultra-WideBandwidth of Microstrip Monopole Antenna by Using Metamaterial Structures. IEEEAntennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest). NorthCharleston, SC, United states.2009.
[117] Antoniades M. A. and Eleftheriades G. V. A Compact and Broadband Nri-TlMetamaterial Monopole Antenna.13th International Symposium on AntennaTechnology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Science Meeting,2009. ANTEM/URSI2009.2009:1-4.
[118] Antoniades M. A. and Eleftheriades G. V. A Broadband Dual-Mode MonopoleAntenna Using Nri-Tl Metamaterial Loading. IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters.2009,8:258-261.
[119] Booker H. G. Slot Aerials and their Relation to Complementary Wire Aerials. J. IEE(London), pt. IIIA.1946,93:620-626.
[120] Yoshimura Y. A Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.1972,20:760-762.
[121]魏文元等.天线原理.北京市:国防工业出版社,1985.
[122] Axelrod A., Kisliuk M., and Maoz J. Broadband Microstrip-Fed Slot Radiator.Microwave Journal.1989,32:81.
[123] Pozar D. A Reciprocity Method of Analysis for Printed Slot and Slot-CoupledMicrostrip Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1986,34(12):1439-1446.
[124] Kahrizi M., Sarkar T. K., and Maricevic Z. A. Analysis of a Wide Radiating Slot in theGround Plane of a Microstrip Line. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques.1993,41(1):29-37.
[125] Das B. and Joshi K. Impedance of a Radiating Slot in the Ground Plane of aMicrostripline. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1982,30(5):922-926.
[126] Lu W. Z., Zeng Y. S., and Jiang Y. Analysis of Impedance Characteristics of a NovelWide-Slot Printed Antenna Using the FDTD Method.1999International Conference onComputational Electromagnetics and Its Applications,1999. Proceedings.(ICCEA '99)1999:222-225.
[127] Kim J. P. and Park W. S. Network Modeling of an Inclined and Off-CenterMicrostrip-Fed Slot Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.1998,46(8):1182-1188.
[128] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar Syahkal D. Characteristics of Fundamental and FirstHigher-Order Modes of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas. IEE Conference Publication.Edinburgh, UK.1997:1-74.
[129] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. A Simple Technique for Evaluation of InputImpedance of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas. Ninth International Conference onAntennas and Propagation (Conf. Publ. No.407).1995:265-268.
[130] Akhavan H. G. and Mirshekar-Syahkal D. Approximate Model for Microstrip Fed SlotAntennas. Electronics Letters.1994,30(23):1902-1903.
[131] Caloz C., Okabe H., and Iwai T., et al. A Simple and Accurate Model for MicrostripStructures with Slotted Ground Plane. IEEE Microwave and Wireless ComponentsLetters,2004,14(3):127-129.
[132] Lei Z. and Ke W. Complete Circuit Model of Microstrip-Fed Slot Radiator: Theory andExperiments. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,1999,9(8):305-307.
[133] Kai Y. and Ke-Li W. Generalized Partial-Element Equivalent-Circuit Analysis forPlanar Circuits with Slotted Ground. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques,2009,57(7):1734-1742.
[134] Jan J. Y. and Su J. W. Bandwidth Enhancement of a Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with aRotated Slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(6):2111-2114.
[135] Sadat S., Fardis M., and Geran F., et al. A Compact Microstrip Square-Ring SlotAntenna for UWB Applications. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER67,2007:173–179.
[136] Chaimool S., Kerdsumang S., and Akkraeakthalin P., et al. A Broadband CPW-FedSquare Slot Antenna Using Loading Metallic Strips and a Widened Tuning Stub. IEEERegion10Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON. Chiang Mai,Thailand.2004: C539-C542.
[137] Jang Y. W. Wide-Band T-Shaped Microstrip-Fed Twin-Slot Array Antenna. ETRIJournal.2001,23(1):33-38.
[138] Yao F. W., Zhong S. S., and Wang W., et al. Wideband Slot Antenna with a NovelMicrostrip Feed. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,46(3):275-278.
[139] Chair R., Kishk A. A., and Lee K. F. Ultrawide-Band Coplanar Waveguide-FedRectangular Slot Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2004,3(1):227-229.
[140] Gibbins D., Klemm M., and Craddock I. J., et al. A Comparison of a Wide-Slot and aStacked Patch Antenna for the Purpose of Breast Cancer Detection. IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation.2010,58(3):665-674.
[141] Kim M. K., Kim K., and Suh Y. H., et al. A T-Shaped Microstrip-Line-Fed Wide SlotAntenna. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2000:1500-1503.
[142] Sze J. Y. and Wong K. L. Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip-Line-Fed PrintedWide-Slot Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2001,49(7):1020-1024.
[143] Chen H. D. Broadband CPW-Fed Square Slot Antennas with a Widened Tuning Stub.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2003,51(8):1982-1986.
[144] Jang Y. W. Experimental Study of Large Bandwidth Three-Offset Microstripline-FedSlot Antenna. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2001,11(10):425-427.
[145] Huang C. Y., Tsai C. C., and Kuo J. S. Slot Antenna for Ultra-WidebandCommunications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(3):616-617.
[146] Yoon J. H. Wideband-Modified Bow-Tie Slot Antenna with a U-Shaped Tuning Stub.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2011,53(1):23-28.
[147] Dastranj A., Imani A., and Naser Moghaddasi M. Printed Wide-Slot Antenna forWideband Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2008,56(10):3097-3102.
[148] Cheng S., Hallbjorner P., and Rydberg A. Printed Slot Planar Inverted Cone Antennafor Ultrawideband Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2008,7:18-21.
[149] Chen W. F., Tsai C. C., and Huang C. Y. Compact Wide-Slot Antenna forUltra-Wideband Communications. Electronics Letters.2008,44(15):892-893.
[150] Lien H. C., Lee Y. C., and Lee W. F., et al. Microstrip Slot Antenna with a FiniteGround Plane for3.1-10.6GHz Ultra Wideband Communication. PIERS Proceedings,Beijing China.2009:1438-1441.
[151] Chang D. C., Liu J. C., and Liu M. Y. Improved U-Shaped Stub Rectangular SlotAntenna with Tuning Pad for UWB Applications. Electronics Letters.2005,41(20):1095-1097.
[152] Dissanayake T. and Esselle K. P. UWB Performance of Compact L-Shaped Wide SlotAntennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2008,56(4):1183-1187.
[153] Jan J. Y. and Wang L. C. Printed Wideband Rhombus Slot Antenna with a Pair ofParasitic Strips for Multiband Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation.2009,57(4PART2):1267-1270.
[154] Jan J. Y. and Kao J. C. Novel Printed Wide-Band Rhombus-Like Slot Antenna with anOffset Microstrip-Fed Line. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2007,6:249-251.
[155] Sharma S. K., Shafai L., and Jacob N. Investigation of Wide-Band Microstrip SlotAntenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2004,52(3):865-872.
[156] Latif S. I., Shafai L., and Sharma S. K. Bandwidth Enhancement and Size Reduction ofMicrostrip Slot Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2005,53(3):994-1003.
[157] Song K., Yin Y. Z., and Chen B., et al. Bandwidth Enhancement Design of CompactUWB Step-Slot Antenna with Rotated Patch. Progress In Electromagnetics Research.2011,22:39-45.
[158] Krishna D. D., Gopikrishna M., and Aanandan C. K., et al. Compact Wideband KochFractal Printed Slot Antenna. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.2009,3(5):782-789.
[159] Chen W. L., Wang G. M., and Zhang C. X. Bandwidth Enhancement of aMicrostrip-Line-Fed Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with a Fractal-Shaped Slot. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation.2009,57(7):2176-2179.
[160] Courant R. Variational Methods for the Solution of the Problems of Equilibrium andVibrations. Bull. Am. Math. Soc.1943,49:1-23.
[161]谢拥军，刘莹，李磊. HFSS原理与工程应用.北京市:科学出版社,2009.
[162] Ansoft Corporation. HFSS Online Help.
[163]王尔杰译，哈林顿著.计算电磁场的矩量法.北京市:国防工业出版社,1981.
[164] Ansoft Corporation. Ansoft Designer Help.
[165] Kumar G. and Ray K. P. Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Inc. Boston.: Artech House,2003.
[166] Munson R. Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip Phased Arrays. IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,1974,22(1):74-78.
[167] Wong K. L. and Chiou T. W. Finite Ground Plane Effects on Broad-Band DualPolarized Patch Antenna Properties. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(4):903-904.
[168]汪茂光等.阵列天线分析与综合.成都市:电子科技大学出版社,1989.
[169] Huebner D. Design and Optimization of Small Concentric Ring Arrays. Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium,1978.1978:455-458.
[170] Ren X. S. and Yin Y. Z. Design of Two-Ring Uniform Concentric Circular MicrostripArray Antenna at5.8GHz.20109th International Symposium on AntennasPropagation and EM Theory (ISAPE), Guangzhou.2010:363-366.
[171] Mailloux R. J. and Ebrary I. Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Artech House,2005.
[172] Son S., Jeon S., and Kim C., et al. GA-Based Design of Multi-Ring Arrays withOmnidirectional Conical Beam Pattern. IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,2010,58(5):1527-1535.
[173]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.北京:人民邮电出版社,1976.
[174] Chen Z. N., Ammann M. J., and Chia M. Y. W. Broadband Square Annular PlanarMonopoles. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,36(6):449-454.
[175] Song C. T. P., Hall P. S., and Ghafouri-Shiraz H. Multiband Multiple Ring MonopoleAntennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(4):722-729.
[176] Deodhar K., Baxi P., and Naik A., et al. Printed Annular Ring Monopole Antenna forUWB Application. IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices,2007. PORTABLE07.2007:1-5.
[177] Gao Y., Ooi B., and Popov A. P. Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Ring-MonopoleAntenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2006,48(1):125-126.
[178] Ghosh S. Band-Notched Modified Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for UltrawidebandApplications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2010,9:276-279.
[179] Hong S., Shin J., and Park H., et al. Analysis of the Band-Stop Techniques forUltrawideband Antenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(5):1058-1062.
[180] Kang Y., Chiu C., and Deng S. A New Planar Circular Disc-and-Ring MonopoleAntenna for UMTS/UWB Dual-Network Applications. Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters.2006,48(12):2396-2399.
[181] Liang J., Chiau C. C., and Chen X., et al. Printed Circular Ring Monopole Antennas.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,45(5):372-375.
[182] Wang F., Yang X., and Zhang J., et al. A Band-Notched Ring Monoplole Antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2008,50(7):1882-1884.
[183] Liu W. C. Compact Microstrip-Line-Fed Ring Monopole Antenna with Tuning Stripfor5GHz WLAN Operation. Electronics Letters.2005,41(15):831-832.
[184] Dissanayake T., Esselle K., and Ge Y. A Printed Triangular-Ring Antenna with a2:1Bandwidth. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2005,44(1):51-53.
[185] Cumhur Basaran S. and E. Erdemli Y. A Dual-Band Split-Ring Monopole Antenna forWLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2009,51(11):2685-2688.
[186]章文勋译，约翰克劳斯著.天线（第三版）.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[187] Garg R., Bhartia P., and Bahl I., et al. Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Norwood:artech house,2000.
[188] Chen H. Triple-Band Triangular-Shaped Meander Monopole Antenna with TwoCoupled Lines. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2003,37(3):232-234.
[189] Wu C., Chiu C., and Hsu C. A New Nonuniform Meandered and Fork-Type GroundedAntenna for Triple-Band WLAN Applications. IEEE Antennas and WirelessPropagation Letters,2006,5(1):346-348.
[190] Ham C., Baik J., and Kim Y. CPW-Fed Compact Meander and L-Shape MonopoleAntenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications. Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters.2008,50(12):3147-3149.
[191] The N. C. and Jing-Hae J. Meandered T-Shaped Monopole Antenna. IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(12):3976-3978.
[192] Zhang L., Zhong S., and Liang X., et al. Compact Meander Monopole Antenna forTri-Band WLAN Application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters.2007,49(4):986-988.
[193] Lau K. L. and Luk K. M. A Novel Wide-Band Circularly Polarized Patch AntennaBased on L-Probe and Aperture-Coupling Techniques. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation,2005,53(1):577-582.
[194] Guo Y. X., Bian L., and Shi X. Q. Broadband Circularly Polarized Annular-RingMicrostrip Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2009,57(8):2474-2477.
[195] Song K., Yin Y. Z., and Fan S. T., et al. Compact Open-Ended L-Shaped Slot Antennawith Asymmetrical Rectangular Patch for UWB Applications. Progress InElectromagnetics Research C.2011,19:235-243..