电力零售市场研究
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摘要
赋予用户供电选择权实现电力零售竞争是开展电力改革国家的共同选择。我国的电力体制改革刚刚起步，电力零售市场还是有待研究的新课题。本文以电力零售市场的研究为中心，从电力零售对家庭用户负荷管理的影响、电力零售对自动化系统的新要求、电力零售对分散发电的促进等方面论述了建立电力零售市场的意义。电力零售竞争使得家庭自动化系统、电力供应商客户服务中心自动化系统、各种分散式发电技术蓬勃发展，电力生产商、电力经销商和电力用户的积极参与使电力零售市场成为充满公平竞争的商品市场。
文章首先提出了完备的电力零售市场涵盖的主要研究内容，重点研究了电力零售市场上不同市场成员的职能。通过分析电力零售转运的过程及零售电价的构成，研究了电力零售合同中的可谈判内容。论证了电力零售市场上电力营销对电力供应商的重要作用，给出了制定优惠电价的一般策略。从宏观上建立起以竞争为核心的电力零售市场的完整概念。
在电力供应商灵活的电价策略下，家庭用户将会对电力零售作出积极响应。文章研究了家庭智能自动化系统的功能及实现方案，家庭能量管理系统的实现使得需求侧管理在电力零售市场环境下体现了更高的价值。为家庭服务的自动化系统将在电力零售市场上发挥重要作用。
电力零售市场对现有的电网自动化系统提出了改进要求。文章研究了电力零售市场环境下电网计量和抄表系统、负荷管理系统和配电自动化系统的新变化，提出了电力供应商客户服务中心自动化系统的功能和配置方案，分析了电力零售市场上各自动化系统之间的相互关系。电力供应商和配电公司的自动化系统将对电力零售市场的良好运做起到至关重要的作用。
电力零售市场为各种分散式发电的发展带来了生机。分散式发电将对配电系统的控制、运行、规划等各方面产生显著影响。文章介绍了风力发电、太阳能发电、燃料电池发电、微型燃气轮机发电的最新进展，研究了基于分散式发电的分散供电系统，并用实际算例验证了包含分散式发电的供电系统可以显著提高供电可靠性。
随着我国电力体制改革的进行，建立在完全自动化基础上的电力零售市场一定能够实现。
It has become a common practice for the countries, which have carried out electric power industry reformation, that giving end-user right to freely choose energy provider. Due to its very beginning in China, the retail electricity market is still a new task to be studied. This paper focuses on three topics to discuss its great significance, that is, the influence on home load management, the new requirement for automation systems and the boost on Distributed Generation (DG) resulting from electric power retail competition. The Home Automation System (HAS), energy provider's consumer service center automation system and all kinds of DG technologies will make great progress in the retail electricity market. The retail electricity market will eventually become a true commodity market full of fair competition due to energy producer, energy provider and end-user's actively participation.
This paper outlines main contents of retail electricity market to be studied at first. Then, the participants' different roles in the market environment are paid more attention. The negotiation contents in the retail contract are summarized through analyzing the process of electricity retail wheeling and the sale power price composing. The importance of electric power marketing is discussed and the general strategy of designing favorable price is put forward. As a result, the concept of retail electricity market is built up completely.
End-users will response actively to the energy provider's flexible price strategy. So this paper makes a study on HAS' functions and configuration scheme. The Demand Side Management (DSM) will embody much high value due to the HAS and the HAS will bring into important play in the retail electricity market.
Power grid automation system needs to be updated in the new environment. This paper explores their new characteristics of Metering and Reading System, Load Management System and Distribution Automation System, brings forwards energy provider's consumer service center automation system's functions and configuration scheme, analyzes their correlation among automation systems in the market. The energy provider automation system will play a very important role on the normal operation of retail electricity market.
Retail electricity market brings vitality for the development of all kinds of DG. DG will do much impact on the control, operation, planning of distribution systems. This paper introduces their newly technological development such as wind generation, solar cell, fuel cell and micro-turbine. Further more, some distributed energy systems with DG are explored and a real case of that is studied. It can be concluded that the distributed energy system with DG has enhanced much its reliability.
文章首先提出了完备的电力零售市场涵盖的主要研究内容，重点研究了电力零售市场上不同市场成员的职能。通过分析电力零售转运的过程及零售电价的构成，研究了电力零售合同中的可谈判内容。论证了电力零售市场上电力营销对电力供应商的重要作用，给出了制定优惠电价的一般策略。从宏观上建立起以竞争为核心的电力零售市场的完整概念。
在电力供应商灵活的电价策略下，家庭用户将会对电力零售作出积极响应。文章研究了家庭智能自动化系统的功能及实现方案，家庭能量管理系统的实现使得需求侧管理在电力零售市场环境下体现了更高的价值。为家庭服务的自动化系统将在电力零售市场上发挥重要作用。
电力零售市场对现有的电网自动化系统提出了改进要求。文章研究了电力零售市场环境下电网计量和抄表系统、负荷管理系统和配电自动化系统的新变化，提出了电力供应商客户服务中心自动化系统的功能和配置方案，分析了电力零售市场上各自动化系统之间的相互关系。电力供应商和配电公司的自动化系统将对电力零售市场的良好运做起到至关重要的作用。
电力零售市场为各种分散式发电的发展带来了生机。分散式发电将对配电系统的控制、运行、规划等各方面产生显著影响。文章介绍了风力发电、太阳能发电、燃料电池发电、微型燃气轮机发电的最新进展，研究了基于分散式发电的分散供电系统，并用实际算例验证了包含分散式发电的供电系统可以显著提高供电可靠性。
随着我国电力体制改革的进行，建立在完全自动化基础上的电力零售市场一定能够实现。
It has become a common practice for the countries, which have carried out electric power industry reformation, that giving end-user right to freely choose energy provider. Due to its very beginning in China, the retail electricity market is still a new task to be studied. This paper focuses on three topics to discuss its great significance, that is, the influence on home load management, the new requirement for automation systems and the boost on Distributed Generation (DG) resulting from electric power retail competition. The Home Automation System (HAS), energy provider's consumer service center automation system and all kinds of DG technologies will make great progress in the retail electricity market. The retail electricity market will eventually become a true commodity market full of fair competition due to energy producer, energy provider and end-user's actively participation.
This paper outlines main contents of retail electricity market to be studied at first. Then, the participants' different roles in the market environment are paid more attention. The negotiation contents in the retail contract are summarized through analyzing the process of electricity retail wheeling and the sale power price composing. The importance of electric power marketing is discussed and the general strategy of designing favorable price is put forward. As a result, the concept of retail electricity market is built up completely.
End-users will response actively to the energy provider's flexible price strategy. So this paper makes a study on HAS' functions and configuration scheme. The Demand Side Management (DSM) will embody much high value due to the HAS and the HAS will bring into important play in the retail electricity market.
Power grid automation system needs to be updated in the new environment. This paper explores their new characteristics of Metering and Reading System, Load Management System and Distribution Automation System, brings forwards energy provider's consumer service center automation system's functions and configuration scheme, analyzes their correlation among automation systems in the market. The energy provider automation system will play a very important role on the normal operation of retail electricity market.
Retail electricity market brings vitality for the development of all kinds of DG. DG will do much impact on the control, operation, planning of distribution systems. This paper introduces their newly technological development such as wind generation, solar cell, fuel cell and micro-turbine. Further more, some distributed energy systems with DG are explored and a real case of that is studied. It can be concluded that the distributed energy system with DG has enhanced much its reliability.
引文
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