户用光伏建筑一体化发电系统及太阳能半导体照明技术研究
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摘要
户用光伏建筑一体化是应用太阳能发电的新热点，具有节约占地，减少输电线路的投资和损失，替代或部分替代建筑材料等优点。本工作是在国家十五科技攻关项目“广东户用光伏建筑一体化工程的设计与示范”和“采用光伏电源的半导体照明系统研发”的资助下完成的。主要是对户用光伏建筑化的一些关键问题进行了研究，特别是首次对广州地区的户用光伏建筑一体化中朝向和倾角对光伏阵列的产能影响进行了详尽的理论和实验研究，为在广州地区发展太阳能并网发电提供了理论和实验支持，并且建立了广州地区第一个光伏并网发电系统，为户用光伏建筑一体化研究提供了良好的实验平台。
一、通过倾斜面上太阳辐照量计算模型和电池组件电学模型，分析光伏阵列的朝向和倾角对并网系统产能的影响，结果发现：在广州地区，当光伏阵列朝向正南19°倾角时，并网发电系统中有最大的年产出电能，而当阵列朝向偏离正南时，需要减小阵列的倾角来增加光伏阵列的年产出电能；并网发电系统中，高纬度地区光伏阵列朝向对阵列产电的影响较低纬度地区更明显。
二、朝向和倾角对光伏阵列性能影响的实验研究表明：朝向正南不同倾角太阳电池组件月平均产出电能的总体趋势与模型计算分析的结果很接近；水平布置以及小倾角布置时，灰尘、雨水等因素对光伏阵列产能有较大的影响。
三、在光伏屋顶和光伏长廊建设中的户用光伏并网发电系统的设计、太阳电池组件在不同风格建筑上安装施工规范和技术要求进行了总结。
四、光伏屋顶和光伏长廊户用光伏并网发电系统自从安装之后一直工作正常，没有发生任何异常情况。对光伏屋顶和光伏长廊户用光伏并网发电系统进行了理论和实验分析，结论如下：
(1) 对光伏屋顶的光伏阵列实际工作条件下的性能进行了测试，结果可以发现：影响光伏阵列最大输出功率的主要因素是太阳辐照度；光伏阵列的转换效率
With Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), photovoltaic material becomes an integral part of the building: the walls, roof, and vision glass. Sunlight falling on the photovoltaic components creates electricity. Both the building owner and the utility benefit with grid-tied BIPV. The on-site production of solar electricity is typically greatest at or near the time of a building's and the utility's peak loads. The solar contribution reduces energy costs for the building owner while the exported solar electricity helps support the utility grid during the time of its greatest demand.
The experimental and theoretical investigations of the effect of tilt angle and orientation on performance of PV array in BIPV at Guangzhou have been done. The first grid-tied PV system at Guangzhou has been built, and it can provide a good experiment station for research. This work was supported by the National Technologies R&D Program during the 10th Five Year Plan Period in China.
Here lists the main work:
Ⅰ.By mathematic models for PV module and models for the estimating the hourly irradiation on the module slope plane, the performance of PV module has been investigated theoretically at different tilt angles and orientations. As a result, it is found that the optimum tilt angle and orientation of the PV array are 19° and south facing for grid-tied PV system at Guangzhou; the orientation may affect more obvious in high latitude than in low latitude.
Ⅱ. The experiment investigations of the effect of tilt angle and orientation on performance of PV array shows that the effects on the energy yield and the performance of the PV array are almost similar with the result of theoretical calculations; at actual condition, the water fall and dust storms are quite considerable for PV modules mounted with small tilt angles.
Ⅲ. Making a summary of the design and construction regulation of the PV Roof and PV Hallway BIPV systems built in Solar system research institute of Sun Yat-SEN University, Guangzhou.
Ⅳ.The PV Roof and PV Hallway BIPV systems have run for several month, and there is not any problem for them.
一、通过倾斜面上太阳辐照量计算模型和电池组件电学模型，分析光伏阵列的朝向和倾角对并网系统产能的影响，结果发现：在广州地区，当光伏阵列朝向正南19°倾角时，并网发电系统中有最大的年产出电能，而当阵列朝向偏离正南时，需要减小阵列的倾角来增加光伏阵列的年产出电能；并网发电系统中，高纬度地区光伏阵列朝向对阵列产电的影响较低纬度地区更明显。
二、朝向和倾角对光伏阵列性能影响的实验研究表明：朝向正南不同倾角太阳电池组件月平均产出电能的总体趋势与模型计算分析的结果很接近；水平布置以及小倾角布置时，灰尘、雨水等因素对光伏阵列产能有较大的影响。
三、在光伏屋顶和光伏长廊建设中的户用光伏并网发电系统的设计、太阳电池组件在不同风格建筑上安装施工规范和技术要求进行了总结。
四、光伏屋顶和光伏长廊户用光伏并网发电系统自从安装之后一直工作正常，没有发生任何异常情况。对光伏屋顶和光伏长廊户用光伏并网发电系统进行了理论和实验分析，结论如下：
(1) 对光伏屋顶的光伏阵列实际工作条件下的性能进行了测试，结果可以发现：影响光伏阵列最大输出功率的主要因素是太阳辐照度；光伏阵列的转换效率
With Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), photovoltaic material becomes an integral part of the building: the walls, roof, and vision glass. Sunlight falling on the photovoltaic components creates electricity. Both the building owner and the utility benefit with grid-tied BIPV. The on-site production of solar electricity is typically greatest at or near the time of a building's and the utility's peak loads. The solar contribution reduces energy costs for the building owner while the exported solar electricity helps support the utility grid during the time of its greatest demand.
The experimental and theoretical investigations of the effect of tilt angle and orientation on performance of PV array in BIPV at Guangzhou have been done. The first grid-tied PV system at Guangzhou has been built, and it can provide a good experiment station for research. This work was supported by the National Technologies R&D Program during the 10th Five Year Plan Period in China.
Here lists the main work:
Ⅰ.By mathematic models for PV module and models for the estimating the hourly irradiation on the module slope plane, the performance of PV module has been investigated theoretically at different tilt angles and orientations. As a result, it is found that the optimum tilt angle and orientation of the PV array are 19° and south facing for grid-tied PV system at Guangzhou; the orientation may affect more obvious in high latitude than in low latitude.
Ⅱ. The experiment investigations of the effect of tilt angle and orientation on performance of PV array shows that the effects on the energy yield and the performance of the PV array are almost similar with the result of theoretical calculations; at actual condition, the water fall and dust storms are quite considerable for PV modules mounted with small tilt angles.
Ⅲ. Making a summary of the design and construction regulation of the PV Roof and PV Hallway BIPV systems built in Solar system research institute of Sun Yat-SEN University, Guangzhou.
Ⅳ.The PV Roof and PV Hallway BIPV systems have run for several month, and there is not any problem for them.
引文
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[3] www.pvpower.com
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[6] 沈辉，曾祖勤．太阳能光伏发电技术．北京：化学工业出版社，2005，9
[7] 沈辉，舒碧芬，闻立时．我国太阳能光伏产业的发展机遇与战略对策．电池，2005(35)：430
[8] 赵玉文，崔容强．我国太阳能光伏产业现状及发展．2003年中国太阳能学会学术年会论文集．上海，2003：9
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