多Agent技术在电力系统中的应用研究
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摘要
随着电网规模的不断扩大和电力工业的改革，电网对继电保护的要求也越来越高，系统之间的配合也显得更为重要。另外，随着可再生能源技术的飞速发展，风力／太阳能互补发电系统以其清洁和环保得到了越来越广泛的应用。但是，由于风能、太阳能和负荷功率变化的随机性，如何设计一个互补发电场的能量管理系统，对各供电设备实施有效的控制，以满足负荷的需要，并保持供／用电的功率平衡，进而保持本电网的稳定，是应用风力／太阳能互补发电所要解决的主要问题。为此，本论文围绕这两个问题展开了研究和探讨，提出多Agent技术在电力系统中实现输电线路保护和风力／太阳能互补发电场能量管理系统的新思路和新方法。论文主要研究内容如下：
(1)论文首先阐述了电力系统继电保护和风力／太阳能互补发电场能量管理系统的研究历史和现状，综述了多Agent技术在继电保护和电力系统应用中取得的成果，明确了课题的研究意义和研究内容。
(2)根据输电线路保护系统的特点，提出了一种适用于线路保护的混合型Agent理论模型，并详细介绍了该Agent各模块的功能。因为要求反应模块的响应时间非常短，所以将保护Agent的反应模块设计成一RBF神经网络，使得Agent可以对区内故障迅速做出反应。最后通过计算机仿真验证了所提出混合型保护Agent能够较好的满足继电保护的要求。
(3)提出了基于多Agent技术的输电线路保护方案，详细讨论了保护系统的体系结构、任务执行机制和决策过程。该保护方案的基本原理是将每台断路器配置的保护单元视为能独立完成保护任务的Agent，通过多Agent的交互和合作，达成各保护单元的协同和配合，实现输电线路保护的目的。最后通过数字仿真证明了该方案的有效性。
(4)探讨了互补发电场直流母线电压越限情况下，风力／太阳能互补发电场能量优化管理方法。设计了能量管理Agent的理论模型和管理系统的体系结构，将广播通信方式和合同网的协作策略应用于互补发电场能量管理系统中多Agent的协调；通过智能微粒群算法给出了电压越限情况下最优控制序列。仿真结果表明，该能量管理系统能够对互补发电场实施较好的管理和控制，将直流母线电压限制在容许的范围内。
论文最后对本研究工作取得的成果及不足进行分析和综合，并说明有待于进一步研究的问题。
Nowadays, innovation of electric power industry and interconnecting network make power system engineers pay more attention to protection relay system. Cooperation and collaboration of system become more and more important. In addition, with the development of renewable technology, renewable hybrid power systems are growing rapidly because of their cleanness. Because of the random changing of wind power, solar energy and load, the application of hybrid power system is very difficult. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on designing a energy management system of the hybrid power system, which can control electric devices effectively, so as to meet the requirement of load and keep the balance between power supply and demand and then keep the stabilization of the electrical network. As the chief dissertation, a new scheme of protection relay of transmission and energy management of hybrid system based on multi-agent system (MAS) theory is proposed and studied systematically. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
The dissertation firstly generalizes an overview of the history and current status of the research on protection relay and energy management of hybrid system. At the same time, it summarizes the theories and techniques of MAS and their applications to fields of protection and power system. The purpose and significance of the projects is also introduced.
A hybrid agent structure is proposed based on the characteristic of transmission protection. The function of each element is introduced in detail. Because short corresponding time is required, the reactive module is designed as a RBF network. Then it can react rapidly to faults within the protection area. Simulation results show this scheme is able to satisfy the demand of protection relay.
A transmission protection relay system based on multi-agent is proposed. The configuration, operating mechanism and decision-making process of the transmission protection system are described in detail. In the proposed protection scheme, protection unit of each circuit-breaker is represented as an execution agent, who works either independently or coordinately to fulfill the transmission protection. The simulation results on the test systems are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme.
Chapter 5 of this paper concerns with cooperation and optimization of the MAS-based energy management of hybrid power system. The energy management agent's structure and the whole system's configuration are proposed. Broadcast and contract net are introduced to realize coordination and cooperation among management agents. A particle swarm optimization search algorithm is presented and applied to find the optimal control sequence for abnormal voltage control of DC bus.
At the end of this dissertation, main results of the research are summarized and the further studies are prospected.
(1)论文首先阐述了电力系统继电保护和风力／太阳能互补发电场能量管理系统的研究历史和现状，综述了多Agent技术在继电保护和电力系统应用中取得的成果，明确了课题的研究意义和研究内容。
(2)根据输电线路保护系统的特点，提出了一种适用于线路保护的混合型Agent理论模型，并详细介绍了该Agent各模块的功能。因为要求反应模块的响应时间非常短，所以将保护Agent的反应模块设计成一RBF神经网络，使得Agent可以对区内故障迅速做出反应。最后通过计算机仿真验证了所提出混合型保护Agent能够较好的满足继电保护的要求。
(3)提出了基于多Agent技术的输电线路保护方案，详细讨论了保护系统的体系结构、任务执行机制和决策过程。该保护方案的基本原理是将每台断路器配置的保护单元视为能独立完成保护任务的Agent，通过多Agent的交互和合作，达成各保护单元的协同和配合，实现输电线路保护的目的。最后通过数字仿真证明了该方案的有效性。
(4)探讨了互补发电场直流母线电压越限情况下，风力／太阳能互补发电场能量优化管理方法。设计了能量管理Agent的理论模型和管理系统的体系结构，将广播通信方式和合同网的协作策略应用于互补发电场能量管理系统中多Agent的协调；通过智能微粒群算法给出了电压越限情况下最优控制序列。仿真结果表明，该能量管理系统能够对互补发电场实施较好的管理和控制，将直流母线电压限制在容许的范围内。
论文最后对本研究工作取得的成果及不足进行分析和综合，并说明有待于进一步研究的问题。
Nowadays, innovation of electric power industry and interconnecting network make power system engineers pay more attention to protection relay system. Cooperation and collaboration of system become more and more important. In addition, with the development of renewable technology, renewable hybrid power systems are growing rapidly because of their cleanness. Because of the random changing of wind power, solar energy and load, the application of hybrid power system is very difficult. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on designing a energy management system of the hybrid power system, which can control electric devices effectively, so as to meet the requirement of load and keep the balance between power supply and demand and then keep the stabilization of the electrical network. As the chief dissertation, a new scheme of protection relay of transmission and energy management of hybrid system based on multi-agent system (MAS) theory is proposed and studied systematically. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:
The dissertation firstly generalizes an overview of the history and current status of the research on protection relay and energy management of hybrid system. At the same time, it summarizes the theories and techniques of MAS and their applications to fields of protection and power system. The purpose and significance of the projects is also introduced.
A hybrid agent structure is proposed based on the characteristic of transmission protection. The function of each element is introduced in detail. Because short corresponding time is required, the reactive module is designed as a RBF network. Then it can react rapidly to faults within the protection area. Simulation results show this scheme is able to satisfy the demand of protection relay.
A transmission protection relay system based on multi-agent is proposed. The configuration, operating mechanism and decision-making process of the transmission protection system are described in detail. In the proposed protection scheme, protection unit of each circuit-breaker is represented as an execution agent, who works either independently or coordinately to fulfill the transmission protection. The simulation results on the test systems are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme.
Chapter 5 of this paper concerns with cooperation and optimization of the MAS-based energy management of hybrid power system. The energy management agent's structure and the whole system's configuration are proposed. Broadcast and contract net are introduced to realize coordination and cooperation among management agents. A particle swarm optimization search algorithm is presented and applied to find the optimal control sequence for abnormal voltage control of DC bus.
At the end of this dissertation, main results of the research are summarized and the further studies are prospected.
引文
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