内插管式全玻璃真空管空气集热器性能研究
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摘要
本文在对国内外平板空气集热器和真空管集热器调研的基础上，确立了内插管式空气集热器的基本结构，搭建了实验台，并在冷态和自然辐照条件下实验和理论研究了内插管式空气集热器的性能。
具体工作如下：
分别在冷态条件和自然辐照条件下实验研究了不同插管结构对阻力和热性能的影响，得出了使集热器传热与阻力性能最佳的插管尺寸。
建立了集流系统的流量分配模型，通过计算确定了真空管集热器集流系统的尺寸。
在自然辐照条件下测试了内插管式空气集热器的时间常数、瞬态效率，得到了不同流量下的瞬态效率方程。
最后本文在分析现有的集热器测试标准和实验基础上，建立了一个真空管空气集热器的测试标准文本文件。
The thermal and flow performance of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors was investigated on this paper. A elementary configuration was determined for feed-tube solar air heater. The heat transfer and flow mechanism was studied experimentally and analytically using air as the working fluid.
The influence of geometric parameter of the feed tube was studied experimentally, a optimal size was found for the best performance.
A discreet hydrodynamic model was used to determine the flow distribution in a parallel-reverse solar collector. The size of manifolds was determined by calculation.
The time constant and instantaneous efficiency of the feed-tube solar air heater were tested on the solar irradiance.
The equation for instantaneous efficiency was obtained at the different flow rate.
At last, through studying the corresponding testing standard, a standard text for testing the thermal performance of evacuated air heater was put forward based on experiment.
具体工作如下：
分别在冷态条件和自然辐照条件下实验研究了不同插管结构对阻力和热性能的影响，得出了使集热器传热与阻力性能最佳的插管尺寸。
建立了集流系统的流量分配模型，通过计算确定了真空管集热器集流系统的尺寸。
在自然辐照条件下测试了内插管式空气集热器的时间常数、瞬态效率，得到了不同流量下的瞬态效率方程。
最后本文在分析现有的集热器测试标准和实验基础上，建立了一个真空管空气集热器的测试标准文本文件。
The thermal and flow performance of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors was investigated on this paper. A elementary configuration was determined for feed-tube solar air heater. The heat transfer and flow mechanism was studied experimentally and analytically using air as the working fluid.
The influence of geometric parameter of the feed tube was studied experimentally, a optimal size was found for the best performance.
A discreet hydrodynamic model was used to determine the flow distribution in a parallel-reverse solar collector. The size of manifolds was determined by calculation.
The time constant and instantaneous efficiency of the feed-tube solar air heater were tested on the solar irradiance.
The equation for instantaneous efficiency was obtained at the different flow rate.
At last, through studying the corresponding testing standard, a standard text for testing the thermal performance of evacuated air heater was put forward based on experiment.
引文
(1) 李申生，广义太阳能和狭义太阳能，太阳能，2003，3，5-5
(2) Tabor. H, Convection and conduction coefficients in solar collectors, Bulletin of the research concil of Isreal, Vol. 6C, p. 155
(3) Rabl. A, Active solar collectors and their application, Oxford university press, 1985
(4) 葛新石，龚堡，陆维德，王义方，太阳能工程—原理与应用，学术期刊出版社，1988
(5) Rhee. S.L and Edwards. D.K, Comparision of test result for flat plate, transpired flat plate, corrugated and transpired corrugated solar air heater, ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. PP. 105-231 1983
(6) Jone. G.F and Shaw. L.E, Develepment of a high performance air heater through use of an evacuated tube cover design, In Proc. Of AS of ISES Annual Meeting .Phoenix, AZ, Vol. 3.1, pp. 433.1980
(7) Alben. R. and Hardcastle. K Theoeretical and experiment study of an air collector with an evacuated tube cover. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 103, pp251
(8) Herrk. C.S, An air cooled solar collectorusing all cylindrical element in a low loss body, solar energy 30:127,1983
(9) Hollands. K. G. T, Honeycomb devices in flat plate solar collectors, solar energy 9:159,1965
(10) Buchberg. H and Edwards. K.K, Design consideration for solar collection with cylindrical glass honeycomb, solar enery 18:193,1976
(11) Meyer. B.A, EL-Wakil. M.M and Michill. J.W, Nature convection heat transfer in small and moderate aspect ratio encloseure-an application to flat plate collectors, In F. Kreith. r, Boech. J and R. Bannerot(eds),Thermal storage and heat transfer in solar energy system, New York:ASME 1978
(12) Felland. J.R and Edwards. D.K, Solar and infrared radirtion properties of parallel-plate honeycomb, solar energy 2:309,1978
(13) Hollands. K.G.T and Shewen. E.C, Optimization of flow passage geometry for air-heating plate type solar collector, ASME J. solar energy Eng 103:323,1981
(14) Hollands. K.G.T, Marshell. K.N and Weberl. R.K, An approximate equation for predicting the solar transmittances of transparent honeycombs, solar energy 21:231,1978
(15) 罗棣庵，韩钟礼，夹层内空气自由运动放热的研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．3，pp20-28，1980
(16) 陈则韵，葛新石，确定对流热损失小的平板集热器空气夹层最佳艰巨的理论和实验研究，太阳能学报，vol．6，no．3，pp437-506，1985
(17) 张诗针，蜂窝结构太阳能集热器的理论集实验研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．3，pp252-260，1982
(18) 李戬洪，太阳能学报，特刊，1999
(19) B. Window, Heat extraction from single ended glass absorber tubes, solar energy, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 159-166,1983
(20) Yin Zhiqiang, Harding.G.L and Windows. B, Water-in-glass manifords for heat extraction from evacuated solar collector tubes, solar energy 32, pp223-230,1984
(21) R. schmid, R. ecollins, B.A. pailthorpe, Heat transport in dewar-type evacuated tublar collectors, solar energy, vol. 45, no 5, pp291-300,1990
(22) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅰ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),377-386
(23) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅱ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),387-394.
(24) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅲ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),395-399
(25) 李曾豫、殷志强、刘学臣，全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器的应用，太阳能1997，2
(26) 孙宏伟，全玻璃真空管空气集热器流动与传热的实验研究及数值模拟，中科院工程热物理所，1998，6
(27) 王志峰，全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器热性能实验方法研究，太阳能学报，Vol．22，No．2，2001
(28) 王志峰、Sun Hongwei，全玻璃真空管空气集热器管内流动与换热的数值模拟，太阳能学报，Vol．22，No．1，2001
(29) 王补宣，工程传热传质学，北京，科学出版社，2002
(30) 王启杰，对流传热传质分析，西安，西安交通大学出版社，1990
(31) 周爱平，过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析，焦作工学院学报，vol．19，no．1，2000
(32) 周馍仁，流体力学泵与风机，北京，中国建筑工业出版社
(33) J.P. Chiou, The Effect of Nonuniform Flow Distribution On The Thermal Performance Of Solar Collector, Solar Energy, vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 487-502,1982
(34) 袁益超、陈之航，单相流体在锅炉并联管组中流量分配规律研究，华东工业大学学报，vol．17，No．3，1995
(35) R.A. Bajura and E.H.Jone, Flow Distribution Manifold, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Trans. ASME 1976,98,654-666
(36) 赵镇南，摩擦阻力对分流和汇流联箱流量特性影响，石油化工设备，vol．30，No．5，2001
(37) 王峻晔、张明川、吴东棣，锅炉分配集箱速度分布对流量分配的影响，中国电机工程学报，vol．19，No．5，1999
(38) 王恩禄、田子平、廖正清，分配集箱静压分布参数C_f值的理论分析，动力工程，vol 17．No．3，1997
(39) 罗永浩，单相流体在并联管组分配集箱中流动机理的研究，动力工程，vol．8，No2，pp31-36，1988
(40) 罗永浩、杨世铭，锅炉管组集箱静压分布的离散模型，动力工程，vol．17，No．3，pp32-36，1997
(41) 王兴安、余佩桢、韩来生，太阳热水系统等温流动特性的研究，太阳能学报，No．2，1988
(42) Volker Weitbrecht, Dadid Lehmann and Andreas Richter, Flow distribution in solar collectors with laminar flow condion, solar energy, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp433-441,2002
(43) G.F. Jones and N. Lior, Flow distribution in manifolded solar collectors with negligible buoyancy effect, solar energy, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp289-300,1994
(44) Wang X.A and Wu L. G, Analysis and performance of flat-plate solar collector arrays, solar energy, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp71-78,1990
(45) Lerose. V.F, An analytical study of flow distribution in manifolds, MS thesis, Department of mechanical engineering ,West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Va, May 1972
(46) R.A. Bajura and V.F. Lerose, Flow Distribution in combining ,dividing and reverse flow Manifolds, ASME paper 73-PWR-1
(47) 岑幻霞，太阳能热利用，北京，清华大学出版社，1997，01．
(48) J.A. Duffie, and, W.A. Beckman.,Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, New York. A Wiley-Interscience Publication.
(49) 喜文华，太阳能实用工程技术，兰州，兰州大学出版社，2001，09．
(50) 唐轩、殷志强、张剑，全玻璃真空太阳集热管热损系数确定方法，太阳能，1997，3
(51) GB／T 17049-1997全玻璃真空太阳集热器，中华人民共和国国家标准
(52) ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986. Method of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors.
(53) 顾斯美、王兴安、韩来生，平面镜反射真空管集热器的方向特性，太阳能学报，vol．7，no．3，pp279-286，1986
(54) 彦启森、岑幻霞，真空管集热器入射角修正系数测定方法研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．4，pp439-448，1982
(55) W. Mcintire and K. Read, Incident angle modifiers for evacuated tube collectors, AS/ISES, 1981, pp 282-284
(56) William R. Mcintire, Factored approximation for biaxid incident angle modifiers, solar enegy, vol. 29, no. 4, pp315-322,1982
(57) GB／T 17581-1998真空管太阳集热器
(58) ISO 9806-1-1994 Test methods for solar collectors—Part 1: Thermal performance of glazed liquid heating collectors including pressure drop
(59) BS EN 12975-2-2002 Thermal solar systems and components - Solar Collectors-Part 2: Test methods
(2) Tabor. H, Convection and conduction coefficients in solar collectors, Bulletin of the research concil of Isreal, Vol. 6C, p. 155
(3) Rabl. A, Active solar collectors and their application, Oxford university press, 1985
(4) 葛新石，龚堡，陆维德，王义方，太阳能工程—原理与应用，学术期刊出版社，1988
(5) Rhee. S.L and Edwards. D.K, Comparision of test result for flat plate, transpired flat plate, corrugated and transpired corrugated solar air heater, ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. PP. 105-231 1983
(6) Jone. G.F and Shaw. L.E, Develepment of a high performance air heater through use of an evacuated tube cover design, In Proc. Of AS of ISES Annual Meeting .Phoenix, AZ, Vol. 3.1, pp. 433.1980
(7) Alben. R. and Hardcastle. K Theoeretical and experiment study of an air collector with an evacuated tube cover. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 103, pp251
(8) Herrk. C.S, An air cooled solar collectorusing all cylindrical element in a low loss body, solar energy 30:127,1983
(9) Hollands. K. G. T, Honeycomb devices in flat plate solar collectors, solar energy 9:159,1965
(10) Buchberg. H and Edwards. K.K, Design consideration for solar collection with cylindrical glass honeycomb, solar enery 18:193,1976
(11) Meyer. B.A, EL-Wakil. M.M and Michill. J.W, Nature convection heat transfer in small and moderate aspect ratio encloseure-an application to flat plate collectors, In F. Kreith. r, Boech. J and R. Bannerot(eds),Thermal storage and heat transfer in solar energy system, New York:ASME 1978
(12) Felland. J.R and Edwards. D.K, Solar and infrared radirtion properties of parallel-plate honeycomb, solar energy 2:309,1978
(13) Hollands. K.G.T and Shewen. E.C, Optimization of flow passage geometry for air-heating plate type solar collector, ASME J. solar energy Eng 103:323,1981
(14) Hollands. K.G.T, Marshell. K.N and Weberl. R.K, An approximate equation for predicting the solar transmittances of transparent honeycombs, solar energy 21:231,1978
(15) 罗棣庵，韩钟礼，夹层内空气自由运动放热的研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．3，pp20-28，1980
(16) 陈则韵，葛新石，确定对流热损失小的平板集热器空气夹层最佳艰巨的理论和实验研究，太阳能学报，vol．6，no．3，pp437-506，1985
(17) 张诗针，蜂窝结构太阳能集热器的理论集实验研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．3，pp252-260，1982
(18) 李戬洪，太阳能学报，特刊，1999
(19) B. Window, Heat extraction from single ended glass absorber tubes, solar energy, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 159-166,1983
(20) Yin Zhiqiang, Harding.G.L and Windows. B, Water-in-glass manifords for heat extraction from evacuated solar collector tubes, solar energy 32, pp223-230,1984
(21) R. schmid, R. ecollins, B.A. pailthorpe, Heat transport in dewar-type evacuated tublar collectors, solar energy, vol. 45, no 5, pp291-300,1990
(22) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅰ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),377-386
(23) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅱ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),387-394.
(24) D. Proctor. Ageneralized method for testing all glasses of solar collector-Ⅲ. Solar Energy. 1984,32(3),395-399
(25) 李曾豫、殷志强、刘学臣，全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器的应用，太阳能1997，2
(26) 孙宏伟，全玻璃真空管空气集热器流动与传热的实验研究及数值模拟，中科院工程热物理所，1998，6
(27) 王志峰，全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器热性能实验方法研究，太阳能学报，Vol．22，No．2，2001
(28) 王志峰、Sun Hongwei，全玻璃真空管空气集热器管内流动与换热的数值模拟，太阳能学报，Vol．22，No．1，2001
(29) 王补宣，工程传热传质学，北京，科学出版社，2002
(30) 王启杰，对流传热传质分析，西安，西安交通大学出版社，1990
(31) 周爱平，过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析，焦作工学院学报，vol．19，no．1，2000
(32) 周馍仁，流体力学泵与风机，北京，中国建筑工业出版社
(33) J.P. Chiou, The Effect of Nonuniform Flow Distribution On The Thermal Performance Of Solar Collector, Solar Energy, vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 487-502,1982
(34) 袁益超、陈之航，单相流体在锅炉并联管组中流量分配规律研究，华东工业大学学报，vol．17，No．3，1995
(35) R.A. Bajura and E.H.Jone, Flow Distribution Manifold, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Trans. ASME 1976,98,654-666
(36) 赵镇南，摩擦阻力对分流和汇流联箱流量特性影响，石油化工设备，vol．30，No．5，2001
(37) 王峻晔、张明川、吴东棣，锅炉分配集箱速度分布对流量分配的影响，中国电机工程学报，vol．19，No．5，1999
(38) 王恩禄、田子平、廖正清，分配集箱静压分布参数C_f值的理论分析，动力工程，vol 17．No．3，1997
(39) 罗永浩，单相流体在并联管组分配集箱中流动机理的研究，动力工程，vol．8，No2，pp31-36，1988
(40) 罗永浩、杨世铭，锅炉管组集箱静压分布的离散模型，动力工程，vol．17，No．3，pp32-36，1997
(41) 王兴安、余佩桢、韩来生，太阳热水系统等温流动特性的研究，太阳能学报，No．2，1988
(42) Volker Weitbrecht, Dadid Lehmann and Andreas Richter, Flow distribution in solar collectors with laminar flow condion, solar energy, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp433-441,2002
(43) G.F. Jones and N. Lior, Flow distribution in manifolded solar collectors with negligible buoyancy effect, solar energy, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp289-300,1994
(44) Wang X.A and Wu L. G, Analysis and performance of flat-plate solar collector arrays, solar energy, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp71-78,1990
(45) Lerose. V.F, An analytical study of flow distribution in manifolds, MS thesis, Department of mechanical engineering ,West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Va, May 1972
(46) R.A. Bajura and V.F. Lerose, Flow Distribution in combining ,dividing and reverse flow Manifolds, ASME paper 73-PWR-1
(47) 岑幻霞，太阳能热利用，北京，清华大学出版社，1997，01．
(48) J.A. Duffie, and, W.A. Beckman.,Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, New York. A Wiley-Interscience Publication.
(49) 喜文华，太阳能实用工程技术，兰州，兰州大学出版社，2001，09．
(50) 唐轩、殷志强、张剑，全玻璃真空太阳集热管热损系数确定方法，太阳能，1997，3
(51) GB／T 17049-1997全玻璃真空太阳集热器，中华人民共和国国家标准
(52) ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986. Method of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors.
(53) 顾斯美、王兴安、韩来生，平面镜反射真空管集热器的方向特性，太阳能学报，vol．7，no．3，pp279-286，1986
(54) 彦启森、岑幻霞，真空管集热器入射角修正系数测定方法研究，太阳能学报，vol．3，no．4，pp439-448，1982
(55) W. Mcintire and K. Read, Incident angle modifiers for evacuated tube collectors, AS/ISES, 1981, pp 282-284
(56) William R. Mcintire, Factored approximation for biaxid incident angle modifiers, solar enegy, vol. 29, no. 4, pp315-322,1982
(57) GB／T 17581-1998真空管太阳集热器
(58) ISO 9806-1-1994 Test methods for solar collectors—Part 1: Thermal performance of glazed liquid heating collectors including pressure drop
(59) BS EN 12975-2-2002 Thermal solar systems and components - Solar Collectors-Part 2: Test methods