商用乘骑式草坪割草车刀盘流场及动力学特性的研究
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摘要
本文研究的是一种商用乘骑式草坪割草车,这种割草车主要用于大中型草坪的草坪修剪与维护,要求具有良好的机械性能和草坪修剪质量。其中切割刀盘的设计是一种关键的技术,本文重点开展对刀盘内流场的特性分析,以此作为优化设计刀盘结构的理论依据。
本文研究的草坪割草车采用的是三把旋转刀片的单刀盘结构,工作时内部气流复杂,建立良好的流场特性至关重要。文中首先对刀盘与刀片进行3D设计,然后对截面流场中刀片周围流场以及刀盘内部流场应用Fluent进行建模仿真。通过改变刀片的相关角度,对计算数据进行分析研究流场特性,得到刀片角度变化对气流影响的规律。同样在刀盘内流场分析中,通过不同的刀盘模型构造不同的流场进行建模仿真,得到模型Ⅱ具有更好流场特性的结论。
文中还对两种不同的刀盘模型壳体应用ANSYS进行动力学特性分析,对刀盘壳体进行了模态分析,证明刀片旋转的不平衡惯性力对刀盘产生简谐激励,并重点分析了两刀盘壳体模型的简谐响应,得到共振频率以及对坐标轴的变形响应,证明得到刀盘壳体模型Ⅱ提高了刀盘的结构强度和工作频率的合理性。
This Article investigated the commercial riding lawn-mower which is used for trimming and maintenance for the large and medium-size of grass lawn. The lawn-mower requires good mechanical properties and quality of grass cutting, and the design of deck is the key of its producing technology. This article focused on the analysis of flow field in the mower deck, and used the analysis as the basis for the deck structure-improving study.
The deck of lawn mower investigated in this paper has three rotating blades. When it is working there would be a complicated flow field in the deck. So it is important to structure a good deck for the good internal flow filed. This article firstly designed deck and blades in 3D software. Then stimulated the flow filed around blade of cross-section and in the deck by Flunet, and analyzed the characteristic of flow field depend on the data from changing angles of blades. Finally the article gets the regularity of the blade's influence for airflow patterns. After the comparison of simulation between the internal flow field of model I and model II, the conclusion is that model II with a better character for airflow patterns.
This article also analyzed the model dynamics of model I and model II by ANSYS, and proved that the unbalance force by rotating blades generated sinusoidal excitation to deck. Focusing on the harmonic response, the article analyzed the deformation of the resonant frequency and confirmed that model II has a better dynamics character.
本文研究的草坪割草车采用的是三把旋转刀片的单刀盘结构,工作时内部气流复杂,建立良好的流场特性至关重要。文中首先对刀盘与刀片进行3D设计,然后对截面流场中刀片周围流场以及刀盘内部流场应用Fluent进行建模仿真。通过改变刀片的相关角度,对计算数据进行分析研究流场特性,得到刀片角度变化对气流影响的规律。同样在刀盘内流场分析中,通过不同的刀盘模型构造不同的流场进行建模仿真,得到模型Ⅱ具有更好流场特性的结论。
文中还对两种不同的刀盘模型壳体应用ANSYS进行动力学特性分析,对刀盘壳体进行了模态分析,证明刀片旋转的不平衡惯性力对刀盘产生简谐激励,并重点分析了两刀盘壳体模型的简谐响应,得到共振频率以及对坐标轴的变形响应,证明得到刀盘壳体模型Ⅱ提高了刀盘的结构强度和工作频率的合理性。
This Article investigated the commercial riding lawn-mower which is used for trimming and maintenance for the large and medium-size of grass lawn. The lawn-mower requires good mechanical properties and quality of grass cutting, and the design of deck is the key of its producing technology. This article focused on the analysis of flow field in the mower deck, and used the analysis as the basis for the deck structure-improving study.
The deck of lawn mower investigated in this paper has three rotating blades. When it is working there would be a complicated flow field in the deck. So it is important to structure a good deck for the good internal flow filed. This article firstly designed deck and blades in 3D software. Then stimulated the flow filed around blade of cross-section and in the deck by Flunet, and analyzed the characteristic of flow field depend on the data from changing angles of blades. Finally the article gets the regularity of the blade's influence for airflow patterns. After the comparison of simulation between the internal flow field of model I and model II, the conclusion is that model II with a better character for airflow patterns.
This article also analyzed the model dynamics of model I and model II by ANSYS, and proved that the unbalance force by rotating blades generated sinusoidal excitation to deck. Focusing on the harmonic response, the article analyzed the deformation of the resonant frequency and confirmed that model II has a better dynamics character.
引文
[1]祖莉.智能割草机器人全区域覆盖运行的控制和动力学特性研究.南京理工大学机械电子工程博士学位论文.2005:76～89
[2]W.Chon;R.S.Amano.Investigation of Flow Behavior around Co-rotating Blades in a Double-Spindle Lawn Mower Deck.International Journal of Rotating Machinery.2005(1):77～89
[3]W.Chon;P.Tetzlaff.Experimental study of aerodynamics around co-rotating blades in a lawn mower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.1999(250):57～64
[4]Hagen,P.A.;Chon,W;R.S.Amano.A study of aerodynamics around rotating blades in a lawnmower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication)FED,2002,258:61～70
[5]Hagen,P.A.;W.Chon.Multi-dimensional CFD analysis of rotating blades in a lawnmower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.2002(257):215～223
[6]Hagen,P.A.;W.Chon.Experimental study of aerodynamics around rotating blades in a lawnmower deck merican Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.2002(257):67～76
[7]W.Chon;R.S.Amano.Experimental and Computational Investigation of Triple-rotting Blades in a Mower Deck.JSME International Journal,Series B,2003(vol.46 No.2):229～243
[8]Lj.Erakovic;A.Subic;D.McLaren.Modeling and Simulation of Chilean Needle Grass Spread during Slashing.Modsim 2003 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation,Townsville,Queensland.2003:1577～1561.
[9]Reza,Md Shamim;P.A.Hagen.Multi-dimensional heat transfer and fluid dynamics analysis of a lawnmower tractor exhaust system.Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference.2003.(vol.1 B):685～693
[10]田铖,张欢,由世俊等.利用Fluent软件模拟地铁专用轴流风机的内部流场(一)--对称翼叶片轴流风机.流体机械.2003(第31卷11期):13～15
[11]杨东旭,由世俊,田铖等.利用Fluent软件模拟地铁专用轴流风机(二)--弯掠组合翼型叶片轴流风机.流体机械.2003(第31卷12期):11～13
[12]冯学梅,陈凤明,蔡荣泉等.使用Fluent软件的螺旋桨敞水性能计算和考察.船舶. 2006(2月第1期):14～19
[13]赵兴艳,苏莫明等.CFD方法在流体机械设计中的应用.流体机械.2000(第28卷第3期):22～26
[14]何有世,袁寿其等.CFD进展及其在离心泵叶轮内流计算中的应用.水泵技术.2002(3):23～27
[15]Imanishi Ryouzou(JP);Kitaguchi Hiroaki(JP),etc.Mower Unit.European Patent Office.US2008092509
[16]汪德众,王敦军等.9GYS-0.85型盘式甩刀割草机的设计.农机化研究.2003(1):90～92
[17]Fillman Alan R(US);Sailaanthony J(US),etc.Electric drive mower with trailed auxiliary power source.European Patent Office.US2005230168
[18]Yvon,K.;Lorenzoni,J.-L.Hydrogen-powered lawn mower.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.1993(vol.18,No.4):345～348
[19]Yvon,K.;Lorenzoni,J.-L.Hydrogen-powered lawn mower:14 years of operation.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.2006(vol.31,No,12):1763～1767
[20]王金振.太阳能草坪割草机关键技术的研究.南京理工大学机械设计及理论硕士学位论文.2004
[21]Shinoyama Akimasa.Solar Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007105025
[22]Paytas Anthony R.Solar powered mower.European Patent Office.US4987729
[23]Knudson,H.T.;Shupert,P.T..Riding Mower Development by Dynamic Design Techniques.SAE Preprints.1980(n800933):27
[24]Reimers Kirk W;Weeratunga Dammika.Riding Mower.European Patent Office.US2007204581
[25]Wakuta Kensaku;Nishizawa Hisafumi.Riding Type Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007202486
[26]Tomiyama Yoshio;Oshima Hiroshi.Riding Type Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008017781
[27]Tsuji Hidekazu;Oka Akihiko.Riding Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008029286
[28]Allen David T;Apple Dvid L.Electric Drive Riding Mower.European Patent Office.CA958900
[29]Johansson Joergwn(SE);Ahlund Bengt(SE);etc.Lawn mover deck and method for making the same.European Patent Office.WO2008063105
[30]Koike Norikazu.Rotary Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007325508
[31]Yasui Takashi;Takahashi Norimitsu.Multi-Rotary Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008035816
[32]熊永森,王金双,徐中伟.小型往复式果园割草机设计.农机化研究.2007(6):68～69
[33]Siler M Dan.Mower Blade Assembly.European Patent Office.WO2008045720
[34]Schuyler John.Rotary mower blade.European Patent Office.US2007227113
[35]Abernethy Raymond Eric.A cutting blade assembly for a mower.European Patent Office.AU2006261567
[36]Baksh Mubaraka.Multi-edge Lawn Mower Blade.European Patent Office.CA2513244
[37]Lopes L.S.;Connell J.K.;Dario P..Sentience in Robots:Application and Challenges.IEEE Intelligent Systems.2001,16(5):66～69
[38]Schraft R.D.;Graf B.;Traub A..A mobile robot platform for assistance and entertainment.IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation.2000(28):29～34
[39]www.wiki.org.Lawn mower,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_mower
[40]于建国.割草机的设计与动态特性研究.东北林业大学.机械设计及理论硕士学位论文.2005
[41]周宁.割草机器人割台设计与运动控制研究.江苏大学.农业机械化工程硕士论文.2005
[42]Fluent Help.Fluent inc.2003
[43]王福军.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005年
[44]吴子牛.计算流体力学基本原理.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2001年
[45]王惠民.流体力学基础.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005年
[46]中华人民共和国林业行业标准-草坪割草机安全要求:LY1202.5-2001.第一版.中国标准出版社:2001
[2]W.Chon;R.S.Amano.Investigation of Flow Behavior around Co-rotating Blades in a Double-Spindle Lawn Mower Deck.International Journal of Rotating Machinery.2005(1):77～89
[3]W.Chon;P.Tetzlaff.Experimental study of aerodynamics around co-rotating blades in a lawn mower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.1999(250):57～64
[4]Hagen,P.A.;Chon,W;R.S.Amano.A study of aerodynamics around rotating blades in a lawnmower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication)FED,2002,258:61～70
[5]Hagen,P.A.;W.Chon.Multi-dimensional CFD analysis of rotating blades in a lawnmower deck American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.2002(257):215～223
[6]Hagen,P.A.;W.Chon.Experimental study of aerodynamics around rotating blades in a lawnmower deck merican Society of Mechanical Engineers.Fluids Engineering Division(Publication) FED.2002(257):67～76
[7]W.Chon;R.S.Amano.Experimental and Computational Investigation of Triple-rotting Blades in a Mower Deck.JSME International Journal,Series B,2003(vol.46 No.2):229～243
[8]Lj.Erakovic;A.Subic;D.McLaren.Modeling and Simulation of Chilean Needle Grass Spread during Slashing.Modsim 2003 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation,Townsville,Queensland.2003:1577～1561.
[9]Reza,Md Shamim;P.A.Hagen.Multi-dimensional heat transfer and fluid dynamics analysis of a lawnmower tractor exhaust system.Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference.2003.(vol.1 B):685～693
[10]田铖,张欢,由世俊等.利用Fluent软件模拟地铁专用轴流风机的内部流场(一)--对称翼叶片轴流风机.流体机械.2003(第31卷11期):13～15
[11]杨东旭,由世俊,田铖等.利用Fluent软件模拟地铁专用轴流风机(二)--弯掠组合翼型叶片轴流风机.流体机械.2003(第31卷12期):11～13
[12]冯学梅,陈凤明,蔡荣泉等.使用Fluent软件的螺旋桨敞水性能计算和考察.船舶. 2006(2月第1期):14～19
[13]赵兴艳,苏莫明等.CFD方法在流体机械设计中的应用.流体机械.2000(第28卷第3期):22～26
[14]何有世,袁寿其等.CFD进展及其在离心泵叶轮内流计算中的应用.水泵技术.2002(3):23～27
[15]Imanishi Ryouzou(JP);Kitaguchi Hiroaki(JP),etc.Mower Unit.European Patent Office.US2008092509
[16]汪德众,王敦军等.9GYS-0.85型盘式甩刀割草机的设计.农机化研究.2003(1):90～92
[17]Fillman Alan R(US);Sailaanthony J(US),etc.Electric drive mower with trailed auxiliary power source.European Patent Office.US2005230168
[18]Yvon,K.;Lorenzoni,J.-L.Hydrogen-powered lawn mower.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.1993(vol.18,No.4):345～348
[19]Yvon,K.;Lorenzoni,J.-L.Hydrogen-powered lawn mower:14 years of operation.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.2006(vol.31,No,12):1763～1767
[20]王金振.太阳能草坪割草机关键技术的研究.南京理工大学机械设计及理论硕士学位论文.2004
[21]Shinoyama Akimasa.Solar Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007105025
[22]Paytas Anthony R.Solar powered mower.European Patent Office.US4987729
[23]Knudson,H.T.;Shupert,P.T..Riding Mower Development by Dynamic Design Techniques.SAE Preprints.1980(n800933):27
[24]Reimers Kirk W;Weeratunga Dammika.Riding Mower.European Patent Office.US2007204581
[25]Wakuta Kensaku;Nishizawa Hisafumi.Riding Type Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007202486
[26]Tomiyama Yoshio;Oshima Hiroshi.Riding Type Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008017781
[27]Tsuji Hidekazu;Oka Akihiko.Riding Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008029286
[28]Allen David T;Apple Dvid L.Electric Drive Riding Mower.European Patent Office.CA958900
[29]Johansson Joergwn(SE);Ahlund Bengt(SE);etc.Lawn mover deck and method for making the same.European Patent Office.WO2008063105
[30]Koike Norikazu.Rotary Lawn Mower.European Patent Office.JP2007325508
[31]Yasui Takashi;Takahashi Norimitsu.Multi-Rotary Mower.European Patent Office.JP2008035816
[32]熊永森,王金双,徐中伟.小型往复式果园割草机设计.农机化研究.2007(6):68～69
[33]Siler M Dan.Mower Blade Assembly.European Patent Office.WO2008045720
[34]Schuyler John.Rotary mower blade.European Patent Office.US2007227113
[35]Abernethy Raymond Eric.A cutting blade assembly for a mower.European Patent Office.AU2006261567
[36]Baksh Mubaraka.Multi-edge Lawn Mower Blade.European Patent Office.CA2513244
[37]Lopes L.S.;Connell J.K.;Dario P..Sentience in Robots:Application and Challenges.IEEE Intelligent Systems.2001,16(5):66～69
[38]Schraft R.D.;Graf B.;Traub A..A mobile robot platform for assistance and entertainment.IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation.2000(28):29～34
[39]www.wiki.org.Lawn mower,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_mower
[40]于建国.割草机的设计与动态特性研究.东北林业大学.机械设计及理论硕士学位论文.2005
[41]周宁.割草机器人割台设计与运动控制研究.江苏大学.农业机械化工程硕士论文.2005
[42]Fluent Help.Fluent inc.2003
[43]王福军.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005年
[44]吴子牛.计算流体力学基本原理.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2001年
[45]王惠民.流体力学基础.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005年
[46]中华人民共和国林业行业标准-草坪割草机安全要求:LY1202.5-2001.第一版.中国标准出版社:2001