复杂机械系统可靠性理论研究与应用
|
摘要
随着全球市场的竞争日益激烈，从人造卫星到飞机、从汽车到自行车、从仪器设备到家用电器，对各种各样的产品的质量变得越来越重要，随之对产品的可靠性要求也越来越高。
本文主要是研究机械系统可靠性理论。机械系统可靠性工程技术起源于电子领域，现已颁发的一些可靠性设计、试验和分析方法或标准，大都是根据电子产品故障多属随机性、寿命服从指数分布等特点制定的。现有的方法或标准对机械类产品不完全适宜，因为与电子产品不同的机械产品的零部件大多是耗损性失效为主；零部件的故障和连接、维修、使用方式密切相关；另外，机械零部件一般都是为特定用途设计，通用性不强，不易积累共用数据。本文在前期研究的基础上，对机械系统的可靠性进行研究。主要研究内容和创新之处如下：
1、在查阅大量国内外文献资料的基础上，对系统可靠性理论方面的研究现状进行了分析研究，指出了机械系统可靠性的特殊性和机械系统可靠性研究的难点。
2、阐述了机械系统中复杂的相关性，以应力—强度相干理论模型为基础，指出机械零件的应力和强度之间不完全独立，以及零件失效模式之间的相关系数和机械系统中零件之间的相关系数求解，界定了零件之间的相关性和零件的失效模式相关性的区别。
西安理工大学硕士学位论文
3、首次提出了零件相关的机械串联系统可靠性设计（reliabilt｝ design）新理
论，新理论计算得出的系统可靠性理论值儿乎完全落在O．Ditlevsen理论界限之内；
简化了实际复杂机械系统可靠性的可靠度计算，解冰了多重积分和相X性计算1理
论难题。
4、利用新理论对机械系统实例—一单级减速器和 YP印刷机传动子系统
进行了可靠性分析计算。
由于机械系统可靠性理论领域涉及内容很多，难度较大，还有一些问题需翌在
今后进一步开展研究。
本研究得到北京市教委科研基金专题资助。
Along with the increasingly vigorous competition of the global market, from man-made satellite to the airplane, from car to the bicycle, from instrument equipments to the home appliances, the quantity of all products is becoming increasingly important, immediately the reliability of product is required more and more highly.
This paper primarily studies the reliability theories for the mechanical system. The reliability engineering technique of the mechanical system originate the electronics field, now some already issued methods or standards of the design, experiment and analyze for the reliability, mostly set down according to the characteristics that most electronics product failures are of random and the life span obey exponential distribution. Current methods or standards are unsuitable to mechanical product, because the most failures of parts in the mechanical product are wastage; the breakdown of parts is closely related to link, maintain and the way to use; moreover, the parts generally are designed for particular use and not easy to collect the pooling data. This paper is based on the prophase studying and studies the reliability of the mechanical system. The mainly contents and creative ideas in this paper are as follows:
1, On the foundation of checking a large quantity of reference data in
III
the domestic and international, studies and analyzes the present condition proceeds about the system reliability theories, points out the special and the difficult points of the mechanical system reliability study.
2, States the complicated relativity in the mechanical system, then bases on the model of stress - strength interference, present that the relativity of between the stress and the strength of the parts is weak and the differences of the relativities of parts and the failure modes of part, and how to compute the related coefficient of parts and the related coefficient of the failure modes of part.
3, It is the first time to put forward the new reliability design theory of mechanical series system, the value from the new theory is almost in the 0. Ditlevsen theories boundary; at the same time it simplifies the reliability calculation about the complicated mechanical system, solve the academic difficulties about multi-calculus compute and related coefficient calculation.
4, The paper calculates and analyzes the reliability of the example of mechanical system- the reducer system and the main drive subsystem of YP1A1H press by make use of the new theories.
Because the reliability theories realms of the mechanical system involve a lot of contents and are so difficult, some problems should be studied further in the future.
The subject is supported by Beijing education and scientific research department.
本文主要是研究机械系统可靠性理论。机械系统可靠性工程技术起源于电子领域，现已颁发的一些可靠性设计、试验和分析方法或标准，大都是根据电子产品故障多属随机性、寿命服从指数分布等特点制定的。现有的方法或标准对机械类产品不完全适宜，因为与电子产品不同的机械产品的零部件大多是耗损性失效为主；零部件的故障和连接、维修、使用方式密切相关；另外，机械零部件一般都是为特定用途设计，通用性不强，不易积累共用数据。本文在前期研究的基础上，对机械系统的可靠性进行研究。主要研究内容和创新之处如下：
1、在查阅大量国内外文献资料的基础上，对系统可靠性理论方面的研究现状进行了分析研究，指出了机械系统可靠性的特殊性和机械系统可靠性研究的难点。
2、阐述了机械系统中复杂的相关性，以应力—强度相干理论模型为基础，指出机械零件的应力和强度之间不完全独立，以及零件失效模式之间的相关系数和机械系统中零件之间的相关系数求解，界定了零件之间的相关性和零件的失效模式相关性的区别。
西安理工大学硕士学位论文
3、首次提出了零件相关的机械串联系统可靠性设计（reliabilt｝ design）新理
论，新理论计算得出的系统可靠性理论值儿乎完全落在O．Ditlevsen理论界限之内；
简化了实际复杂机械系统可靠性的可靠度计算，解冰了多重积分和相X性计算1理
论难题。
4、利用新理论对机械系统实例—一单级减速器和 YP印刷机传动子系统
进行了可靠性分析计算。
由于机械系统可靠性理论领域涉及内容很多，难度较大，还有一些问题需翌在
今后进一步开展研究。
本研究得到北京市教委科研基金专题资助。
Along with the increasingly vigorous competition of the global market, from man-made satellite to the airplane, from car to the bicycle, from instrument equipments to the home appliances, the quantity of all products is becoming increasingly important, immediately the reliability of product is required more and more highly.
This paper primarily studies the reliability theories for the mechanical system. The reliability engineering technique of the mechanical system originate the electronics field, now some already issued methods or standards of the design, experiment and analyze for the reliability, mostly set down according to the characteristics that most electronics product failures are of random and the life span obey exponential distribution. Current methods or standards are unsuitable to mechanical product, because the most failures of parts in the mechanical product are wastage; the breakdown of parts is closely related to link, maintain and the way to use; moreover, the parts generally are designed for particular use and not easy to collect the pooling data. This paper is based on the prophase studying and studies the reliability of the mechanical system. The mainly contents and creative ideas in this paper are as follows:
1, On the foundation of checking a large quantity of reference data in
III
the domestic and international, studies and analyzes the present condition proceeds about the system reliability theories, points out the special and the difficult points of the mechanical system reliability study.
2, States the complicated relativity in the mechanical system, then bases on the model of stress - strength interference, present that the relativity of between the stress and the strength of the parts is weak and the differences of the relativities of parts and the failure modes of part, and how to compute the related coefficient of parts and the related coefficient of the failure modes of part.
3, It is the first time to put forward the new reliability design theory of mechanical series system, the value from the new theory is almost in the 0. Ditlevsen theories boundary; at the same time it simplifies the reliability calculation about the complicated mechanical system, solve the academic difficulties about multi-calculus compute and related coefficient calculation.
4, The paper calculates and analyzes the reliability of the example of mechanical system- the reducer system and the main drive subsystem of YP1A1H press by make use of the new theories.
Because the reliability theories realms of the mechanical system involve a lot of contents and are so difficult, some problems should be studied further in the future.
The subject is supported by Beijing education and scientific research department.
引文
[1] 张祖明。机械可靠性研究的特点与展望．北京：北京机械工业管理学院学报可靠性专辑，1990：1—7．
[2] 张祖明。质量工程的进展：可靠性和健壮性，北京：北京印刷学院学报，3(2)，1995：1—10．
[3] 林青，宋力宏。可靠性工程的新进展．非电产品的可靠性技术与应用．北京：海洋出版社．
[4] 张祖明。非电产品可靠性设计的特点和发展．非电产品的可靠性技术与应用．北京：海洋出版社．
[5] Freudenthal, A.M, The Safety of Structures, Transaction, ASCE, 112(1947), 125-159.
[6] Hrasofer AM, LindNC. J. Eng. The reliability of Structures, ASCE, 100, 1 (1974): 111-121.
[7] 刘宁。可靠度随机有限元法及其工程应用，北京：中国水力水电出版社，2001．6．
[8] O. Ditlevsen. Narrow Reliability Bounds for structural System. J. Sstruct. meth, 7(4), 1979: 453～472.
[9] Rackwitz R, etal. An Algorithm for Calculation of Structural Reliability under Combined Loading. Munchen, (1997)
[10] 董聪，杨庆雄。现代结构系统可靠性分析理论发展概况及若干应用，力学进展，1993，Vol．23，NO．2
[11] Y. s, Feng. A Method for computing Structure System Reliability with High Accuracy. J, of Co-computers & Structures, 1989, 33(1); 1～5.
[12] 董聪，夏人伟。现代结构系统可靠性评估理论研究进展，力学进
展，1993，Vol．23，NO．2
[13]董聪。现代结构系统可靠性理论，西安：西北工业大学博士学位论文
[14]孙玉秋，张祖明．机械系统可靠度计算方法——阶段连续界限理论，机械设计与制造，2001．2，3～5．
[15]张祖明，张铁岭。复杂机电系统可靠性分析的当量指数分布理论与方法，海峡两岸机械产品可靠性设计学会论文集，机械工业出版社，1995，11，p318—323．
[16]桑国光，张圣堃。结构可靠性原理及应用，上海：上海交大出版，1987．
[17]Deak Ⅰ. Three digit accurate multiple normal probabilities. Numerical Math. 1980.35:369～448.
[18]肖德辉。可靠性工程，北京：宇航出版社，1985：361-362
[19]杜志刚，康锐。FMECA通用软件的设计与实现，非电产品的可靠性技术与应用(张祖明主编)，北京：海洋出版社．
[20]Peng X Q, Wu L Y and Liu G. Stochastic finite element method for reliability analysis with geometry randomness considered. J. of Northwestern Polytechnical Univ. 1996.14(1): 116～120
[21]喻天翔，张祖明，成刚虎，孙玉秋。零件相关的机械系统的现代设计方法，北京：2002年机械工程学会年会论文集．
[22]吴波，轴的多失效模型和可靠性研究，机械设计，1998．
[23]何水清，王善等，结构可靠性分析与设计，国防工业出版社，1993．
[24]北京钢铁学院，机械零件，北京：人民教育出版社，1980
[25]机械工程手册编委会，机械工程手册(第五卷)，北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
[26]王启、王文博，常用机械零部件可靠性设计，北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
[27]牟致忠，机械零件可靠性设计，北京：机械工业出版社，1988．
[28]喻天翔，张祖明，孙玉秋。多模式失效的机械零件可靠度计算新理论，北京：机械工程学报，已经接收．
[29]张祖明，田怀祥等。复杂系统——印刷机可靠性预测理论和方法研究，北京：北京印刷学院学报，4(1)，1994：1～8．
[30]李文侠，孙玉秋，张祖明。机械系统可靠性的工程计算法，沈阳：机械设计与制造，12(6)，2000：8～11．
[31]李文侠，张祖明，王晓华。印刷机主传动子系统的可靠性设计，北京：北京印刷学院学报，6(3)，1999：15～21．
[32]赵国藩，曹居易等。工程结构可靠度，北京：水利电力出版社．
[33]吴世伟。结构可靠度分析，北京：人民交通出版社．
[34]D.B. Pakinson, Reliability Bounds for Dependent Failures. IEEE Transaction on Reliability. 17(1), 1988; 54～56.
[35]Alfredo H-S. angand Wilson H. Tang, Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Vol, 1975, Vol 1984
[36]Thoft-Chrisrensen P, Sorensen JD. Appl. Math. Modelling, 6 (1982): 171-178.
[37]徐宏伟，喻天翔，张选生，张祖明．多模相关机械零件的RD新理论[J]，上海：应用科学学报，(已经接收，待发表．)
[38]陈琳。多失效模式相关的结构系统可靠性分析，北京印刷学院可靠性专辑，1995．
[39]张祖明。机械零件强度现代设计方法，航空工业出版社，1990．
[40]孙玉秋，张祖明．印刷机滚筒刚度可靠性设计[J]，北京印刷学院学报，2000，8(1)：10-16
[41]冯昌伦，胶印机的使用与调节[M]，北京：印刷工业出版社，1993．
[42]王晓华，张祖明．抗振可靠性设计[J]．北京印刷学院学报，1999．7
(1)：11-15
[43][日]井町 勇．机械振动学[M]，北京：科学出版社，1979．
[44]Bocchi, W. J. Predicting mechanical reliability. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY, NASA report, Jan 01, 1981
[45]Raze, J. D. Reliability prediction models for mechanical equipment, NASA:AD169775, 1985
[46]Milestone, W. D. Reliability, stress analysis and failure prevention methods in mechanical design; Proceedings of the International Conference, San Francisco, CA, August 18-21, 1980
[47]宁红，沈祖培，两种相关失效模式的可靠度计算，首届可靠度年会论文集，1988．
[48]K. C. Kapur, Reliability in Engineering Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1977
[49]刘冬，孙玉秋，张祖明．印刷机V型带传动的可靠性设计，北京印刷学院学报，2000，8(3)：12-18．
[50]刘英杰，张祖明．印刷机齿轮疲劳强度可靠性设计，北京：北京印刷学院学报，1999，7(2)：13-19．
[2] 张祖明。质量工程的进展：可靠性和健壮性，北京：北京印刷学院学报，3(2)，1995：1—10．
[3] 林青，宋力宏。可靠性工程的新进展．非电产品的可靠性技术与应用．北京：海洋出版社．
[4] 张祖明。非电产品可靠性设计的特点和发展．非电产品的可靠性技术与应用．北京：海洋出版社．
[5] Freudenthal, A.M, The Safety of Structures, Transaction, ASCE, 112(1947), 125-159.
[6] Hrasofer AM, LindNC. J. Eng. The reliability of Structures, ASCE, 100, 1 (1974): 111-121.
[7] 刘宁。可靠度随机有限元法及其工程应用，北京：中国水力水电出版社，2001．6．
[8] O. Ditlevsen. Narrow Reliability Bounds for structural System. J. Sstruct. meth, 7(4), 1979: 453～472.
[9] Rackwitz R, etal. An Algorithm for Calculation of Structural Reliability under Combined Loading. Munchen, (1997)
[10] 董聪，杨庆雄。现代结构系统可靠性分析理论发展概况及若干应用，力学进展，1993，Vol．23，NO．2
[11] Y. s, Feng. A Method for computing Structure System Reliability with High Accuracy. J, of Co-computers & Structures, 1989, 33(1); 1～5.
[12] 董聪，夏人伟。现代结构系统可靠性评估理论研究进展，力学进
展，1993，Vol．23，NO．2
[13]董聪。现代结构系统可靠性理论，西安：西北工业大学博士学位论文
[14]孙玉秋，张祖明．机械系统可靠度计算方法——阶段连续界限理论，机械设计与制造，2001．2，3～5．
[15]张祖明，张铁岭。复杂机电系统可靠性分析的当量指数分布理论与方法，海峡两岸机械产品可靠性设计学会论文集，机械工业出版社，1995，11，p318—323．
[16]桑国光，张圣堃。结构可靠性原理及应用，上海：上海交大出版，1987．
[17]Deak Ⅰ. Three digit accurate multiple normal probabilities. Numerical Math. 1980.35:369～448.
[18]肖德辉。可靠性工程，北京：宇航出版社，1985：361-362
[19]杜志刚，康锐。FMECA通用软件的设计与实现，非电产品的可靠性技术与应用(张祖明主编)，北京：海洋出版社．
[20]Peng X Q, Wu L Y and Liu G. Stochastic finite element method for reliability analysis with geometry randomness considered. J. of Northwestern Polytechnical Univ. 1996.14(1): 116～120
[21]喻天翔，张祖明，成刚虎，孙玉秋。零件相关的机械系统的现代设计方法，北京：2002年机械工程学会年会论文集．
[22]吴波，轴的多失效模型和可靠性研究，机械设计，1998．
[23]何水清，王善等，结构可靠性分析与设计，国防工业出版社，1993．
[24]北京钢铁学院，机械零件，北京：人民教育出版社，1980
[25]机械工程手册编委会，机械工程手册(第五卷)，北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
[26]王启、王文博，常用机械零部件可靠性设计，北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
[27]牟致忠，机械零件可靠性设计，北京：机械工业出版社，1988．
[28]喻天翔，张祖明，孙玉秋。多模式失效的机械零件可靠度计算新理论，北京：机械工程学报，已经接收．
[29]张祖明，田怀祥等。复杂系统——印刷机可靠性预测理论和方法研究，北京：北京印刷学院学报，4(1)，1994：1～8．
[30]李文侠，孙玉秋，张祖明。机械系统可靠性的工程计算法，沈阳：机械设计与制造，12(6)，2000：8～11．
[31]李文侠，张祖明，王晓华。印刷机主传动子系统的可靠性设计，北京：北京印刷学院学报，6(3)，1999：15～21．
[32]赵国藩，曹居易等。工程结构可靠度，北京：水利电力出版社．
[33]吴世伟。结构可靠度分析，北京：人民交通出版社．
[34]D.B. Pakinson, Reliability Bounds for Dependent Failures. IEEE Transaction on Reliability. 17(1), 1988; 54～56.
[35]Alfredo H-S. angand Wilson H. Tang, Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Vol, 1975, Vol 1984
[36]Thoft-Chrisrensen P, Sorensen JD. Appl. Math. Modelling, 6 (1982): 171-178.
[37]徐宏伟，喻天翔，张选生，张祖明．多模相关机械零件的RD新理论[J]，上海：应用科学学报，(已经接收，待发表．)
[38]陈琳。多失效模式相关的结构系统可靠性分析，北京印刷学院可靠性专辑，1995．
[39]张祖明。机械零件强度现代设计方法，航空工业出版社，1990．
[40]孙玉秋，张祖明．印刷机滚筒刚度可靠性设计[J]，北京印刷学院学报，2000，8(1)：10-16
[41]冯昌伦，胶印机的使用与调节[M]，北京：印刷工业出版社，1993．
[42]王晓华，张祖明．抗振可靠性设计[J]．北京印刷学院学报，1999．7
(1)：11-15
[43][日]井町 勇．机械振动学[M]，北京：科学出版社，1979．
[44]Bocchi, W. J. Predicting mechanical reliability. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY, NASA report, Jan 01, 1981
[45]Raze, J. D. Reliability prediction models for mechanical equipment, NASA:AD169775, 1985
[46]Milestone, W. D. Reliability, stress analysis and failure prevention methods in mechanical design; Proceedings of the International Conference, San Francisco, CA, August 18-21, 1980
[47]宁红，沈祖培，两种相关失效模式的可靠度计算，首届可靠度年会论文集，1988．
[48]K. C. Kapur, Reliability in Engineering Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1977
[49]刘冬，孙玉秋，张祖明．印刷机V型带传动的可靠性设计，北京印刷学院学报，2000，8(3)：12-18．
[50]刘英杰，张祖明．印刷机齿轮疲劳强度可靠性设计，北京：北京印刷学院学报，1999，7(2)：13-19．