以老年人需求为导向的社区照顾服务研究
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摘要
中国人口老龄化的快速发展致使养老保障负担日益沉重、基本医疗保险基金支出高速增长、社会服务需求尤其是老年人的照顾需求迅速膨胀。迈进老龄化社会门槛的中国,家庭之忧已经演化成社会之忧、国家之忧。这就提醒我们,老年人的问题决不仅仅是个别家庭的事情,而是整个社会应当给予高度重视的事情。本文通过研究新乡市社区不同特征老年人对照顾服务的需求状况,进一步探究满足其照顾需求的服务能力。
开篇绪论部分概述了本文选题的背景、研究意义,对社区照顾服务的相关概念进行了界定,并对其相关的文献进行了梳理、归纳,是整篇文章的理论铺垫。本文研究设计部分,主要采用了问卷调查的研究方法。调查问卷主要由三个部分组成,包括老年人特征、社区照顾服务需求和社区照顾服务供给能力现状。通过调查问卷进行收集数据,并且对数据进行统计分析。服务需求决定服务供给的立足点,了解社区老年人的服务需求才能更有效地推进社区照顾服务的发展。为此,我们在新乡市的12个区(市)县,对老年人的社区照顾服务需求进行调查。在数据分析中主要采用描述性统计分析。文章在对问卷进行统计分析之后,发现医疗保健服务需求是当前老年人最迫切的需求,其次为休闲娱乐服务需求。另外还发现不同性别、婚姻状况和经济状况的老年人对日常生活服务需求影响突出；年龄、身体状况与老年人的医疗保健服务需求影响突出；年龄、工作状况和健康状况对老年人的精神慰藉服务有很明显的影响；年龄、教育背景、经济状况和健康状况与老年人的休闲娱乐服务需求的关联很大。但是,总体来看,影响社区照顾服务需求的因素是复合的,而非某一个单一因素。由于老年人的供给是以老年人的需求来提供的,本文在研究不同特征的老年人对社区照顾服务需求的基础上对老年人社区照顾服务供给能力进行了评价,通过对老年人社区照顾的供给状况进行描述性分析,为改善社区照顾服务,提高老年人对社区生活的满意度提供参考。最后为文章的思考和建议部分,通过对前文的研究提出以下建议：1、社区照顾服务提供者的应努力适应需要照顾的老年人,为老年人提供日间照料、等综合服务,让老人们在自己熟悉的生活环境中实现养老。2、社区并不全都是免费午餐,我们也不能把社区服务理解为免费午餐,因此家庭照料的职能不能丢弃。3、协助需要照顾人士融入社区,建立以社区建设为基础的专业机构、社会工作者和社区组织介入社会工作,尤其是加快推进社区工作者的职业化建设。4、切实整合资源,助推“以老助老”模式的建立。5、政府与社区建立伙伴关系。6、在新建或改建社区设施时,应当认真考虑有不同经济条件老年人的需求,从实际出发确定不同收费档次设施的建设和管理。7、依靠科技创新来提高社区照顾服务的工作效率,提升其服务水平。
未来随着老年人高龄化、空巢化以及家庭小型化、核心化的发展,教育程度的提高,社区照顾将成为主要的照顾方式。建立以老年人需求为导向的社区照顾服务,对解决老年人的照料问题,构建和谐社会具有深远的意义。
The Chinese population aging fast development cause cares for the aged the safeguard burden day by day heavily, the basic medical insurance fund disbursement high speed growth, the social service demand in particular senior citizen's attendance demand rapid inflation.Made great strides forward the aging society threshold China, sorrow of the family already evolves sorrow of, the national sorrow of the social.This reminds us, senior citizen's question merely is the individual family matter in no way, but is the matter which the entire society (?)ust give takes highly. Through the different characteristics of Xinxiang City community service needs of older persons to take care of the situation, to further explore the ability of services to meet their needs.
The introduction introduction part has outlined the background which, the research significance this article selects a topic, considered the service to the community the related concept to carry on the limits, and carried on to its related literature has combed, the induction, was the entire chapter article theory upholstery. This article studies the design part, mainly has used the questionnaire survey research technique. The questionnaire is mainly composed of three parts, including the senior citizen characteristic, the community considers the service demand and the community considers the service supplies ability present situation. Carries on the collection data through the questionnaire, and carries on the statistical analysis to the data. The article studied has mainly used the questionnaire survey research technique.According to the senior citizen demand theory, has constructed this article research model.The questionnaire mainly is composed by three meters, including the senior citizen characteristic variable, the community looks after the service demand meter and the community looks after the service present situation meter.Carries on the collection data through the questionnaire, and carries on the statistical analysis to the data.The service demand decision service supplies standpoint, understood the community senior citizen's service demand can advance the community to consider the service effectively the development.Therefore, we in the Hsinhsiang city 12 areas (city) the county, consider the service demand to senior citizen's community to carry on the investigation.Mainly uses descriptive statistical analysis methods and so on statistical analysis, correlation analysis in the data analysis.The article in carries on the statistical analysis after the questionnaire, discovered the medical health care service demand is the current senior citizen most urgent demand, next serves the demand for the leisure entertainment.Moreover also discovered the sex, the marital status and the financial circumstance have the remarkable influence to the senior citizen daily life service demand; Age. bodily condition and senior citizen's medical health care service demand existence certain correlation; The age, the working condition and the state of health console the service to senior citizen's spirit to have the remarkable influence; Age, educational background, financial circumstance and state of health and senior citizen's leisure entertainment service demand degree present correlational dependence; But. the overall looked that, affects the community to consider the service demand the factor is compound, but non-some sole factor. Different characteristics of the elderly in the community care services on the basis of the needs of the elderly to evaluate the ability of community care services, because the supply of the elderly is to provide the needs of older persons, through the supply of community care for the elderly to describe the situation analysis, To improve community care services, improve the lives of older persons to the satisfaction of the community to provide information. Finally, the conclusion, through the foregoing conclusions are as follows:1, community care service providers should strive to meet the need to take care of the elderly, day care for the elderly, and other integrated services, so that old people in their own living environment to achieve old age 2, the functions of family care can not be discarded. Not all communities are free lunch, we can not be understood as a free lunch for community services.3, to assist people in need of care into the community, the establishment of community building based professional organizations, social workers and community organizations involved in social work, in particular accelerating the building of professional community workers.4, the effective integration of resources, boost "to supporting the old" pattern of.5, government and community partnerships.6, or rebuilt in new facilities, should be carefully considered economic conditions of the elderly have different needs, different from the actual conditions to determine the construction of toll facilities and management level.7, relying on technological innovation to improve the efficiency of community care services to improve their level of service.Not next year along with the senior citizen advanced age, the spatial nest as well as the family miniaturization, the core development, the education level enhancement, the community will look after becomes the main attendance way.The establishment looks after take the senior citizen demand as the guidance community serves, to solves senior citizen's care problem, the construction harmonious society has the profound significance.
开篇绪论部分概述了本文选题的背景、研究意义,对社区照顾服务的相关概念进行了界定,并对其相关的文献进行了梳理、归纳,是整篇文章的理论铺垫。本文研究设计部分,主要采用了问卷调查的研究方法。调查问卷主要由三个部分组成,包括老年人特征、社区照顾服务需求和社区照顾服务供给能力现状。通过调查问卷进行收集数据,并且对数据进行统计分析。服务需求决定服务供给的立足点,了解社区老年人的服务需求才能更有效地推进社区照顾服务的发展。为此,我们在新乡市的12个区(市)县,对老年人的社区照顾服务需求进行调查。在数据分析中主要采用描述性统计分析。文章在对问卷进行统计分析之后,发现医疗保健服务需求是当前老年人最迫切的需求,其次为休闲娱乐服务需求。另外还发现不同性别、婚姻状况和经济状况的老年人对日常生活服务需求影响突出；年龄、身体状况与老年人的医疗保健服务需求影响突出；年龄、工作状况和健康状况对老年人的精神慰藉服务有很明显的影响；年龄、教育背景、经济状况和健康状况与老年人的休闲娱乐服务需求的关联很大。但是,总体来看,影响社区照顾服务需求的因素是复合的,而非某一个单一因素。由于老年人的供给是以老年人的需求来提供的,本文在研究不同特征的老年人对社区照顾服务需求的基础上对老年人社区照顾服务供给能力进行了评价,通过对老年人社区照顾的供给状况进行描述性分析,为改善社区照顾服务,提高老年人对社区生活的满意度提供参考。最后为文章的思考和建议部分,通过对前文的研究提出以下建议：1、社区照顾服务提供者的应努力适应需要照顾的老年人,为老年人提供日间照料、等综合服务,让老人们在自己熟悉的生活环境中实现养老。2、社区并不全都是免费午餐,我们也不能把社区服务理解为免费午餐,因此家庭照料的职能不能丢弃。3、协助需要照顾人士融入社区,建立以社区建设为基础的专业机构、社会工作者和社区组织介入社会工作,尤其是加快推进社区工作者的职业化建设。4、切实整合资源,助推“以老助老”模式的建立。5、政府与社区建立伙伴关系。6、在新建或改建社区设施时,应当认真考虑有不同经济条件老年人的需求,从实际出发确定不同收费档次设施的建设和管理。7、依靠科技创新来提高社区照顾服务的工作效率,提升其服务水平。
未来随着老年人高龄化、空巢化以及家庭小型化、核心化的发展,教育程度的提高,社区照顾将成为主要的照顾方式。建立以老年人需求为导向的社区照顾服务,对解决老年人的照料问题,构建和谐社会具有深远的意义。
The Chinese population aging fast development cause cares for the aged the safeguard burden day by day heavily, the basic medical insurance fund disbursement high speed growth, the social service demand in particular senior citizen's attendance demand rapid inflation.Made great strides forward the aging society threshold China, sorrow of the family already evolves sorrow of, the national sorrow of the social.This reminds us, senior citizen's question merely is the individual family matter in no way, but is the matter which the entire society (?)ust give takes highly. Through the different characteristics of Xinxiang City community service needs of older persons to take care of the situation, to further explore the ability of services to meet their needs.
The introduction introduction part has outlined the background which, the research significance this article selects a topic, considered the service to the community the related concept to carry on the limits, and carried on to its related literature has combed, the induction, was the entire chapter article theory upholstery. This article studies the design part, mainly has used the questionnaire survey research technique. The questionnaire is mainly composed of three parts, including the senior citizen characteristic, the community considers the service demand and the community considers the service supplies ability present situation. Carries on the collection data through the questionnaire, and carries on the statistical analysis to the data. The article studied has mainly used the questionnaire survey research technique.According to the senior citizen demand theory, has constructed this article research model.The questionnaire mainly is composed by three meters, including the senior citizen characteristic variable, the community looks after the service demand meter and the community looks after the service present situation meter.Carries on the collection data through the questionnaire, and carries on the statistical analysis to the data.The service demand decision service supplies standpoint, understood the community senior citizen's service demand can advance the community to consider the service effectively the development.Therefore, we in the Hsinhsiang city 12 areas (city) the county, consider the service demand to senior citizen's community to carry on the investigation.Mainly uses descriptive statistical analysis methods and so on statistical analysis, correlation analysis in the data analysis.The article in carries on the statistical analysis after the questionnaire, discovered the medical health care service demand is the current senior citizen most urgent demand, next serves the demand for the leisure entertainment.Moreover also discovered the sex, the marital status and the financial circumstance have the remarkable influence to the senior citizen daily life service demand; Age. bodily condition and senior citizen's medical health care service demand existence certain correlation; The age, the working condition and the state of health console the service to senior citizen's spirit to have the remarkable influence; Age, educational background, financial circumstance and state of health and senior citizen's leisure entertainment service demand degree present correlational dependence; But. the overall looked that, affects the community to consider the service demand the factor is compound, but non-some sole factor. Different characteristics of the elderly in the community care services on the basis of the needs of the elderly to evaluate the ability of community care services, because the supply of the elderly is to provide the needs of older persons, through the supply of community care for the elderly to describe the situation analysis, To improve community care services, improve the lives of older persons to the satisfaction of the community to provide information. Finally, the conclusion, through the foregoing conclusions are as follows:1, community care service providers should strive to meet the need to take care of the elderly, day care for the elderly, and other integrated services, so that old people in their own living environment to achieve old age 2, the functions of family care can not be discarded. Not all communities are free lunch, we can not be understood as a free lunch for community services.3, to assist people in need of care into the community, the establishment of community building based professional organizations, social workers and community organizations involved in social work, in particular accelerating the building of professional community workers.4, the effective integration of resources, boost "to supporting the old" pattern of.5, government and community partnerships.6, or rebuilt in new facilities, should be carefully considered economic conditions of the elderly have different needs, different from the actual conditions to determine the construction of toll facilities and management level.7, relying on technological innovation to improve the efficiency of community care services to improve their level of service.Not next year along with the senior citizen advanced age, the spatial nest as well as the family miniaturization, the core development, the education level enhancement, the community will look after becomes the main attendance way.The establishment looks after take the senior citizen demand as the guidance community serves, to solves senior citizen's care problem, the construction harmonious society has the profound significance.
引文
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