奥巴马政府的东南亚公共外交
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摘要
随着国际形势的发展,以彰显“软实力”为主要标志的公共外交越来越成为各国开展对外关系的重要选择。自2009年奥巴马接手白宫以来,美国针对前任布什政府在东南亚外交上“善意忽视”所造成的美国在东南亚影响力缺失的问题,采取了更加灵活和务实的公共外交措施,逐步改善美国在东南亚的国家形象。论文结合历史分析和实证分析的方法分析了奥巴马政府在东南亚的公共外交新举措及其公共外交政策调整的动因,并阐述了由此对东南亚地区和周边大国带来的影响,旨在为中国采取有效的应对措施提供理论和现实依据。
论文首先介绍了公共外交的起源和发展,并对公共外交的概念进行了明确阐述,辨析了与公共外交容易混淆的几个相关概念。结合东南亚地区的特点及政治结构,论文分析了东南亚地区的主要政治力量——东盟的特点及其发挥的作用,详细阐述了奥巴马政府在东南亚地区开展公共外交的新措施。包括美国领导人“重返东南亚”开展公关外交,结合新兴网络媒体高科技开展的新媒体外交以及进一步加强美国与东南亚国家之间的教育文化交流,充分发挥美国的“软实力”。由于美国是最早提出并实施公共外交政策的国家,论文阐述了美国近些年公共外交的理念及其执行机构与体制,分析了美国公共外交的目标。然后详细分析了美国在东南亚开展公共外交的主要原因。
最后,论文分析了奥巴马政府的东南亚公共外交政策对该地区、美国本身以及中国产生的影响,其中详细阐述了东盟对美国重返东南亚的态度。同时,关于中国如何应对美国在东南亚的一系列公共外交举措提出了几点建议。
With the development of international situation, public diplomacy as a main indicator of highlighting“soft power”, is becoming to be an important choice for external relations. When Obama took over the White House of America in 2009, the U.S. government started to improve the image of the United States in Southeast Asia with more flexible and pragmatic public diplomacy measures, aiming at resolving the problem of missing influence of America in Southeast Asia because of the former Bush administration’s“goodwill neglect”. The thesis combines the methods of historical analysis and empirical analysis to analyse the main contents, reasons and influence of the new public diplomacy measures of Obama administration in Southeast Asia, which aims to provide the oretical and practical basis for China to take effective measures.
The origin and development of public diplomacy are introduced, the concept of public diplomacy is elaborated clearly, and several related concepts which are easy to be confused with public diplomacy are analyzed. Combined with the characteristics and political structures of Southeast Asia, the paper analyzes the characteristics and the role of the major political forces in Southeast Asia– the ASEAN, and elaborates the new public diplomacy measures carried out by Obama administration in Southeast Asia in details, including public diplomacy carried out by American leaders in“return to Southeast Asia”, new media diplomacy, and cultural and educational exchanges between the USA and the ASEAN. Because the United States is the first nation that proposed and implemented public diplomacy, the philosophy, implementing agencies and institutions of U.S. public diplomacy in recent years are elaborated, and the objectives of the U.S. public diplomacy are analyzed. Then, the main motivation of U.S. public diplomacy in Southeast Asia is analyzed in details.
The influence of America’s public diplomacy in Southeast Asia to the countries of this area, the attitude of the ASEAN towards America’s“return”, and the influence to America and China must be considered. Some suggestions about China how to deal with the public diplomacy measures of America in Southeast Asia are proposed in the end.
论文首先介绍了公共外交的起源和发展,并对公共外交的概念进行了明确阐述,辨析了与公共外交容易混淆的几个相关概念。结合东南亚地区的特点及政治结构,论文分析了东南亚地区的主要政治力量——东盟的特点及其发挥的作用,详细阐述了奥巴马政府在东南亚地区开展公共外交的新措施。包括美国领导人“重返东南亚”开展公关外交,结合新兴网络媒体高科技开展的新媒体外交以及进一步加强美国与东南亚国家之间的教育文化交流,充分发挥美国的“软实力”。由于美国是最早提出并实施公共外交政策的国家,论文阐述了美国近些年公共外交的理念及其执行机构与体制,分析了美国公共外交的目标。然后详细分析了美国在东南亚开展公共外交的主要原因。
最后,论文分析了奥巴马政府的东南亚公共外交政策对该地区、美国本身以及中国产生的影响,其中详细阐述了东盟对美国重返东南亚的态度。同时,关于中国如何应对美国在东南亚的一系列公共外交举措提出了几点建议。
With the development of international situation, public diplomacy as a main indicator of highlighting“soft power”, is becoming to be an important choice for external relations. When Obama took over the White House of America in 2009, the U.S. government started to improve the image of the United States in Southeast Asia with more flexible and pragmatic public diplomacy measures, aiming at resolving the problem of missing influence of America in Southeast Asia because of the former Bush administration’s“goodwill neglect”. The thesis combines the methods of historical analysis and empirical analysis to analyse the main contents, reasons and influence of the new public diplomacy measures of Obama administration in Southeast Asia, which aims to provide the oretical and practical basis for China to take effective measures.
The origin and development of public diplomacy are introduced, the concept of public diplomacy is elaborated clearly, and several related concepts which are easy to be confused with public diplomacy are analyzed. Combined with the characteristics and political structures of Southeast Asia, the paper analyzes the characteristics and the role of the major political forces in Southeast Asia– the ASEAN, and elaborates the new public diplomacy measures carried out by Obama administration in Southeast Asia in details, including public diplomacy carried out by American leaders in“return to Southeast Asia”, new media diplomacy, and cultural and educational exchanges between the USA and the ASEAN. Because the United States is the first nation that proposed and implemented public diplomacy, the philosophy, implementing agencies and institutions of U.S. public diplomacy in recent years are elaborated, and the objectives of the U.S. public diplomacy are analyzed. Then, the main motivation of U.S. public diplomacy in Southeast Asia is analyzed in details.
The influence of America’s public diplomacy in Southeast Asia to the countries of this area, the attitude of the ASEAN towards America’s“return”, and the influence to America and China must be considered. Some suggestions about China how to deal with the public diplomacy measures of America in Southeast Asia are proposed in the end.
引文
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③Hans N. Tuch. Communicating in the World: U.S. Public Diplomacy Overseas[M]. New York:St.Martin’s Press, 1990: 60-68
④唐小松.中国公共外交的发展及体系构建[J].现代国际关系,2006(2):42
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③陈乐民,周荣耀.西方外交思想史[M].北京:中国社会科学院出版社,1995:2
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②赵启正.由民间外交到公共外交(外交学院学报)[N].外交评论,2009(5):3
①孙叔林.当代亚太政治[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2002-12:211
②同上
③同上
①刘少华.后冷战时期东盟在亚太区域合作中的地位与作用研究[D].2008-4-10:79
①马建英.奥巴马的外交政策与中美关系展望[N].和平与发展,2009(1):59-71
②Douglas Stone. Obama Foreign Policy Team Tacks Left[N]. The National Conservative Weekly,No.21.2008
③马建英.奥巴马的外交政策与中美关系展望[N].和平与发展,2009(1):59-71
①[日]金子将史,[日]北野充.公共外交-舆论时代的外交战略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010:28
②同上
①颜希硕.“攻心之战”—伊拉克战争后的美国公共外交[J].法制与社会,2007-7:59
②赵可金.公共外交的理论与实践[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2007:279
③[日]金子将史,[日]北野充.公共外交-舆论时代的外交战略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010:22
①唐小松.中国公共外交的发展及体系构建[J].现代国际关系,2006(02):41-43
①U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy[R]. Annul Report, 2002:22
②李益波.浅析奥巴马政府的东南亚外交[J].东南亚研究,2009(6):57
①张锡镇.中国在东南亚的软实力和中美关系[J].南洋问题研究,2009(4):1-10
①Joshua Kurlantzick. Pax Asia-Pacifica:East Asian Integration and Its Implications for the United States[J]. The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2007
②唐小松.论中国公共外交的两条战线[J].现代国际关系,2007(8):42-46
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②相蓝欣.戒言崛起,慎言和谐[N].联合早报,2006(3)
①李庆四.中美软实力外交比较研究[J].教学与研究,2009(3):46-52
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②Hans N. Tuch. Communicating in the World: U.S. Public Diplomacy Overseas[M]. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990: 102
①John Hohenberg. New Era in the Pacific: An Adventure in Public Diplomacy[M]. New York, 1997: 78-85
②刘炳香.公共外交:理论、实践及对中国的借鉴[D].硕士学位论文,中共中央党校,2006:1
①仇朝兵.九一一事件后美国对印度尼西亚的公共外交[J].美国研究,2007(02):35-36
①[日]金子将史,[日]北野充.公共外交-舆论时代的外交战略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010:2
①Eytan Gilboa. Mass Communication and Diplomacy: A Theoretical Frame Work Communication Theory[J]. 2000 (3): 275-309
①Harold Nicolson. Diplomacy[J]. Georgetown University Press, 1988-11: 33-41
②America’s Overseas Presence in the 21th Century[R]. Report of the Overseas Presence Advisory Panel,1999(11): 32
③Hans N. Tuch. Communicating in the World: U.S. Public Diplomacy Overseas[M]. New York:St.Martin’s Press, 1990: 60-68
④唐小松.中国公共外交的发展及体系构建[J].现代国际关系,2006(2):42
①[日]金子将史,[日]北野充.公共外交-舆论时代的外交战略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010:5
②赵可金.公共外交的理论与实践[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2007:21
③陈乐民,周荣耀.西方外交思想史[M].北京:中国社会科学院出版社,1995:2
①叶靓,邵育群.美国“公共外交2.0”:现状与发展趋势[J].当代世界,2010(03):38
②赵启正.由民间外交到公共外交(外交学院学报)[N].外交评论,2009(5):3
①孙叔林.当代亚太政治[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2002-12:211
②同上
③同上
①刘少华.后冷战时期东盟在亚太区域合作中的地位与作用研究[D].2008-4-10:79
①马建英.奥巴马的外交政策与中美关系展望[N].和平与发展,2009(1):59-71
②Douglas Stone. Obama Foreign Policy Team Tacks Left[N]. The National Conservative Weekly,No.21.2008
③马建英.奥巴马的外交政策与中美关系展望[N].和平与发展,2009(1):59-71
①[日]金子将史,[日]北野充.公共外交-舆论时代的外交战略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010:28
②同上
①颜希硕.“攻心之战”—伊拉克战争后的美国公共外交[J].法制与社会,2007-7:59
②赵可金.公共外交的理论与实践[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2007:279
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①唐小松.中国公共外交的发展及体系构建[J].现代国际关系,2006(02):41-43
①U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy[R]. Annul Report, 2002:22
②李益波.浅析奥巴马政府的东南亚外交[J].东南亚研究,2009(6):57
①张锡镇.中国在东南亚的软实力和中美关系[J].南洋问题研究,2009(4):1-10
①Joshua Kurlantzick. Pax Asia-Pacifica:East Asian Integration and Its Implications for the United States[J]. The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2007
②唐小松.论中国公共外交的两条战线[J].现代国际关系,2007(8):42-46
①李庆四.中美软实力外交比较研究[J].教学与研究,2009(3):46-52
②相蓝欣.戒言崛起,慎言和谐[N].联合早报,2006(3)
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