肩痛穴平衡针法治疗急性期肩周炎的临床研究
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摘要
肩周炎是临床上的多发病,是40岁以上人群中的常见病,急性期疼痛难忍,严重影响着人们的身体健康,对日常工作、学习及生活也会造成不同程度的影响。目前,西方医学在治疗急性期的肩周炎上,主要以口服消炎止痛药为主,治标不治本,且副作用明显;而针灸则有着明显的镇痛作用,且在治疗不同时期的肩周炎上都有着明显的疗效,无毒副作用而简便,但存在选穴繁多、零乱的现象,操作也欠缺一定的规范性。因此,规范操作及优化治疗方案,对针灸治疗急性期肩周炎有着重要的意义。
     目的:
     探讨肩痛穴平衡针法治疗急性期肩周炎的临床疗效性及特异性,为针灸治疗急性期肩周炎提供临床依据,规范选穴及操作,优化治疗方案。
     方法:
     从台湾的明医中医诊所选择符合观察条件的急性期肩周炎患者90例,按1:1:1随机分成三组,即治疗组Ⅰ(传统针刺组:在患侧常规选取十四经穴进行针刺,采用传统的针刺手法)、治疗组Ⅱ(肩痛穴组:取健侧肩痛穴,采用平衡针刺法)及治疗组Ⅲ(综合治疗组:肩痛穴平衡针刺法后,按照传统针刺法进行治疗),每组30例。三组均每天进行治疗,7天为一个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程,每个疗程中间休息2天,治疗结束后随访1个月。比较三组不同时期肩部疼痛和肩关节活动功能评定指标、疼痛测评量表MPQ及生存质量评价的变化,分析三组病例的近期及远期临床疗效,建立数据库,运用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。
     结果:
     1.治疗前一般资料的比较
     本研究共收集完整病例90例,年龄最小45岁,最大73岁;病程最短1天,最长达10天;男性43例,女性47例。入选患者中只有1例存在双侧肩关节同时发病者,其余均为单侧发病。治疗前,三组患者在性别、年龄、病程、病情严重程度、肩部功能活动、MPQ积分及生存质量简表(WHO QOL-BREF)积分上,均无显著差异(P>0.05),组间具有可比性。
     2.治疗后临床疗效的比较
     经治疗,治疗组Ⅰ共痊愈4例(13.33%),显效6例(20.00%),有效12例(40.00%),无效8例(26.67%),总有效率73.33%;治疗组Ⅱ共痊愈12例(40.00%),显效7例(23.33%),有效9例(30.00%),无效2例(6.67%)总有效率93.33%;治疗组Ⅲ共痊愈20例(66.67%),显效8例(26.67%),有效1例(3.33%),无效1例(3.33%),总有效率96.67%。三种治疗方法均有明确的疗效,但治疗组Ⅱ及治疗组Ⅲ的疗效明显优于治疗组Ⅰ,治疗组Ⅲ的疗效也优于治疗组Ⅱ,综合疗法可体现出疗效叠加、强化治疗的效果。
     3.肩部疼痛程度的比较(MPQ量表)
     1疗程及2疗程结束后,三组患者的MPQ总积分均有明显的下降,P=0.00<0.01,差异非常显著。可见三种治疗方法对缓解肩周炎患者急性期的疼痛均有有明显的作用。随访1个月后,患者的MPQ积分未见明显回升,P>0.05,无明显差异,故可认为,三组的远期疗效明确,停止治疗后未见病情的反复。
     1疗程结束后,组间经q检验(Newman-Keuls法),均得P<0.01,差异非常显著,其中,治疗前后的差值最大为治疗组Ⅲ,其次是疗组Ⅱ,最小为治疗组Ⅰ。可见,经治疗,三种治疗方法对缓解肩周炎患者急性期的疼痛均有有明显的作用,其中采用肩痛穴平衡针法配合传统针刺法的综合治疗方法的疗效更加明显,两组治疗方法配合治疗可起到疗效叠加的结果;同时,在治疗的早期,在缓解肩周炎急性期疼痛的效果上,针刺肩痛穴比传统针刺的效果稍好。
     2疗程结束后,组间经q检验(Newman-Keuls法),治疗组Ⅰ与治疗组Ⅱ治疗组Ⅰ与疗组Ⅲ均得P<0.01,差异非常显著,即治疗组Ⅱ及疗组Ⅲ的疗效比治疗组Ⅰ更好。而治疗组Ⅱ与疗组Ⅲ比较得P>0.05,无明显差异,即经2个疗程治疗后,治疗组Ⅱ与疗组Ⅲ的疗效无明显差异。
     4.疼痛性质的比较
     本研究所纳入病例中,疼痛性质主要集中在痉挛牵扯痛、胀痛及触痛,且经检验,在治疗前,痉挛牵扯痛、胀痛及触痛的病例分布不存在差异(P>0.05),组间具有可比性。
     在改善患者胀痛的感觉上,三组的疗效经比较无明显差异(P=0.69>0.05);在改善患者痉挛牵扯痛上,三组间经比较得P=0.04<0.05,组间存在明显差异,其中治疗组Ⅰ与治疗组Ⅱ比较得P=0.04<0.05,组间差异显著;治疗组Ⅰ与疗组Ⅲ比较得P=0.02<0.05,组间差异显著;治疗组Ⅱ与疗组Ⅲ比较得P=0.10>0.05,组间无明显差异;在改善患者触痛的感觉上,三组的疗效经比较无明显差异(P=0.87>0.05)。提示:三种治疗方法在缓解肩周炎胀痛及触痛上不存在差异,但在缓解肩部痉挛牵扯痛上,治疗组Ⅱ及治疗组Ⅲ的疗效无明显差异,而且均优于治疗组Ⅰ
     5.肩关节功能活动的比较
     每个疗程结束后,三组患者的肩关节活动功能积分均有明显的下降,P=0.00<0.01,差异非常显著。可见三种治疗方法对改善患者肩关节活动功能均有有明显的作用。随访1个月后,患者的肩关节活动功能积分未见明显回升,P>0.05,无明显差异,故可认为,三组的远期疗效明确,停止治疗后未见病情的反复。
     1疗程结束后,组间经q检验(Newman-Keuls法),均得P<0.01,差异非常显著,其中,治疗前后的差值最大为治疗组Ⅲ,其次是治疗组Ⅱ,最小为治疗组Ⅰ。可见,经治疗,三种治疗方法对改善患者肩关节活动功能均有有明显的作用,其中综合疗法治疗可起到疗效叠加的结果;同时,在治疗的早期,在改善患者肩关节活动功能的效果上,针刺肩痛穴比传统针刺的效果稍好。
     两个疗程结束后,组间经9检验(Newman-Keul s法),治疗组Ⅰ与治疗组Ⅱ、治疗组Ⅰ与疗组Ⅲ均得P<0.01,差异非常显著,即治疗组Ⅱ及疗组Ⅲ的疗效比治疗组Ⅰ更好。而治疗组Ⅱ与疗组Ⅲ比较得P>0.05,无明显差异,即经两个疗程治疗后,治疗组Ⅱ与疗组Ⅲ的疗效无明显差异。
     6.生存质量的变化(WHO QOL-BREF量表)
     经治疗,三组患者生存质量总分,在治疗前后组内比较均得P<0.01,差异非常显著。故可认为三组患者的生存质量在治疗后均有明显改善。其中,治疗组Ⅰ只有在生存质量主观感觉、健康状况主观感觉、生理领域及心理领域上有所改善(P<0.05),当中又以生理领域的改善最为明显(P<0.01),而社会关系及环境领域在治疗前后并为发生变化(P>0.05)。治疗组Ⅱ则同样在社会关系及环境领域上无明显改善(P>0.05),但在健康状况主观感觉及生理领域上有着非常显著的改善(P<0.01)。治疗组Ⅲ除了在环境领域上无明显差异外(P>0.05),其余5个领域在治疗后均有明显的改善(P<0.05),而当中又以生存质量主观感觉、健康状况主观感觉及生理领域的改善最为明显(P<0.01)。
     结论:
     1.传统针刺、肩痛穴平衡针法与综合疗法均对急性期肩周炎有明显的治疗效果,三种疗法不但可以缓解急性期肩周炎患者的疼痛,改善肩关节的活动功能,而且可以从整体上提高患者的生存质量。此外,针刺治疗肩周炎的远期疗效明显,复发率低。
     2.在传统针刺的治疗基础上,加以肩痛穴平衡针刺法可以加强疗效,肩痛穴对肩周炎有明显的治疗作用,且配合传统针刺治疗,可起到疗效叠加的作用。
     3.肩痛穴及传统针刺均可治疗肩周炎,且疗效明确。但肩痛穴在改善患者疼痛程度、关节活动功能上,见效相对较快。其中,针刺肩痛穴对减轻患者肩部痉挛牵扯痛的效果优于传统针刺。
     4.肩痛穴平衡针法对急性期肩周炎有特殊的治疗作用,在临床治疗中应加以推广应用。
Objective
     To evaluate and compare the curative effect and dominance of acupuncture by Jiantong point, on acute periarthritis of shoulder. And to find the best acupuncture prescription of acute periarthritis of shoulder.
     Methods
     Ninety cases of acute periarthritis of shoulder were chosen, and divided randomly into Group I (n=30, treated with traditional acupuncture.), Group II (n=30, treated only with Jiantong point.), and GroupIII (n=30, treated with traditional acupuncture plus Jiantong point.)
     All of them were treated once a day. Seven days was a course. After treated for two courses, they were followed up after the treatment for one month. The main symptoms and physical signs of acute periarthritis of shoulder, the score of MPQ, and the quality of life (WHO QOL-BREF) were compared between the three groups, before and after every course of treatment. The short-term and long-term curative effect was observed. The measurement data was analyzed by t test, and the enumeration data was analyzed by chi-square test.
     Results
     1. The general information before treatment
     There were ninety cases with forty-there male and forty-seven female. The youngest was four-five years old, and the eldest was seventy-there years old. All the case of the three groups had no difference of sexuality, age, course of disease and all the index of curative effect.
     2. The comparison of curative efficacy
     Treated by two courses, the Group I cured four examples, and six examples had excellent effect, twelve examples had been better, and eight examples had no effect. The Group Ⅱ cured twelve examples, and seven examples had excellent effect, nine examples had been better, and two example had no effect. The Group Ⅲ cured twenty examples, and eight examples had excellent effect, one examples had been better, and one examples had no effect. All the three methods of treatment had good effect on acute per arthritis of shoulder. And the Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ had better than Group I, white the Group Ⅲ has the best effect.
     3. The comparison of shoulder pain assessment (McGill Pain Questionnaire)
     By statistical analysis, after the three courses treatment, all the patients of the three groups have been greatly improved (P=0.00<0.01) Followed for one month, all the patients'McGill pain Questionnaire score never changes. That means the shoulder pain do not get back yet, all the three methods have a low relapse rate.
     After the first course treatment, the McGill pain Questionnaire score of the three group has statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Group Ⅲ has the best effect, and the Group Ⅱ has the better effect, white the Group I has a little change of the McGill pain Questionnaire score. So that, we can think that the Jiantong point with balance acupuncture is faster in improving the shoulder pain, than the traditional acupuncture therapy. After the second course treatment, the McGill pain Questionnaire score of the Group Ⅰ has difference, comparing with Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ (P<0.01), white Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ has no difference in the McGill pain Questionnaire score.
     4. The comparison of the feeling of the shoulder pain
     In this research, the patients'feeling of shoulder pain is almost tenderness, swelling pain, and the spasm of referred pain. After the treatment, the three group has no difference in improving the feeling of tenderness, and the feeling of swelling pain(P>0.05). But they have significant difference in releasing the spasm of referred pain(P=0.04<0.05). Group Ⅲ has the best effect, and the Group Ⅱ has the better effect, on releasing the spasm of referred pain.
     5. The comparison of shoulder joint function
     By statistical analysis, after the three courses treatment, all the patients of the three groups have been greatly improved in the shoulder joint function (P=0.00<0.01). Followed for one month, all the patients'shoulder joint function score never changes. That means the shoulder joint function do not get worse yet, all the three methods have a low relapse rate.
     After the first course treatment, the shoulder joint function score of the three group has statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Group Ⅲ has the best effect, and the Group Ⅱ has the better effect, white the Group I has a little change of the shoulder joint function score. So that, we can think that the Jiantong point with balance acupuncture is better in improving the shoulder pain, than the traditional acupuncture therapy. After the second course treatment, the shoulder joint function score of the Group I has difference, comparing with Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ (P<0.01), white Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ has no difference in the shoulder joint function score.
     6. The comparison of the quality of life (WHO QOL-BREF)
     All the three groups have remarkable effect on improving the quality of life, by the analysis of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF score (P<0.01). And the result also shows that the score of Group Ⅲ is significantly improved, which has the statistical significant difference. And Group Ⅱ has the better effect on raising the quality of life than Group Ⅰ. Conclusions
     Acupuncture has remarkable effect on the acute per arthritis of shoulder, with the balance acupuncture of the Jiantong point having better effect. The balance acupuncture of the Jiantong point plusing the traditional acupuncture can inforce the effect, so we should extend the application of the Jiantong point on curing the acute periarthritis of shoulder.
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