乳杆菌发酵产物与中药协同对皮肤消毒作用的研究
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摘要
消毒是用化学、物理或生物的方法杀灭或清除传播媒介上病原微生物,使其达到无传播感染水平上的处理过程。皮肤消毒主要是预防外科切口感染、控制皮肤黏上病原微生物。目前应用最多的是化学消毒剂,多数化学消毒剂用于医疗器械和物品的消毒,部分化学消毒剂经稀释至一定浓度时可用于皮肤黏的消毒。化学消毒剂消毒效果虽好,但存在稳定性差、有些消毒剂对人体有毒性作用、有一定的刺激性异味等缺点。以中药、植物药为原料的消毒剂在市场上仅占较小的比例,近年来也有研究益生菌生态消毒剂的报道,但未见有研究益生菌发酵产物与中药协同消毒效果的报道。乳杆菌等益生菌发酵产物及中草药具有良好抑菌效果、对皮肤刺激性小、无异味、不易产生耐药菌株等优点。
     本实验以乳杆菌和双歧杆菌为研究对象,测定了两株菌的生长曲线及pH值变化曲线,其中乳杆菌大约在接种后16h进入稳定期,第18h发酵液pH值可降至3.68;而双歧杆菌延滞期较长,对数生长期约在接种后12h-20h,接种后第24h pH值为4.51。根据皮肤所带菌群的特点和《消毒技术规范》的规定,将大肠杆菌ATCC8099和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538作为体外抑菌实验的指示菌,采用平皿打孔法测定了乳杆菌和双歧杆菌抑制指示菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,乳杆菌发酵上清液抑菌效果较好,抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为19.5mm和21.3mm,而且乳杆菌发酵上清液具有良好的热稳定性,所以选择乳杆菌发酵上清液作为益生菌发酵产物的代表。
     本实验从具有清热解毒、抗菌抗病毒的中草药中选择了8味:黄柏、丁香、大黄、乌梅、金银花、连翘、五味子、黄芩。将这8味中草药进行水提、醇提,采用平皿打孔法测定了提取物对指示菌的体外抑菌效果。大多数单味中草药提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用强于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径大于15mm,只有金银花水提液的抑菌圈直径为9.4mm。单味中药提取物中对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果最好的是丁香水提液,抑菌圈直径为19.5mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌效果最好的是大黄醇提液,抑菌圈直径是20.4mm。综合比较各味中药对指示菌的抑制作用,水提液中抑菌活性较好的是:黄芩水提液、大黄水提液、乌梅水提液、丁香水提液。醇提液中抑菌活性较好的是:五味子醇提液、大黄醇提液、丁香醇提液。
     从大黄、黄芩、乌梅、丁香四味中药中随机选取两味以上中药,按等比例分别组成三个组方并用水提法提取;从大黄、五味子、丁香中随机选取两味以上中药,也按等比例分别组成三个组方并用醇提法提取,再将这六个组方的提取液分别与乳杆菌发酵上清液组合。六个组方中,Ⅵ组方:(丁香+五味子)醇提液+乳杆菌发酵上清液对指示菌的抑制效果均优于其它五个组方,抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为22.2mm和23.7mm,最低抑菌浓度分别是1:128和1:256。经测定Ⅵ号组方的pH值为5.41,在人体皮肤正常pH值4.0-6.0范围内,。
     为验证所选组方的消毒效果,测定了该组方的体外抑菌曲线,结果表明在其最低抑菌浓度(1MIC)时可明显抑制大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌的生长,8h即可将大肠杆菌全部杀灭,而7h就能将金黄色葡萄球菌全部杀死。运用正交实验的方法选择组方适合的中和剂,实验表明中和剂最佳组合为0.5%卵磷脂、1.0%甘氨酸、5.0%吐温80、0.5%硫代硫酸钠。根据《消毒技术规范》的要求进行微生物杀灭实验(采用细菌悬液定量杀菌实验法),结果组方原液对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌作用2min杀灭率均可达到99.99%。为检测皮肤消毒剂对皮肤的刺激性,进行了对豚鼠皮肤刺激性反应实验,经连续多次给药后皮肤刺激性反应平均分值均小于0.49,按照《中药新药临床前研究指导原则》属于“无刺激性”,因此实验所用组方具有较高安全性。为检验组方抗感染效果,建立了小鼠感染表皮葡萄球菌模型,结果显示低剂量组与空白对照组比较,小鼠因皮肤感染引起的死亡率降低了20%,高、中剂量组没有死亡,说明该组方有良好的抗感染作用。为测定组方对皮肤表面细菌的杀灭作用,进行了皮肤消毒现场实验,经过对10名受试者现场实验证明,消毒前受试者皮肤表面自然菌数平均值为613cfu/cm~2,经消毒剂原液擦拭消毒1min后自然菌数平均值为24cfu/cm~2,平均降低对数值为1.41>1.00,说明该组方基本符合标准。
     通过以上实验的研究,证明本实验所选组方的消毒效果好、刺激性小、性质温和。避免了化学消毒剂刺激性气味较大、不能直接用于皮肤消毒等缺点,拓展了乳杆菌等益生菌的应用,有效的利用了中草药抗菌、抗病毒效果好、副作用小的优点。
Disinfectants are usedto kill the pathogenic microorganisms on the media.Skin disinfectants are used tokill pathogenic microorganisms on skin. For skin disinfection agents there are special requirements tostrictly choice. Now we always use chemosterilant which is attenuated can be used on skin. Chemosterilanthas good disinfection,but it can not be used on skin directly and the flavour is very incentive.Investigatorsdeveloped some disinfectants that was composed of traditional Chinese drug or Lactobacillus.No onestudied to combine traditional Chinese drug with Lactobacillus. The effective of bacteriostasis are verywell,there are no abnormal flavour and no incentive, drug resistant strain can not be occurrenced forChinese herbs and Lactobacillus.We try to develop a skin disinfectants which combined traditional Chinesedrug with Lactobacillus fermentation, detect the effective of disinfection and anti-infection.
     We determined the growth curve and pH curve of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The growingnumber of Lactobacillus is 4-18h, after 18h entering basic stable, pH down to 3.68. Bifidobacterium of thisexperiment has longer lag, the growing number of post-vaccination is 12h-24h, after 24h pH down to4.51. Using dish drilling method for the determination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in vitroantibacterial activity. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria without inhibition Zone on its in vitroantibacterial effective. The difference of Lactobacillus (Bifidobacterium) fermentation and fermentationsupernatant liquid in antibacterial effect is not significant. Lactobacillus fermentation supernatant has goodthermal stability. So choice well inhibitory effect and stability lactobacillus supematant as a disinfectantsome probiotic fermentation product representatives.
     We chose eight Chinese herbs: Flos Caryophylli, Flos Lonicerae, Radix et Rhizomarbei, FructusSchisandrae,Radix Scutellarise,Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Forsythiae,Fructus Mume. Extraction thseseight Chinese herbs for water or ethanol. Most Chinese herbs extract (extract water and alcohol extract) havestrong inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus than E. coli Inhibition. Water extract of Flos Caryophyliiinhibited E. coli bacteria diameter of 19.5ram. Water extract of Radix et Rhizomarbei inhibitedStaphylococcus aureus bacteria diameter of 20.4mm.
     Selected more than tow Chinese herbs from Flos Caryophylli. Radix et Rhizomarbei, Radix Scutellarise,Fructus Mum.to extract with water. Selected more than tow Chinese herbs from Flos Caryophylli.Radix etRhizomarbei,Fructus Schisandrae extract with alcohol. With lactic acid fermentation supernatant groupcomposed of six parties. (Flos Caryophylli+,Fructus Schisandrae)water extract+lactobacillus supernatantof E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus inhibitory effect than the other five groups are a good side,the inhibition zone diameter of 22.2mm and23.7mm.The pH of that prescription is 5.41, within normal human skin pH4.0-6.0.
     Determination of the in vitro antibacterial disinfectant curve. It will kill all E. col In 8h i, and will be ableto kill Staphylococcus aureus 7h. Using orthogonal test to select neutralizer of disinfectant. The bestcombination of 0.5%lecithin, glycine 1.0%, 5.0%Tween 80,0.5%sodium thiosulfate. Disinfectants on E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus role 2min killing rate could reach 99.99%. After administration hasrepeatedly skin irritation response was less than the average score of 0.49. Staphylococcus epidermidisinfections establish an animal modell to note disinfectant has good anti-infection. Skin disinfectantdisinfection field test, to note disinfectants meet the requirements.
     Through those study, Proved that the development of the test is a disinfectant with effective disinfection,irritating small, mild disinfectant. Avoiding the chemical disinfectants of larger irritating smell, not directlyfor skin disinfection and other shortcomings, expanding the using of Lactobacillus. It is effective to useChinese herbs.
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