正挤压—等径道弯曲制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料研究
|
摘要
Mg-Al-Zn系合金是最为广泛使用的铸造镁合金。目前镁合金半固态坯料的制备方法还不完善,很难应用于实际生产。等径道转角挤压(ECAP)是制备镁合金半固态坯料的一种塑性成形技术。但是等径道弯曲法制备的镁合金半固态坯料小,并且要经过多道次挤压以获得大的等效应变。为此本文提出了一种崭新的方法:正挤压-等径道弯曲法。用这种方法制备镁合金半固态坯料,可以用直径较大的棒料进行挤压,实现批量生产,经过一道正挤压工序,其等效应变也会增大,不需要多道次弯曲,简化了制备工艺,为制备AZ91D镁合金半固态提供了一种新思路。
本文以AZ91D镁合金为研究对象,探讨了正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料的可行性;在挤压变形条件下,等效应变和等温处理温度及时间对半固态等温组织的影响规律,目的在于确定适合于AZ91D的形变工艺参数,为SIMA法生产镁合金半固态坯料的工业化提供依据。实验表明:正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料是可行的;用这种方法法制备的AZ91D镁合金的微观组织晶粒比较细小,其中,挤压比为9.77与17.36的AZ91D镁合金的微观组织为细小的等轴晶;正挤压-等径道弯曲的等效应变越大,相对应的制备的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织越细小;随着保温时间的延长,正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织会出现长大现象;随着等温处理温度的升高,固相晶粒的平均尺寸先增加后减小,形状系数逐渐接近于1;挤压比为17.36,等温处理温度为550℃,保温时间为15min的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织明显优于其他坯料。
Mg-Al-Zn is the most widely used casting magnesium alloy. Presently, there have no perfect method for preparing semi-solid billet of magnesium alloy which is practical for industry. Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a plastic formation technology for the preparation of magnesium alloy semi-solid billet. However, magnesium alloy semi-solid billet produced by ECAP are very small, and sharp equivalent effective strain can be obtained only through repeated squeezing. A brand-new method for preparing semi-solid billet was put forward in this paper: Direct extrusion-ECAP. With this method, large diameter bars can be extruded, as a result, batch production become possible; meanwhile, equivalent effective strain would become greater after direct extrusion without multiple ECAP. While simplifying the producing technology, a new method for AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet preparation was offered.
Magnesium alloy AZ91D was employed as object investigated in the paper. The possibility of preparing AZ91D semi-solid billet with Direct extrusion-ECAP was analyzed; Under the circumstance of squeezing deformation, rules that semi-solid isothermal structure was affected under different equivalent effective strain, different temperature and different time of isothermal treatment were also studied in the paper, in order to disclosure suitable processing parameter for AZ91D alloy deformation, offer foundation for the industrialization of preparing magnesium alloy semi-solid billets with SIMA. The experiment shows that Direct extrusion-ECAP is a feasible method for magnesium alloy billet preparation. The microstructures crystal grain of AZ91D Magnesium alloy prepared with Direct extrusion-ECAP were rather fine. Microstructures of Magnesium alloy prepared with extrusion ratio 9.77 and 17.36 are equiax crystal. The greater the equivalent effective strain of Direct extrusion-ECAP, the better microstructures of semi-solid billets prepared with it becomes; as the soaking time prolong, the microstructures of semi-solid billets prepared with Direct extrusion-ECAP will grow. As the temperature of isothermal treatment rise, the average size of solid phase grains will initially increase then decrease, and the form factor approaches to 1 gradually. Microstructures of AZ91D Magnesium alloy billet prepared with extrusion ratio 17.36, isothermal treatment 550℃, soaking time 15min are prominently better than others.
本文以AZ91D镁合金为研究对象,探讨了正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料的可行性;在挤压变形条件下,等效应变和等温处理温度及时间对半固态等温组织的影响规律,目的在于确定适合于AZ91D的形变工艺参数,为SIMA法生产镁合金半固态坯料的工业化提供依据。实验表明:正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料是可行的;用这种方法法制备的AZ91D镁合金的微观组织晶粒比较细小,其中,挤压比为9.77与17.36的AZ91D镁合金的微观组织为细小的等轴晶;正挤压-等径道弯曲的等效应变越大,相对应的制备的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织越细小;随着保温时间的延长,正挤压-等径道弯曲法制备的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织会出现长大现象;随着等温处理温度的升高,固相晶粒的平均尺寸先增加后减小,形状系数逐渐接近于1;挤压比为17.36,等温处理温度为550℃,保温时间为15min的AZ91D半固态坯料的微观组织明显优于其他坯料。
Mg-Al-Zn is the most widely used casting magnesium alloy. Presently, there have no perfect method for preparing semi-solid billet of magnesium alloy which is practical for industry. Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a plastic formation technology for the preparation of magnesium alloy semi-solid billet. However, magnesium alloy semi-solid billet produced by ECAP are very small, and sharp equivalent effective strain can be obtained only through repeated squeezing. A brand-new method for preparing semi-solid billet was put forward in this paper: Direct extrusion-ECAP. With this method, large diameter bars can be extruded, as a result, batch production become possible; meanwhile, equivalent effective strain would become greater after direct extrusion without multiple ECAP. While simplifying the producing technology, a new method for AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet preparation was offered.
Magnesium alloy AZ91D was employed as object investigated in the paper. The possibility of preparing AZ91D semi-solid billet with Direct extrusion-ECAP was analyzed; Under the circumstance of squeezing deformation, rules that semi-solid isothermal structure was affected under different equivalent effective strain, different temperature and different time of isothermal treatment were also studied in the paper, in order to disclosure suitable processing parameter for AZ91D alloy deformation, offer foundation for the industrialization of preparing magnesium alloy semi-solid billets with SIMA. The experiment shows that Direct extrusion-ECAP is a feasible method for magnesium alloy billet preparation. The microstructures crystal grain of AZ91D Magnesium alloy prepared with Direct extrusion-ECAP were rather fine. Microstructures of Magnesium alloy prepared with extrusion ratio 9.77 and 17.36 are equiax crystal. The greater the equivalent effective strain of Direct extrusion-ECAP, the better microstructures of semi-solid billets prepared with it becomes; as the soaking time prolong, the microstructures of semi-solid billets prepared with Direct extrusion-ECAP will grow. As the temperature of isothermal treatment rise, the average size of solid phase grains will initially increase then decrease, and the form factor approaches to 1 gradually. Microstructures of AZ91D Magnesium alloy billet prepared with extrusion ratio 17.36, isothermal treatment 550℃, soaking time 15min are prominently better than others.
引文
[1] 康永林,毛卫民,胡壮麒.金属半固态加工理论与技术.北京:科学出版社,2004
[2] 毛卫民.半固态金属成形技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.6
[3] 唐靖林,曾大本.非枝晶半固态金属成形技术的发展概况.金属成形工艺,1997,15(5):43-48
[4] Hammond D E.Modern Casting,1989(8):29
[5] Fan Z,Ji S,Bevis M J.Twin-screw rheomoulding-A new semi-solid processing technology.Proc.of 6th Int.Conference,Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Editors:G.L.Chiametta-M,Rosso,Turin,Italy,Sept.27-29,2000.61-66
[6] 朱鸣芳,苏华钦.半固态等温处理制备粒状组织 ZA12 合金的研究.铸造,1996,(4):1-5
[7] Zhang Kui, Xu Jun, Shi Likai et al.Research and applications of SSP in China . Proc . of 6th Int Conference,Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Editors:G.L .Chiarmetta- M, Rosso, Turin,Italy,Sept.27~29, 2000,115-120
[8] 宋仁伯,康永林,杨雄飞,毛卫民等.电磁搅拌的半固态 60Si2Mn 变形特性.材料研究学报,2000,14(6):591-594
[9] Kang Yonglin, Yang Xiongfei, Song Renbo etal.Study on the deformation characteristics and laws of microstructure development of semi-solid 60Si2Mn during Compression, THERMEC2000, December . 2000, Lasvegas, NV, U.S.A(2000-12).26
[10]Pan Xianfeng, Zhang Haifeng, Wang Aimin etal.Trend and development of semi-solid metal processing.J.Mater.Sci.Technol.2000,16:453-460
[11]Kang Y L, An L, Wang K K etal.Experimental study on rheoforming of semi-solid magnesium alloys.Proceedings of the 7th S2P 2002.Tsukuba,Japan.2002, 287-292
[12]Lu G M, Cui J Z, Dong J et al.Continuous casting of Al alloy 7075 for semi-solid forming[A].Proc.of 6th Int.Conference, Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Turin,Italy,102, 2000,373-377
[13]路贵民,董杰,崔建忠等.液相线半连续铸造 7075Al 合金二次加热与触变成形.金属学报,2001,37(11):1184-1188
[14]罗守靖.半固态成形技术讲座.机械工人(热加工),2003(3):70-71
[15]陈振华等.镁合金.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.5
[16]吉泽新,吕新宇,王国军,郑小平,路维.镁合金半固态成形技术的研究进展.金属热处理,2003,28(5):8-11
[17]吉蕾蕾,耿浩然,王瑞.新型镁合金覆盖剂熔体物性的研究.中国基础科学,2004.(5):14-17
[18]李海宏,陈体军,郝远.镁合金半固态压铸触变成形技术的研究与进展.热加工工艺,2005(10):59-61
[19]Matuch K H.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys.Materials Science and Technology(8),Weinheim:VCH,1996
[20]王立世,段汉桥.混合稀土对 AZ91D 镁合金组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金,2002(3):12-15
[21]余琨,黎文献,李松瑞等.含稀土镁合金的研究与开发.特种铸造及有色合金,2001(1):41-44
[22]中国机械工程学会铸造分会.铸造手册.第 3 册.铸造非铁合金.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.10
[23]洪慎章.冷挤压实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.9
[24]翟德梅.挤压工艺及模具.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.7
[25]吴诗惇．挤压理论．北京:国防工业出版社,1994
[26]马怀宪.金属塑性加工学.冶金工业出版社,1994
[27]汪大年.金属塑性成形原理.机械工业出版社,1986
[28]罗吉荣,吴树森,夏巨湛.对当前镁合金研究与应用的几点认识.特种铸造及有色合金(2001 中国压铸,挤压铸造,半固态加工学术年会论文集):76-78
[29]王怀国,张景新,张奎,徐骏,石力开.AZ91D 镁合金的半固态加工研究. 特种铸造及有色合金,2003(4):10-13
[30]Matucha K H.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys.Materials Science and Technology(8),Weinheim:VCH ,1996
[31]Pan Xianfeng,Zhang Haifeng,Wang Aimin.Trend and development of semi-solid metal processing.Mater,2000(16) :453-460
[32]西北工业大学有色金属锻造编写组.有色金属锻造.国防工业出版社,1979
[33]洪深泽.挤压工艺及模具设计.机械工业出版社,1996.199-200
[34]李海江.镁合金挤压成形工艺数值模拟的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2003
[35]程俊伟,夏巨谌,王新云,胡国安,闫洪.AZ31 变形镁合金挤压成形工艺研究.金属成形工艺,2004, 22(3): 4-10
[36]郝 南 海 , 刘 祖 岩 . 平 面 纯 剪 切 大 变 形 等 效 应 变 分 析 . 塑 性 工 程 学报,2000,7(1):4-5
[37]宁志良,Wang H ,Davidson C J,刘殿奎.SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 半固态坯料枝晶衍变规律的研究.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2006,11(2):39-42
[38]袁森,夏明许,王武孝,蒋百灵,姚亮宇.形变镁合金半固态加热过程中的再结晶及晶粒球状化.材料热处理学报, 25(3): 62-65
[39]姚亮宇,袁森,王武孝,蒋百灵,唐文亭.SIMA 法处理 AZ91D 镁合金压缩形变及半固态等温组织的特征.中国有色金属学报, 2004,14(4):660-664
[40]申泽骥,李宝东.铸造镁合金熔炼技术进展.特种铸造及有色合金(2001 中国铸造、挤压铸造、半固态加工学术年会论文集)90-93
[41]罗蓬,夏巨谌,胡侨丹,王新云.基于等径角挤压(ECAP)的超细晶铸造镁合金制备研究.稀有金属材料与工程, 2005,34(9): 1493-1496
[42]郝南海,王全聪.等截面侧向挤压的力学分析.塑性工程学报,第8卷第3期14-16
[43]魏伟,陈光.ECAP 等径角挤压变形参数的研究.兵器材料科学与工程, 2002,25(6):61-63
[44]崔忠圻,刘北兴.金属学与热处理原理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.6
[45]S.S.葛列里克.金属和金属的再结晶.北京:机械工业出版社,1985.12
[46]姜巨福.新 SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 半固态坯及其触变模锻研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2005
[47]宫莹.电脉冲-低温浇注制备半固态坯料研究.辽宁工学院硕士学位论文,2006
[48]李海宏,陈体军,郝远.镁合金半固态压铸触变成形技术的研究与进展.热加工工艺,2005,10:59-61
[49]彭立志,周向阳,伍上元,刘宏专,徐日瑶.镁合金熔炼阻燃技术的现状与展望.材料导报,2003, 17(9):25-27
[50]王经涛,陈光.真实切应变及其在等径弯曲通道变形中的应用.南京理工大学学报, 2003,27(5):642-646
[51]田文彤.LC4 合金半固态坯 SIMA 生成触变成形研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文, 2002
[52]V.M.Segal, V.I.Reznikov, A.E.Drobyshevskii, etal.Plastic Metal Working by Simple Shear.Metallurgy, 1981 (1):115-123
[53]陈体军,郝远,陆松.ZA27 合金在 SIMA 处理过程中形变量和等温温度对组织的影响.金属热处理学报,2000,21(1):26-31.
[54]李元东,郝远,阎峰云.SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 镁合金非枝晶组织锭料.甘肃工业大学学报, 28(4):34-38.
[55]Young KP,Kyonka CP, Courtois JA.Fine grained metal composition.US Patent, 4415374,1983
[56]Liu C, Pan Y and Aoyama S.Microstructure Evolution of Semi-solid Al-7Si-0.4 Mg alloy By short time supersonic vibrations.In: Bhasin AK, Moore JJ, young KP and Midson S.Proc.Of the 5th Int.Conf.on Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and composites.Golden, Colorado, USA,1998.23-25.USA: Colorado School of Mine, 1998.439-447
[57]PAN Y, Aoyama S, Liu Ch.Spherical structure and formation conditions of Semi-solid Al-Si-Mg alloy.In:Sun GX, Yuan HY, Yao RB, Yan XY.Proc.Of the 5th Asian Foundry congress, 1997.23th -25th.Nanjing:Soultheast UniversityPress.443-451
[58]Shibata R.SSM Activities in Japan.In: AK Bhasin, JJ Moore, KP Young and S Midson.Proc.Of the 5th Int.Conf.on semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and composites, Golden.Colorado.1998.23-25.Colorado School of Mines.Li-lvi
[59]毛卫民,杨继莲,赵爱民等.浇注温度对 AlSi7Mg 合金半固态组织的影响。北京科技大学学报 2001,23(1):38-41
[60]Mao Weimin, Cui Chenglin, Zhao Aimin, etal.Effect of Pouring process on the microstructures of Semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy.J Mater Sci & tech, 2001.17(6):615-619
[61]肖纪美.合金相与相变.冶金工业出版社,2003:300-309
[62]陈强.MB15-RE 镁合金半固态等温组织演变及流变性实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[2] 毛卫民.半固态金属成形技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.6
[3] 唐靖林,曾大本.非枝晶半固态金属成形技术的发展概况.金属成形工艺,1997,15(5):43-48
[4] Hammond D E.Modern Casting,1989(8):29
[5] Fan Z,Ji S,Bevis M J.Twin-screw rheomoulding-A new semi-solid processing technology.Proc.of 6th Int.Conference,Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Editors:G.L.Chiametta-M,Rosso,Turin,Italy,Sept.27-29,2000.61-66
[6] 朱鸣芳,苏华钦.半固态等温处理制备粒状组织 ZA12 合金的研究.铸造,1996,(4):1-5
[7] Zhang Kui, Xu Jun, Shi Likai et al.Research and applications of SSP in China . Proc . of 6th Int Conference,Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Editors:G.L .Chiarmetta- M, Rosso, Turin,Italy,Sept.27~29, 2000,115-120
[8] 宋仁伯,康永林,杨雄飞,毛卫民等.电磁搅拌的半固态 60Si2Mn 变形特性.材料研究学报,2000,14(6):591-594
[9] Kang Yonglin, Yang Xiongfei, Song Renbo etal.Study on the deformation characteristics and laws of microstructure development of semi-solid 60Si2Mn during Compression, THERMEC2000, December . 2000, Lasvegas, NV, U.S.A(2000-12).26
[10]Pan Xianfeng, Zhang Haifeng, Wang Aimin etal.Trend and development of semi-solid metal processing.J.Mater.Sci.Technol.2000,16:453-460
[11]Kang Y L, An L, Wang K K etal.Experimental study on rheoforming of semi-solid magnesium alloys.Proceedings of the 7th S2P 2002.Tsukuba,Japan.2002, 287-292
[12]Lu G M, Cui J Z, Dong J et al.Continuous casting of Al alloy 7075 for semi-solid forming[A].Proc.of 6th Int.Conference, Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and Composites.Turin,Italy,102, 2000,373-377
[13]路贵民,董杰,崔建忠等.液相线半连续铸造 7075Al 合金二次加热与触变成形.金属学报,2001,37(11):1184-1188
[14]罗守靖.半固态成形技术讲座.机械工人(热加工),2003(3):70-71
[15]陈振华等.镁合金.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.5
[16]吉泽新,吕新宇,王国军,郑小平,路维.镁合金半固态成形技术的研究进展.金属热处理,2003,28(5):8-11
[17]吉蕾蕾,耿浩然,王瑞.新型镁合金覆盖剂熔体物性的研究.中国基础科学,2004.(5):14-17
[18]李海宏,陈体军,郝远.镁合金半固态压铸触变成形技术的研究与进展.热加工工艺,2005(10):59-61
[19]Matuch K H.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys.Materials Science and Technology(8),Weinheim:VCH,1996
[20]王立世,段汉桥.混合稀土对 AZ91D 镁合金组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金,2002(3):12-15
[21]余琨,黎文献,李松瑞等.含稀土镁合金的研究与开发.特种铸造及有色合金,2001(1):41-44
[22]中国机械工程学会铸造分会.铸造手册.第 3 册.铸造非铁合金.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.10
[23]洪慎章.冷挤压实用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.9
[24]翟德梅.挤压工艺及模具.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.7
[25]吴诗惇．挤压理论．北京:国防工业出版社,1994
[26]马怀宪.金属塑性加工学.冶金工业出版社,1994
[27]汪大年.金属塑性成形原理.机械工业出版社,1986
[28]罗吉荣,吴树森,夏巨湛.对当前镁合金研究与应用的几点认识.特种铸造及有色合金(2001 中国压铸,挤压铸造,半固态加工学术年会论文集):76-78
[29]王怀国,张景新,张奎,徐骏,石力开.AZ91D 镁合金的半固态加工研究. 特种铸造及有色合金,2003(4):10-13
[30]Matucha K H.Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys.Materials Science and Technology(8),Weinheim:VCH ,1996
[31]Pan Xianfeng,Zhang Haifeng,Wang Aimin.Trend and development of semi-solid metal processing.Mater,2000(16) :453-460
[32]西北工业大学有色金属锻造编写组.有色金属锻造.国防工业出版社,1979
[33]洪深泽.挤压工艺及模具设计.机械工业出版社,1996.199-200
[34]李海江.镁合金挤压成形工艺数值模拟的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2003
[35]程俊伟,夏巨谌,王新云,胡国安,闫洪.AZ31 变形镁合金挤压成形工艺研究.金属成形工艺,2004, 22(3): 4-10
[36]郝 南 海 , 刘 祖 岩 . 平 面 纯 剪 切 大 变 形 等 效 应 变 分 析 . 塑 性 工 程 学报,2000,7(1):4-5
[37]宁志良,Wang H ,Davidson C J,刘殿奎.SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 半固态坯料枝晶衍变规律的研究.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2006,11(2):39-42
[38]袁森,夏明许,王武孝,蒋百灵,姚亮宇.形变镁合金半固态加热过程中的再结晶及晶粒球状化.材料热处理学报, 25(3): 62-65
[39]姚亮宇,袁森,王武孝,蒋百灵,唐文亭.SIMA 法处理 AZ91D 镁合金压缩形变及半固态等温组织的特征.中国有色金属学报, 2004,14(4):660-664
[40]申泽骥,李宝东.铸造镁合金熔炼技术进展.特种铸造及有色合金(2001 中国铸造、挤压铸造、半固态加工学术年会论文集)90-93
[41]罗蓬,夏巨谌,胡侨丹,王新云.基于等径角挤压(ECAP)的超细晶铸造镁合金制备研究.稀有金属材料与工程, 2005,34(9): 1493-1496
[42]郝南海,王全聪.等截面侧向挤压的力学分析.塑性工程学报,第8卷第3期14-16
[43]魏伟,陈光.ECAP 等径角挤压变形参数的研究.兵器材料科学与工程, 2002,25(6):61-63
[44]崔忠圻,刘北兴.金属学与热处理原理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.6
[45]S.S.葛列里克.金属和金属的再结晶.北京:机械工业出版社,1985.12
[46]姜巨福.新 SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 半固态坯及其触变模锻研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2005
[47]宫莹.电脉冲-低温浇注制备半固态坯料研究.辽宁工学院硕士学位论文,2006
[48]李海宏,陈体军,郝远.镁合金半固态压铸触变成形技术的研究与进展.热加工工艺,2005,10:59-61
[49]彭立志,周向阳,伍上元,刘宏专,徐日瑶.镁合金熔炼阻燃技术的现状与展望.材料导报,2003, 17(9):25-27
[50]王经涛,陈光.真实切应变及其在等径弯曲通道变形中的应用.南京理工大学学报, 2003,27(5):642-646
[51]田文彤.LC4 合金半固态坯 SIMA 生成触变成形研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文, 2002
[52]V.M.Segal, V.I.Reznikov, A.E.Drobyshevskii, etal.Plastic Metal Working by Simple Shear.Metallurgy, 1981 (1):115-123
[53]陈体军,郝远,陆松.ZA27 合金在 SIMA 处理过程中形变量和等温温度对组织的影响.金属热处理学报,2000,21(1):26-31.
[54]李元东,郝远,阎峰云.SIMA 法制备 AZ91D 镁合金非枝晶组织锭料.甘肃工业大学学报, 28(4):34-38.
[55]Young KP,Kyonka CP, Courtois JA.Fine grained metal composition.US Patent, 4415374,1983
[56]Liu C, Pan Y and Aoyama S.Microstructure Evolution of Semi-solid Al-7Si-0.4 Mg alloy By short time supersonic vibrations.In: Bhasin AK, Moore JJ, young KP and Midson S.Proc.Of the 5th Int.Conf.on Semi-solid Processing of Alloys and composites.Golden, Colorado, USA,1998.23-25.USA: Colorado School of Mine, 1998.439-447
[57]PAN Y, Aoyama S, Liu Ch.Spherical structure and formation conditions of Semi-solid Al-Si-Mg alloy.In:Sun GX, Yuan HY, Yao RB, Yan XY.Proc.Of the 5th Asian Foundry congress, 1997.23th -25th.Nanjing:Soultheast UniversityPress.443-451
[58]Shibata R.SSM Activities in Japan.In: AK Bhasin, JJ Moore, KP Young and S Midson.Proc.Of the 5th Int.Conf.on semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and composites, Golden.Colorado.1998.23-25.Colorado School of Mines.Li-lvi
[59]毛卫民,杨继莲,赵爱民等.浇注温度对 AlSi7Mg 合金半固态组织的影响。北京科技大学学报 2001,23(1):38-41
[60]Mao Weimin, Cui Chenglin, Zhao Aimin, etal.Effect of Pouring process on the microstructures of Semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy.J Mater Sci & tech, 2001.17(6):615-619
[61]肖纪美.合金相与相变.冶金工业出版社,2003:300-309
[62]陈强.MB15-RE 镁合金半固态等温组织演变及流变性实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006