基于ARM的嵌入式数据采集与处理系统
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摘要
随着计算机技术、网络技术和微电子技术的深入发展,特别是各种高性能片上系统(SoC)的设计和嵌入式操作系统的开发,嵌入式系统日益广泛地应用于工业控制、移动通讯、家用电器以及消费电子等设备中。
本文研究嵌入式系统在数据采集与处理中的具体应用,采用结构化、模块化的方案进行系统的软硬件设计、调试和实现,开发了一个集嵌入式控制、高速数据采集与处理、友好人机交互界面于一体的通用测试平台。
课题以ARM9嵌入式微处理器S3C2410X为核心,基于QT2410开发板设计了数据采集硬件电路,包括8路模拟输入通道和16位数字I/O通道。在ADS集成开发环境下设计了AD7892的定时采集、连续采集,数字I/O,LCD显示及触摸屏控制等程序模块,并实现了一些简单的数据处理和FFT谱分析功能。实验表明,AD7892采样速率可达100 kSPS以上,具有一定的实时性。
借助于移植的嵌入式Linux操作系统,开发了GPIO、按键、LCD模块以及数据采集电路的设备驱动程序和应用程序。论文的最后介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面MiniGUI的移植与开发,并设计图形程序实现了数据的采集、处理和波形的实时显示功能。实践表明,嵌入式Linux下的MiniGUI高效、稳定,占用资源少,人机界面友好,可靠性高。
基于ARM的嵌入式数据采集与处理系统结构清晰、通用性好、可扩展性强,可为各种嵌入式应用提供一套完整的硬、软件解决方案,在工业测量与控制领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。
With deep-going development of computer, network and micro-electronics technologies, as well as design of SoC and development of embedded OS, embedded system is increasingly widely used in industrial control equipment, mobile communication device, household appliance and consuming electronics, etc.
As an application of data acquisition and processing, embedded system is researched in this thesis, hardware and software is designed, debugged and implemented with structured and modularized scheme. A universal testing platform is developed, integrating embedded control, fast data acquisition and processing and friendly human machine interactive interface.
Hardware circuit for data acquisition is designed based on QT2410 develop board with ARM9 microprocessor S3C2410X at the core, including 8-channel analog input and 16-bit digital I/O channel. Programme modules including timing and continuous acquisition of AD7892, digital I/O, LCD display and touch screen control are designed with ADS, as well as simple processing and FFT. Experimental result shows that the sampling rate of AD7892 can reach upwards of 100 kSPS, being real time to some extent.
By virtue of embedded Linux transplanted to ARM, device drivers and applications for GPIO, key, LCD module and data acquisition circuits are developed. The last part of this thesis introduces the transplant and development of MiniGUI, and graphics programme is designed for data acquisition and processing, real-time display of waveform. Practice has proved that MiniGUI is extremely efficient, stable, lightweight and friendly with high reliability.
Embedded data acquisition and processing system based on ARM has well-defined architecture, good universality and extensibility. It could provide an integrated hardware and software solution for various embedded applications. Also, it has a wide application prospect in the field of industrial measurement and control.
本文研究嵌入式系统在数据采集与处理中的具体应用,采用结构化、模块化的方案进行系统的软硬件设计、调试和实现,开发了一个集嵌入式控制、高速数据采集与处理、友好人机交互界面于一体的通用测试平台。
课题以ARM9嵌入式微处理器S3C2410X为核心,基于QT2410开发板设计了数据采集硬件电路,包括8路模拟输入通道和16位数字I/O通道。在ADS集成开发环境下设计了AD7892的定时采集、连续采集,数字I/O,LCD显示及触摸屏控制等程序模块,并实现了一些简单的数据处理和FFT谱分析功能。实验表明,AD7892采样速率可达100 kSPS以上,具有一定的实时性。
借助于移植的嵌入式Linux操作系统,开发了GPIO、按键、LCD模块以及数据采集电路的设备驱动程序和应用程序。论文的最后介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面MiniGUI的移植与开发,并设计图形程序实现了数据的采集、处理和波形的实时显示功能。实践表明,嵌入式Linux下的MiniGUI高效、稳定,占用资源少,人机界面友好,可靠性高。
基于ARM的嵌入式数据采集与处理系统结构清晰、通用性好、可扩展性强,可为各种嵌入式应用提供一套完整的硬、软件解决方案,在工业测量与控制领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。
With deep-going development of computer, network and micro-electronics technologies, as well as design of SoC and development of embedded OS, embedded system is increasingly widely used in industrial control equipment, mobile communication device, household appliance and consuming electronics, etc.
As an application of data acquisition and processing, embedded system is researched in this thesis, hardware and software is designed, debugged and implemented with structured and modularized scheme. A universal testing platform is developed, integrating embedded control, fast data acquisition and processing and friendly human machine interactive interface.
Hardware circuit for data acquisition is designed based on QT2410 develop board with ARM9 microprocessor S3C2410X at the core, including 8-channel analog input and 16-bit digital I/O channel. Programme modules including timing and continuous acquisition of AD7892, digital I/O, LCD display and touch screen control are designed with ADS, as well as simple processing and FFT. Experimental result shows that the sampling rate of AD7892 can reach upwards of 100 kSPS, being real time to some extent.
By virtue of embedded Linux transplanted to ARM, device drivers and applications for GPIO, key, LCD module and data acquisition circuits are developed. The last part of this thesis introduces the transplant and development of MiniGUI, and graphics programme is designed for data acquisition and processing, real-time display of waveform. Practice has proved that MiniGUI is extremely efficient, stable, lightweight and friendly with high reliability.
Embedded data acquisition and processing system based on ARM has well-defined architecture, good universality and extensibility. It could provide an integrated hardware and software solution for various embedded applications. Also, it has a wide application prospect in the field of industrial measurement and control.
引文
[1] 周立功,ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[2] 马明建,数据采集与处理技术(第二版),西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005
[3] Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User’s Manual (Revision 1.2), 2003
[4] Advanced Monolithic Systems, 800mA Low Dropout Voltage Regulator AMS1117, 2000
[5] Maxim Integrated, 4-Pin uP Voltage Monitors with Manual Reset Input MAX811, 1999
[6] Hynix Semiconductor Inc, 4 Banks 4M 16Bit CMOS SDRAM HY57V561620, 2003
[7] Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 64M 8Bit NAND Flash Memory K9F1208U0M-YCB0, 2001
[8] Silicon Storage Technology Inc, Multi-Purpose Flash SST39VF200A Data Sheet, 2005
[9] Test Technology Standards Committee of IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture, 2001
[10] Cirrus Logic Inc, Crystal LAN ISA Ethernet Controller CS8900A, 2001
[11] Toppoly Optoelectronics Corporation, TFT LCD Specification TD035STEB1, 1992
[12] 张侖，32 位嵌入式系统硬件设计与调试,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[13] Texas Instruments Incorporated, LVC Designer’s Guide, 1996
[14] Texas Instruments Incorporated, 3.3-V ABT16-Bit Transceivers with 3-State Outputs SN74LVTH16245A, 2005
[15] National Semiconductor Corporation, Analog Multiplexer / Demultiplexer CD4051, 1995
[16] Analog Devices Inc, LC2MOS Single Supply 12-Bit 600 kSPS ADC AD7892, 2000
[17] 程耀瑜,胡鶠,高速 12 位模数转换器 AD7892 及其在图像采集中的应用,国外电子元器件,2000,9:22~24
[18] 王传旭,刘云,阎春娟,具有过压保护功能 DMA 方式下的高速数据采集系统设计与实现,现代电子技术,2003,4:56~58
[19] 江俊辉,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计,微计算机信息(嵌入式与 SoC),2005,21(7-2):120~122
[20] Hsin-Ti Chueh, John V.Hatfield, A real-time data acquisition system for a hand-held electronic nose (H2EN), Sensors and Actuators 2002, B(83):262~269
[21] F.Thomas, M.M.Nayak, S.Udupa, J.K.Kishore, V.K.Agrawal, A hardware/software codesignfor improved data acquisition in a processor based embedded system, Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2000, 24:129~134
[22] 清源计算机工作室,Protel 99 原理图与 PCB 设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[23] 李驹光, 聂雪媛, 江泽明等,ARM 应用系统开发详解—基于 S3C4510B 的系统设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2003:295~327
[24] ARM Limited, ARM920T(Rev 1) Technical Reference Manual, 2000
[25] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构与编程,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[26] 吴明晖,徐睿,黄健等,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统开发与应用,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[27] 胡广书,数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997:133~142
[28] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2004:215~233
[29] Sorensen H V, et al. On computing the split-radix FFT, IEEE Trans on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1986, 1:1603~1624
[30] 陆涛,何佩琨,陈禾等,一种快速 FFT 处理器的地址生成方法,北京理工大学学报,2006,26(1):68~71
[31] Silicon Laboratories Inc, FFT routines for the C8051F12x family Application Note 142, 2003:1~62
[32] 肖宛昂,嵌入式系统中 FFT 算法研究,单片机与嵌入式系统应用:2003,1:68~69
[33] 唐泽圣,周嘉玉,李新友,计算机图形学基础,北京:清华大学出版社,1995:54~131
[34] 宋成,孙广富,触摸屏在 S3C2410 上的应用实例,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,1:35~37
[35] 刘锬,触摸屏校准程序设计,计算机世界报,2006,13:25~27
[36] 陈莉君,深入理解 Linux 内核,北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[37] 毛德操,胡希明,Linux 内核源代码情景分析,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001
[38] 潘巨龙,黄宁,姚伏天等,ARM9 嵌入式 Linux 系统构建与应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[39] [美]Mark G. Sobell,Red Hat Linux 实用指南,北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[40] Karim, Yaghmour, Buliding Embedded Linux Systems, 2003
[41] Wookey, Tak-Shing, Aleph One, Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform, Guide to ARMLinux for Developers, 2002:52~59
[42] 王学龙,嵌入式 Linux 系统设计与应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[43] 孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南—基于 ARM9 处理器,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[44] Alessandr, Rubini, et al.著,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译,Linux 设备驱动程序(第二版),北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[45] 许庆丰,嵌入式 Linux 下彩色 LCD 驱动的设计与实现,电子产品世界,2003,2:48~51
[46] 李勇,张建正,嵌入式系统 Linux 下 LCD 显示驱动的开发,计算机技术与发展,2006,16(2):93~95
[47] 马忠梅,李善平,康慨等,ARM & Linux 嵌入式系统教程,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:292~301
[48] 刘淼,嵌入式系统接口设计与 Linux 驱动程序开发,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:30~75
[49] 北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,MiniGUI 技术白皮书,2005:1~21
[50] 北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,MiniGUI 用户手册 (MiniGUI Ver 1.6.8),2005:1~108
[51] 周立功,ARM 嵌入式 MiniGUI 初步与应用开发范例,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[52] 于孝辉,陈秋艳,李国义,嵌入式 Linux 下 MiniGUI 的移植及软件开发,辽宁工学院 学报,2006,26(2):90~92
[53] 耿彦莉,王平,基于 StrongARM 的嵌入式 Linux 的 GUI 实现,计算机工程,2006,32(9):214~215
[54] 魏永明,钟书毅,潘为国,Linux/uClinux + MiniGUI: 嵌入式系统开发原理、工具及过程,北京:北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005:1~218
[55] Beijing Feynman Software Technology Co., Ltd.,MiniGUI API Reference Manual (For MiniGUI Version 1.3.x),2003:1~732
[56] Qingguo Zhou, Li Wang, Yanlong Wang, Hong Zhao, Rongjie Zhou, A remote data acquisition and control system for Mossbauer spectroscopy, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2004, 215(B):577~580
[57] 杨健,张慧慧,基于嵌入式系统的数据采集系统网络接入的设计与实现,仪器仪表学报(增刊),2005,26(8):290~292
[58] Gregory T. Uehara, Paul R. Gray, A 100 MHz A/D Interface for PRML Magnetic Disk Read Channels, IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuits, 1994, 29(12):1606~1612
[2] 马明建,数据采集与处理技术(第二版),西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005
[3] Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User’s Manual (Revision 1.2), 2003
[4] Advanced Monolithic Systems, 800mA Low Dropout Voltage Regulator AMS1117, 2000
[5] Maxim Integrated, 4-Pin uP Voltage Monitors with Manual Reset Input MAX811, 1999
[6] Hynix Semiconductor Inc, 4 Banks 4M 16Bit CMOS SDRAM HY57V561620, 2003
[7] Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 64M 8Bit NAND Flash Memory K9F1208U0M-YCB0, 2001
[8] Silicon Storage Technology Inc, Multi-Purpose Flash SST39VF200A Data Sheet, 2005
[9] Test Technology Standards Committee of IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture, 2001
[10] Cirrus Logic Inc, Crystal LAN ISA Ethernet Controller CS8900A, 2001
[11] Toppoly Optoelectronics Corporation, TFT LCD Specification TD035STEB1, 1992
[12] 张侖，32 位嵌入式系统硬件设计与调试,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[13] Texas Instruments Incorporated, LVC Designer’s Guide, 1996
[14] Texas Instruments Incorporated, 3.3-V ABT16-Bit Transceivers with 3-State Outputs SN74LVTH16245A, 2005
[15] National Semiconductor Corporation, Analog Multiplexer / Demultiplexer CD4051, 1995
[16] Analog Devices Inc, LC2MOS Single Supply 12-Bit 600 kSPS ADC AD7892, 2000
[17] 程耀瑜,胡鶠,高速 12 位模数转换器 AD7892 及其在图像采集中的应用,国外电子元器件,2000,9:22~24
[18] 王传旭,刘云,阎春娟,具有过压保护功能 DMA 方式下的高速数据采集系统设计与实现,现代电子技术,2003,4:56~58
[19] 江俊辉,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计,微计算机信息(嵌入式与 SoC),2005,21(7-2):120~122
[20] Hsin-Ti Chueh, John V.Hatfield, A real-time data acquisition system for a hand-held electronic nose (H2EN), Sensors and Actuators 2002, B(83):262~269
[21] F.Thomas, M.M.Nayak, S.Udupa, J.K.Kishore, V.K.Agrawal, A hardware/software codesignfor improved data acquisition in a processor based embedded system, Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2000, 24:129~134
[22] 清源计算机工作室,Protel 99 原理图与 PCB 设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[23] 李驹光, 聂雪媛, 江泽明等,ARM 应用系统开发详解—基于 S3C4510B 的系统设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2003:295~327
[24] ARM Limited, ARM920T(Rev 1) Technical Reference Manual, 2000
[25] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构与编程,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[26] 吴明晖,徐睿,黄健等,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统开发与应用,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[27] 胡广书,数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997:133~142
[28] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2004:215~233
[29] Sorensen H V, et al. On computing the split-radix FFT, IEEE Trans on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1986, 1:1603~1624
[30] 陆涛,何佩琨,陈禾等,一种快速 FFT 处理器的地址生成方法,北京理工大学学报,2006,26(1):68~71
[31] Silicon Laboratories Inc, FFT routines for the C8051F12x family Application Note 142, 2003:1~62
[32] 肖宛昂,嵌入式系统中 FFT 算法研究,单片机与嵌入式系统应用:2003,1:68~69
[33] 唐泽圣,周嘉玉,李新友,计算机图形学基础,北京:清华大学出版社,1995:54~131
[34] 宋成,孙广富,触摸屏在 S3C2410 上的应用实例,单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,1:35~37
[35] 刘锬,触摸屏校准程序设计,计算机世界报,2006,13:25~27
[36] 陈莉君,深入理解 Linux 内核,北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[37] 毛德操,胡希明,Linux 内核源代码情景分析,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001
[38] 潘巨龙,黄宁,姚伏天等,ARM9 嵌入式 Linux 系统构建与应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[39] [美]Mark G. Sobell,Red Hat Linux 实用指南,北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[40] Karim, Yaghmour, Buliding Embedded Linux Systems, 2003
[41] Wookey, Tak-Shing, Aleph One, Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform, Guide to ARMLinux for Developers, 2002:52~59
[42] 王学龙,嵌入式 Linux 系统设计与应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[43] 孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南—基于 ARM9 处理器,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[44] Alessandr, Rubini, et al.著,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译,Linux 设备驱动程序(第二版),北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[45] 许庆丰,嵌入式 Linux 下彩色 LCD 驱动的设计与实现,电子产品世界,2003,2:48~51
[46] 李勇,张建正,嵌入式系统 Linux 下 LCD 显示驱动的开发,计算机技术与发展,2006,16(2):93~95
[47] 马忠梅,李善平,康慨等,ARM & Linux 嵌入式系统教程,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:292~301
[48] 刘淼,嵌入式系统接口设计与 Linux 驱动程序开发,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:30~75
[49] 北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,MiniGUI 技术白皮书,2005:1~21
[50] 北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,MiniGUI 用户手册 (MiniGUI Ver 1.6.8),2005:1~108
[51] 周立功,ARM 嵌入式 MiniGUI 初步与应用开发范例,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[52] 于孝辉,陈秋艳,李国义,嵌入式 Linux 下 MiniGUI 的移植及软件开发,辽宁工学院 学报,2006,26(2):90~92
[53] 耿彦莉,王平,基于 StrongARM 的嵌入式 Linux 的 GUI 实现,计算机工程,2006,32(9):214~215
[54] 魏永明,钟书毅,潘为国,Linux/uClinux + MiniGUI: 嵌入式系统开发原理、工具及过程,北京:北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005:1~218
[55] Beijing Feynman Software Technology Co., Ltd.,MiniGUI API Reference Manual (For MiniGUI Version 1.3.x),2003:1~732
[56] Qingguo Zhou, Li Wang, Yanlong Wang, Hong Zhao, Rongjie Zhou, A remote data acquisition and control system for Mossbauer spectroscopy, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2004, 215(B):577~580
[57] 杨健,张慧慧,基于嵌入式系统的数据采集系统网络接入的设计与实现,仪器仪表学报(增刊),2005,26(8):290~292
[58] Gregory T. Uehara, Paul R. Gray, A 100 MHz A/D Interface for PRML Magnetic Disk Read Channels, IEEE Journal of Solid-Stage Circuits, 1994, 29(12):1606~1612