分布式R&D网络研究
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摘要
经济全球化的一个重要表现是跨国公司建立了庞大的全球生产体系和销售体系,与此相对应的是越来越多的跨国企业不再将R&D机构仅仅集中在母国和少数专业市场,而是将R&D机构分布于不同的地域,构建分布式R&D网络,以满足当地市场需求。面对激烈的市场竞争,企业为保持及提高其竞争力,特别是提高R&D能力,缩短产品研发周期,将新产品快速推向市场,很多企业谋求进行R&D合作,以降低R&D成本和R&D风险。同时,高技术产业已经成为经济发展的一支生力军,政府为促进其快速发展,提高区域R&D能力,积极主导企业和大专院校、科研院所建立R&D合作网络,为当地经济发展提供强有力的科技支撑。所以,现在企业面临着一个亟待解决的问题,就是如何将R&D资源如R&D人员、R&D资金、R&D项目以及R&D机构等进行有效地分布。同时复杂网络研究如小世界网络、无标度网络方面的研究,是包括物理学家、数学家在内的众多学者正在探究的领域,而R&D网络具备什么特征能更有效促进R&D能力的提高,这正是本文研究的方向。
分布式R&D网络是由企业等组织或组织之间以研发机构、R&D人员等作为网络节点通过R&D合作、信息流动等形式联结而成的有机的组织系统。也就是以某种R&D资源或资源集合体为节点,分布于不同的时间、地域以及项目等位置,通过信息流动等形式作用而形成的网络。推而广之,R&D资源在地域、人员、项目以及组织等方面的分散并相互联系作用,由此形成的网络可称为分布式R&D网络,具体表现为R&D机构网络、R&D人员网络、R&D项目网络、R&D成果网络等。
本文按照研究小组R&D网络、企业R&D网络和科研机构R&D网络、区域R&D网络的思路依次展开研究。论文在界定分布式R&D网络的基础上,分析了分布式R&D网络构建的动机和影响因素,构建了分布式R&D网络节点选择模型；运用2-模网络分析方法对研究小组R&D网络、企业R&D网络和科研机构R&D网络进行分析,确定重要的网络节点如重要的R&D人员、R&D项目和R&D团队或小组；以特征路径长度、集聚系数指标进行分析,结果表明研究小组等R&D网络具有小世界网络特性,还对R&D网络是否具有无标度网络特性进行了分析,对具有无标度网络特性的网络给出了幂律分布的幂律指数估计方法和结果；建立了高新区R&D网络技术经济系统动力学模型,并进行了仿真分析,确定了R&D网络要素对高新区产品销售收入的影响程度,提出了促进高新区发展的对策建议。
An important form of economic globalization is global production system and sales system established by multinational corporations (MNCs), and this corresponds to a growing number of R&D institutions of MNCs will no longer be concentrated in just a few home and professional markets, but R&D institutions will be distributed in different regions, building distributed R&D network to meet local market needs. Facing the fierce market competition, to maintain and enhance their competitiveness, especially to raise R&D capabilities, shorten product research and development cycles, bring new products to market quickly, many companies try to conduct R&D cooperation, in order to reduce R & D costs and R&D risk. Meanwhile, the high-tech industry has become a vital force in economic development, to promote its rapid development and enhance regional R&D capability, government is actively leading companies and universities, research institutes to establish cooperative R&D network, to support local economic development. So companies are facing a serious problem how to effectively distribute R&D resources, such as R&D personnel, R&D funding, R&D projects and R&D institutions. At the same time complex networks such as small-world network, scale-free networks, are the study fields many scholars are exploring in including physicists and mathematician. What features of R&D network can be more effective in promoting R&D capability; this is the study direction of this dissertation.
Distributed R&D network is organizational system linking among organizations with R&D institutions, R&D personnel as network node through such forms as R&D cooperation, information flow, etc. It is network formed R&D resources as the node, dispersing in a different time, place and project through communication as information flow. Distributed R&D network can be described as distributed R&D network of institutions, distributed R&D projects network, R&D achievements networks.
This study is done according to sequence of group R & D networks, enterpriser R&D networks and institution R & D networks. Based on the definition of distributed R&D network, the motivation and factors of distributed R&D network constructing were analyzed and a model was built on selecting distributed R & D network nodes. The enterprise R&D networks and research institutions R&D networks were analyzed to determine the critical network nodes such as important R&D personnel, R & D projects and R&D team or group with 2-mode network analysis. The characteristic path length and clustering coefficient indicators were calculated, the results show that the team R&D network has the small-world network characteristics, also the R&D network is analyzed to judge if it has scale-free network characteristics. The estimation methods and results of the power-law index are described to the network meeting the power-law distribution. The system dynamics model on R&D network technological economics system of high-tech Zone was established to determine the elements of R&D network influencing the product sales revenue of high-tech zone, and suggestions to promote the development of high-tech zones are put forward to.
分布式R&D网络是由企业等组织或组织之间以研发机构、R&D人员等作为网络节点通过R&D合作、信息流动等形式联结而成的有机的组织系统。也就是以某种R&D资源或资源集合体为节点,分布于不同的时间、地域以及项目等位置,通过信息流动等形式作用而形成的网络。推而广之,R&D资源在地域、人员、项目以及组织等方面的分散并相互联系作用,由此形成的网络可称为分布式R&D网络,具体表现为R&D机构网络、R&D人员网络、R&D项目网络、R&D成果网络等。
本文按照研究小组R&D网络、企业R&D网络和科研机构R&D网络、区域R&D网络的思路依次展开研究。论文在界定分布式R&D网络的基础上,分析了分布式R&D网络构建的动机和影响因素,构建了分布式R&D网络节点选择模型；运用2-模网络分析方法对研究小组R&D网络、企业R&D网络和科研机构R&D网络进行分析,确定重要的网络节点如重要的R&D人员、R&D项目和R&D团队或小组；以特征路径长度、集聚系数指标进行分析,结果表明研究小组等R&D网络具有小世界网络特性,还对R&D网络是否具有无标度网络特性进行了分析,对具有无标度网络特性的网络给出了幂律分布的幂律指数估计方法和结果；建立了高新区R&D网络技术经济系统动力学模型,并进行了仿真分析,确定了R&D网络要素对高新区产品销售收入的影响程度,提出了促进高新区发展的对策建议。
An important form of economic globalization is global production system and sales system established by multinational corporations (MNCs), and this corresponds to a growing number of R&D institutions of MNCs will no longer be concentrated in just a few home and professional markets, but R&D institutions will be distributed in different regions, building distributed R&D network to meet local market needs. Facing the fierce market competition, to maintain and enhance their competitiveness, especially to raise R&D capabilities, shorten product research and development cycles, bring new products to market quickly, many companies try to conduct R&D cooperation, in order to reduce R & D costs and R&D risk. Meanwhile, the high-tech industry has become a vital force in economic development, to promote its rapid development and enhance regional R&D capability, government is actively leading companies and universities, research institutes to establish cooperative R&D network, to support local economic development. So companies are facing a serious problem how to effectively distribute R&D resources, such as R&D personnel, R&D funding, R&D projects and R&D institutions. At the same time complex networks such as small-world network, scale-free networks, are the study fields many scholars are exploring in including physicists and mathematician. What features of R&D network can be more effective in promoting R&D capability; this is the study direction of this dissertation.
Distributed R&D network is organizational system linking among organizations with R&D institutions, R&D personnel as network node through such forms as R&D cooperation, information flow, etc. It is network formed R&D resources as the node, dispersing in a different time, place and project through communication as information flow. Distributed R&D network can be described as distributed R&D network of institutions, distributed R&D projects network, R&D achievements networks.
This study is done according to sequence of group R & D networks, enterpriser R&D networks and institution R & D networks. Based on the definition of distributed R&D network, the motivation and factors of distributed R&D network constructing were analyzed and a model was built on selecting distributed R & D network nodes. The enterprise R&D networks and research institutions R&D networks were analyzed to determine the critical network nodes such as important R&D personnel, R & D projects and R&D team or group with 2-mode network analysis. The characteristic path length and clustering coefficient indicators were calculated, the results show that the team R&D network has the small-world network characteristics, also the R&D network is analyzed to judge if it has scale-free network characteristics. The estimation methods and results of the power-law index are described to the network meeting the power-law distribution. The system dynamics model on R&D network technological economics system of high-tech Zone was established to determine the elements of R&D network influencing the product sales revenue of high-tech zone, and suggestions to promote the development of high-tech zones are put forward to.
引文
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