快速可重组机械工程测控实验平台的研制
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摘要
测试技术作为机械工业发展的一个重要基础技术,在产品质量和性能的评定中起着至关重要的作用。但随着科技的飞速发展,生产规模的迅速扩大,传统的机械工程测试手段的缺点越来越显露,已经无法满足大规模测试需求。
本文针对机械工程对象测试功能的需求,提出了一种可自主选择软硬件模块并快速重组进行测控实验的概念,在对测控实验平台需求分析的基础上,确定了平台的研制方案。从测控平台相关的硬件和软件方面论述了详细的设计过程。硬件方面,采用线性直流稳压电源方案以及先进的三端固定式集成稳压器,设计并制作了多路电源以满足测控平台用电需求;设计了测微计和光栅尺传感器专用夹具,便于将传感器安装在实验平台上进行实验。软件方面,综合利用模块化设计、可重组及面向对象的设计技术对可自主选择模块组合进行简易实验的测控系统进行了分析研究,同时还设计了本系统人机界面,最后利用设计的软硬件进行了平台运动直线度误差检测实验,通过对数据的分析来验证系统的可靠性及平台的性能指标。
As a basic technology in the development of mechanical industry, the technology of test is playing an important part in assessing the quality and performance of products. With the rapidly development of science and enlargement of production scale, the shortcomings of traditional ways of mechanical engineering test have been apparente and they couldn’t meet the need of large-scale test.
Aiming at the test need of mechanical engineering object, an idea that students can choose many software and hardware modules independently and carry out the measurement & control experiments by recombining those modules was brought forward. The research project of platform has been ascertained based on analyzing the requirement of some measurement & control experiments. It is mainly discussed the design process of the hardware and software of platform. As for the hardware design, a power supply which is used to afford the electrical need of the platform was developed successfully. It adopts the scheme of linear DC stabilized voltage power supply and advanced integrated manostat. And the appropriative clamps of micrometer and raster ruler have been also designed to make sure that those sensors can be installed on the platform very easily. In the respect of software, a measurement & control experimental system which can be used to carry out some simple experiments by choosing modules independently has been researched by utilizing those technologies such as modularization design, recombination and OOD. Meanwhile the human-computer interface of this system has been designed. In the end, an experiment of detecting the linearity and reiteration of the guide rail has been designed. After processing the datas, the reliability of this measurement & control system as well as the precision of the platform can be validated by analyzing the results.
本文针对机械工程对象测试功能的需求,提出了一种可自主选择软硬件模块并快速重组进行测控实验的概念,在对测控实验平台需求分析的基础上,确定了平台的研制方案。从测控平台相关的硬件和软件方面论述了详细的设计过程。硬件方面,采用线性直流稳压电源方案以及先进的三端固定式集成稳压器,设计并制作了多路电源以满足测控平台用电需求;设计了测微计和光栅尺传感器专用夹具,便于将传感器安装在实验平台上进行实验。软件方面,综合利用模块化设计、可重组及面向对象的设计技术对可自主选择模块组合进行简易实验的测控系统进行了分析研究,同时还设计了本系统人机界面,最后利用设计的软硬件进行了平台运动直线度误差检测实验,通过对数据的分析来验证系统的可靠性及平台的性能指标。
As a basic technology in the development of mechanical industry, the technology of test is playing an important part in assessing the quality and performance of products. With the rapidly development of science and enlargement of production scale, the shortcomings of traditional ways of mechanical engineering test have been apparente and they couldn’t meet the need of large-scale test.
Aiming at the test need of mechanical engineering object, an idea that students can choose many software and hardware modules independently and carry out the measurement & control experiments by recombining those modules was brought forward. The research project of platform has been ascertained based on analyzing the requirement of some measurement & control experiments. It is mainly discussed the design process of the hardware and software of platform. As for the hardware design, a power supply which is used to afford the electrical need of the platform was developed successfully. It adopts the scheme of linear DC stabilized voltage power supply and advanced integrated manostat. And the appropriative clamps of micrometer and raster ruler have been also designed to make sure that those sensors can be installed on the platform very easily. In the respect of software, a measurement & control experimental system which can be used to carry out some simple experiments by choosing modules independently has been researched by utilizing those technologies such as modularization design, recombination and OOD. Meanwhile the human-computer interface of this system has been designed. In the end, an experiment of detecting the linearity and reiteration of the guide rail has been designed. After processing the datas, the reliability of this measurement & control system as well as the precision of the platform can be validated by analyzing the results.
引文
[1] 刘培基,王安敏编著.机械工程测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003 年2 月:54~196.
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[6] 许健.基于虚拟仪器的快速可重组测控实验平台设计,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学.2006.2.
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[11] 孟祥印,肖世德.基于先进集成电路多输出线性直流稳压电源的设计[J].微计算机信息(测控自动化),2005 年第 21 卷第 1 期:154~155.
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[17] 张洪润,唐昌建编著.电子线路与电子技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003 年 1月:162~181.
[18] 何希才,姜余祥编著.新型稳压电源及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002年 1 月.
[19] 王水平,刘畅生,王亚民等编著.集成稳压器使用指南与应用电路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003 年 5 月.
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[21] 夏路易,石宗义编著.电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002 年 6 月.
[22] 谢淑如,郑光钦,杨渝生编蓍.Protel PCB 99SE 电路板设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001 年 7 月.
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[24] 王先逵著.机械制造工艺学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992 年
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[26] 李国纯著.机械量仪与光学量仪[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1983 年.
[27] 周家泽著.机械设计基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003 年.
[28] 许毓潮著.机械设计与制造工艺简明手册[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1985 年.
[29] 王志明.可重构数字式机电测控试验平台的研制,[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学.2004.4.27:1~24.
[30] R.B.Stone,K.L.Wood, R.H.Crawford.A Heuristic Method for Identifying Modules for Product Architectures.Journal of design Studies,2000,21(1):5～31.
[31] 杜陶钧,黄鸿.模块化设计中模块划分的分级、层次特性的探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2003,(2):50~53.
[32] 王卫军,姜虹,王小椿.可快速重组模块化 OPEN CNC 软件体系结构的研究[J].机床与液压,2005 年,No.9:37~29.
[33] A.Kusiak,C.C.Hung.Development of modular Products[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacturing Technology-Part A,1996,19(4):523~538.
[34] 谢楠,李爱平,徐立云.可重组制造系统及其关键技术[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 11 月,第 33 卷第 11 期:477~481.
[35] Wang Litao,Karnatey-Asibu Jr E,Mehrabi Mostafa G.A method for sensor selection in reconfigurable process monitoring [J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,Ttansactions of the ASME,20033,125(1):95~99.
[36] 张剑锋,宾鸿赞.可重构软件及其在测控仪中的应用[J].北京,现代制造工程,2003 年(10):68~70.
[37] 董嘉玥,高全辉.可重组综合测控站[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2001 年第 2 期:6~11.
[38] 王艺.基于 COM 的可重组流程的设计及其在水闸 CAD 系统中的应用,[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2001 年 3 月:23~29.
[39] Mehrabi M G,Ulsoy A G,Koren Y.Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Key to future manufacturing[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2000,(11):403~419.
[40] 方强,何岭松.软硬件可重构的远程测控系统研究[J].机床与液压,2005 年,No.1:92~93.
[41] 张兰芳.基于 Visual C++开发的并联六自由度平台测控系统,[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2002 年 2 月:22~39,61~63.
[42] (美)Deborah Kurata 著.Visual Basic6 面向对象程序设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1999.7.
[43] 马宏伟,姜俊英,魏巍.用 VC++组建基于 PC-DAQ 的虚拟仪器[J]. 西安科技学院学报,2001(6):148~151.
[44] National Instruments.The measurement and automation catalog[Z].2000:1~7.
[45] Mehrabi M G,Kannatey-Asibu Jr E.Mapping theory:A new approach to design of multi-sensor monitoring of Reconfigurable Machining Systems (RMS)[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2001,20(5):297~304.
[46] 范逸之,廖锦棋编著.Visual Basic 硬件设计与开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004 年 5 月.
[47] 候金奎.浅谈人机界面设计[J].潍坊学院学报,2002 年 4 月,第 2 卷第 2 期:69~71.
[48] 刘建东等编著.特效视窗[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000 年 11 月:333~355,497~501.
[49] 李玉忠,黄业清编著.Visual Basic 高级界面特效制作百例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000 年 10 月:253~270.
[50] 邓春芳.直线度、平行度、垂直度误差的数据处理方法[J].农业机械学报,2001年:125~127.
[2] DRLab 创新实验室[EB/OL].http://mse.hust.edu.cn/wellcourse/csjs/94_newlab.
[3] 许健,赵转萍,郑东.基于虚拟仪器的多功能快速重组测控实验平台[J].北京,仪器仪表与分析监测, 2006 年第 1 期:18~20.
[4] AH.Taner,NM.White.Virtual Instrumentation:A solution to the problem of design complexity in intelligent instruments[J].Measurement & Control,1996,29(4):165~171.
[5] 韩慧莲,徐晓东,张 伦.虚拟仪器软件平台设计[J].华北工学院测试技术学报,2002 年第 16 卷第 1 期(总第 39 期):1~3.
[6] 许健.基于虚拟仪器的快速可重组测控实验平台设计,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学.2006.2.
[7] NI Corporation.PCI E Series User Manual[Z],1999.3.
[8] NI Corporation.Traditional NI-DAQTM User Manual—Data Acquisition Software for the PC[Z],2001.1.
[9] X.R.Li,H.L.Xu,Q.L.Ding.Research on Framework of Rapidly Reconfigurable Information System[J] . Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,2002,19(1):103~107.
[10] 何希才编著.新型开关电源设计与维修[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001 年 1 月:1~5.
[11] 孟祥印,肖世德.基于先进集成电路多输出线性直流稳压电源的设计[J].微计算机信息(测控自动化),2005 年第 21 卷第 1 期:154~155.
[12] NI Corporation.Measurement Studio Reference[Z],2001.7.
[13] NI Corporation.Measurement Studio for LabWindows/CVI Help[Z],2001.7
[14] SMD-530F 五相步进电机驱动器说明书[Z].常州华音电子有限公司.
[15] (英)马丁,J.希思科特著.变压器实用技术大全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004年 4 月.
[16] 陆明达主编.新编电工电子技术(上册)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003 年9 月:550~579.
[17] 张洪润,唐昌建编著.电子线路与电子技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003 年 1月:162~181.
[18] 何希才,姜余祥编著.新型稳压电源及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002年 1 月.
[19] 王水平,刘畅生,王亚民等编著.集成稳压器使用指南与应用电路[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003 年 5 月.
[20] W78XX 规格说明书[Z].深圳市爱思科微电子有限公司.2001 年 12 月.
[21] 夏路易,石宗义编著.电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002 年 6 月.
[22] 谢淑如,郑光钦,杨渝生编蓍.Protel PCB 99SE 电路板设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001 年 7 月.
[23] Mahr Digital Indicator 1082 Millitast Operating Instructions[Z].德国马尔公司.
[24] 王先逵著.机械制造工艺学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992 年
[25] LMS 系列光栅线位移传感器使用说明书[Z].长春三峰传感技术有限公司.
[26] 李国纯著.机械量仪与光学量仪[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1983 年.
[27] 周家泽著.机械设计基础[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003 年.
[28] 许毓潮著.机械设计与制造工艺简明手册[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1985 年.
[29] 王志明.可重构数字式机电测控试验平台的研制,[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学.2004.4.27:1~24.
[30] R.B.Stone,K.L.Wood, R.H.Crawford.A Heuristic Method for Identifying Modules for Product Architectures.Journal of design Studies,2000,21(1):5～31.
[31] 杜陶钧,黄鸿.模块化设计中模块划分的分级、层次特性的探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2003,(2):50~53.
[32] 王卫军,姜虹,王小椿.可快速重组模块化 OPEN CNC 软件体系结构的研究[J].机床与液压,2005 年,No.9:37~29.
[33] A.Kusiak,C.C.Hung.Development of modular Products[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacturing Technology-Part A,1996,19(4):523~538.
[34] 谢楠,李爱平,徐立云.可重组制造系统及其关键技术[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 11 月,第 33 卷第 11 期:477~481.
[35] Wang Litao,Karnatey-Asibu Jr E,Mehrabi Mostafa G.A method for sensor selection in reconfigurable process monitoring [J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,Ttansactions of the ASME,20033,125(1):95~99.
[36] 张剑锋,宾鸿赞.可重构软件及其在测控仪中的应用[J].北京,现代制造工程,2003 年(10):68~70.
[37] 董嘉玥,高全辉.可重组综合测控站[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2001 年第 2 期:6~11.
[38] 王艺.基于 COM 的可重组流程的设计及其在水闸 CAD 系统中的应用,[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2001 年 3 月:23~29.
[39] Mehrabi M G,Ulsoy A G,Koren Y.Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Key to future manufacturing[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2000,(11):403~419.
[40] 方强,何岭松.软硬件可重构的远程测控系统研究[J].机床与液压,2005 年,No.1:92~93.
[41] 张兰芳.基于 Visual C++开发的并联六自由度平台测控系统,[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2002 年 2 月:22~39,61~63.
[42] (美)Deborah Kurata 著.Visual Basic6 面向对象程序设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1999.7.
[43] 马宏伟,姜俊英,魏巍.用 VC++组建基于 PC-DAQ 的虚拟仪器[J]. 西安科技学院学报,2001(6):148~151.
[44] National Instruments.The measurement and automation catalog[Z].2000:1~7.
[45] Mehrabi M G,Kannatey-Asibu Jr E.Mapping theory:A new approach to design of multi-sensor monitoring of Reconfigurable Machining Systems (RMS)[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2001,20(5):297~304.
[46] 范逸之,廖锦棋编著.Visual Basic 硬件设计与开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004 年 5 月.
[47] 候金奎.浅谈人机界面设计[J].潍坊学院学报,2002 年 4 月,第 2 卷第 2 期:69~71.
[48] 刘建东等编著.特效视窗[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000 年 11 月:333~355,497~501.
[49] 李玉忠,黄业清编著.Visual Basic 高级界面特效制作百例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000 年 10 月:253~270.
[50] 邓春芳.直线度、平行度、垂直度误差的数据处理方法[J].农业机械学报,2001年:125~127.