基于知识地图的协同产品设计链隐性知识显性化方法研究
|
摘要
在经济全球化和科技迅猛发展的今天,企业面临的市场竞争越来越激烈。产品需求的多样化、复杂化、产品生命周期的缩短、创新速度的加快以及市场的全球化,迫切要求企业以最快的速度、最低的成本提供质量最优的产品和最好的服务来快速响应市场。协同产品设计链的出现,在加强合作伙伴之间密切合作的同时,缩短产品面市时间,提高企业产品设计效率,最终取得市场竞争优势。而企业始终面临着由于专家离职导致企业知识的流失、由于没有充分利用已有知识或没有对设计知识进行积累和整理导致重复犯错……这些现象严重削弱了企业市场竞争力。为了解决这些问题,企业必须进行产品设计知识管理,而协同产品设计链对产品设计知识,尤其是隐性知识的共享、重用提出了更高的要求。
本文在对协同产品设计链、隐性知识管理的国内外研究现状以及协同产品设计链隐性知识显性化现有的方法进行分析的基础上,总结了其存在的问题,并结合协同产品设计链对隐性知识显性化的需求,以及知识地图、知识网格等相关理论知识,提出了基于知识地图的协同产品链隐性知识显性化方法,并构建基于知识地图的协同产品设计链系统层次模型,以此模型为基础,引入知识网格,构建知识网格辅助下的协同产品设计链知识重用过程模型。论文针对该模型对隐性知识获取的流程和途径进行分析,提出以知识细胞为最小储存单位建立知识资源库并构建基于知识资源库的协同产品设计链隐性知识获取模型,同时引入人工神经网络知识获取技术,在技术上实现了协同产品设计链中的隐性知识获取,即隐性知识显性化。最后,结合以上研究成果,以手机设计为例,对基于知识地图的协同产品设计链隐性知识获取技术——人工神经网络知识获取技术进行应用研究,实现了符号空间和数值空间的数据转换并给出BP网络的设计方案。
本文提出的基于知识地图的协同产品链隐性知识显性化方法,将产品设计链作为一个整体进行考虑,包含了从市场需求分析到产品交付全过程的管理,人工神经网络知识获取技术有效地实现了隐性知识的获取及其显性化。在协同产品设计链中运用该方法,能有效进行隐性知识的搜索、获取、共享、重用,缩短产品设计周期,提高企业竞争力,赢得市场份额。
In nowadays with economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the market competition among the enterprises is becoming fiercer and fiercer. Products need to be diversity, complex; the life cycle of the products has been shortened; the pace of innovation has been accelerated and the market became a great global market, which are pushing for the enterprises providing best qualities and best services with the lowest cost to response market. The emerging of Collaborative Product Design Chain strengthens the close cooperation between the enterprise and its partners and at the same time shortens time to market and improves the efficiency of products, thus ultimately gain the competitive advantage in the market. The enterprises always face the loss of corporate knowledge for the experts leaving, the insufficiency use of existing knowledge or the repeated mistakes for no accumulation and consolidation of design knowledge, which seriously erode the market competition of the enterprises. In order to cope with these problems, the enterprises must conduct a product design knowledge management. The Collaborative Product Design Chain set an even higher demand on product design knowledge, especially tacit knowledge sharing and reuse.
In this paper, on the basis of analysis of Collaborative Product Design Chain, current research situation of tacit knowledge management both at home and abroad and the existing means of Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation, the existing problems are summarized. This paper combining with the demands of Collaborative Product Design Chain for tacit knowledge dominance and the theory of Knowledge Map and Knowledge Grid provides a method of Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation and constructs the NTFS model of Collaborative Product Design Chain based on Knowledge Map. On the basis of the NTFS model, the Knowledge Grid was introduced and with the Knowledge Grid, the procedural model of Collaborative Product Design Chain knowledge reusing was constructed. This thesis analyzes the process and Access to the tacit knowledge acquisition of NTFS model on the Tacit Knowledge Explicitation and present an opinion that a knowledge resources database using knowledge cell as the minimum storage unit should be established and the knowledge resources database based Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge acquisition model should be constructed. At the same time the technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge will be brought in. So that in technology the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge can be acquired, in other words it means knowledge dominance. Finally, with the above research, take mobile for example, the study on the application of the technology to acquire the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge (technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge) based on knowledge map makes the conversion between symbolical space and numerical space come true and presents the BP network’s design proposal.
The method presented in this article for the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation based on knowledge map considers the product design chain as a unity including all- round management of the analysis of market demand and the overall process of products delivering. The technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge makes the tacit knowledge be absorbed and dominant effectively. If this method can be applied in Collaborative Product Design Chain, it can effectively help search, obtain, share, reuse the tacit knowledge and shorten the design circle and enhance the enterprises’competitiveness, thus ultimately gain the market proportion.
本文在对协同产品设计链、隐性知识管理的国内外研究现状以及协同产品设计链隐性知识显性化现有的方法进行分析的基础上,总结了其存在的问题,并结合协同产品设计链对隐性知识显性化的需求,以及知识地图、知识网格等相关理论知识,提出了基于知识地图的协同产品链隐性知识显性化方法,并构建基于知识地图的协同产品设计链系统层次模型,以此模型为基础,引入知识网格,构建知识网格辅助下的协同产品设计链知识重用过程模型。论文针对该模型对隐性知识获取的流程和途径进行分析,提出以知识细胞为最小储存单位建立知识资源库并构建基于知识资源库的协同产品设计链隐性知识获取模型,同时引入人工神经网络知识获取技术,在技术上实现了协同产品设计链中的隐性知识获取,即隐性知识显性化。最后,结合以上研究成果,以手机设计为例,对基于知识地图的协同产品设计链隐性知识获取技术——人工神经网络知识获取技术进行应用研究,实现了符号空间和数值空间的数据转换并给出BP网络的设计方案。
本文提出的基于知识地图的协同产品链隐性知识显性化方法,将产品设计链作为一个整体进行考虑,包含了从市场需求分析到产品交付全过程的管理,人工神经网络知识获取技术有效地实现了隐性知识的获取及其显性化。在协同产品设计链中运用该方法,能有效进行隐性知识的搜索、获取、共享、重用,缩短产品设计周期,提高企业竞争力,赢得市场份额。
In nowadays with economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the market competition among the enterprises is becoming fiercer and fiercer. Products need to be diversity, complex; the life cycle of the products has been shortened; the pace of innovation has been accelerated and the market became a great global market, which are pushing for the enterprises providing best qualities and best services with the lowest cost to response market. The emerging of Collaborative Product Design Chain strengthens the close cooperation between the enterprise and its partners and at the same time shortens time to market and improves the efficiency of products, thus ultimately gain the competitive advantage in the market. The enterprises always face the loss of corporate knowledge for the experts leaving, the insufficiency use of existing knowledge or the repeated mistakes for no accumulation and consolidation of design knowledge, which seriously erode the market competition of the enterprises. In order to cope with these problems, the enterprises must conduct a product design knowledge management. The Collaborative Product Design Chain set an even higher demand on product design knowledge, especially tacit knowledge sharing and reuse.
In this paper, on the basis of analysis of Collaborative Product Design Chain, current research situation of tacit knowledge management both at home and abroad and the existing means of Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation, the existing problems are summarized. This paper combining with the demands of Collaborative Product Design Chain for tacit knowledge dominance and the theory of Knowledge Map and Knowledge Grid provides a method of Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation and constructs the NTFS model of Collaborative Product Design Chain based on Knowledge Map. On the basis of the NTFS model, the Knowledge Grid was introduced and with the Knowledge Grid, the procedural model of Collaborative Product Design Chain knowledge reusing was constructed. This thesis analyzes the process and Access to the tacit knowledge acquisition of NTFS model on the Tacit Knowledge Explicitation and present an opinion that a knowledge resources database using knowledge cell as the minimum storage unit should be established and the knowledge resources database based Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge acquisition model should be constructed. At the same time the technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge will be brought in. So that in technology the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge can be acquired, in other words it means knowledge dominance. Finally, with the above research, take mobile for example, the study on the application of the technology to acquire the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge (technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge) based on knowledge map makes the conversion between symbolical space and numerical space come true and presents the BP network’s design proposal.
The method presented in this article for the Collaborative Product Design Chain Tacit Knowledge Explicitation based on knowledge map considers the product design chain as a unity including all- round management of the analysis of market demand and the overall process of products delivering. The technology to acquire artificial neural network knowledge makes the tacit knowledge be absorbed and dominant effectively. If this method can be applied in Collaborative Product Design Chain, it can effectively help search, obtain, share, reuse the tacit knowledge and shorten the design circle and enhance the enterprises’competitiveness, thus ultimately gain the market proportion.
引文
[1]张善辉.机械产品设计知识管理系统的研究[D].山东:山东大学, 2008.
[2]闻邦椿,周知承,韩清凯等.现代机械产品设计在新产品开发中的重要作用[J].机械工程学报, 2003, 39(10): 43-52.
[3]胡建,廖文和,徐勇等.基于本体的概念设计知识管理系统框架研究[J].中国机械工程, 2006, 17(2): 172-176.
[4] Ullman D G. The mechanieal design Proeess[D]. New York: McGrawHill, 1992.
[5]路甬祥.团结奋斗奋力创新建设制造强国[J].工业工程, 2003, 6(1):11-20.
[6] Cadence design systems. design chain optimization: competing in the disaggregated electronics industry[R]. C dence Design Systems, White Paper, 2003.
[7] Parametric Technology Corporation. Collaborative design chain management-The next wave of opportunity for B2B trading exchanges [EB/OL]. [2002]. http://www.ptc.com/products/windchill/projectlink_manufacturers.htm.
[8] SuzukiY.ToyamaR.ASelf-evaluation Method of SECI process in Knowledge Management[J]. International Engineering Management Conference, 2004, 2(10):491-94.
[9] Wiig K M. Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management[J]. Long Range Planning, 1997, 30(3):399-405.
[10] Jang-Hwan Lee, Young-Gul Kim, Sung-Ho Yu. Stage Model for Knowledge Management [J]. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii Interactional Conference,Hawaii, 2001: l-10.
[11] Studer R, Benjamins V R and Fensel D. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods [J]. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 122 (25): 161-197.
[12] Reglil W C ,Cicirello V A. Managing digital libraries for computer aided design[J].Computer Aided Design, 2000, 32: 119-132.
[13]张喜征,李海滔,谢琼等.面向协同产品开发过程的知识地图建构[J].情报杂志, 2008, 6: 10-12.
[14] Jonathan Grudin. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work [J]. History and Focus, 1994, 5: 19-2.
[15] Clark P A, Starkey K. Organization transitions and innovation-design [M]. Pinter, London, 1988.
[16] Munk Nina, Jaffe Thomas. Designing Ambitions[J]. Forbes, 1994, 153(5): 136.
[17] Twigg, David. Design chain management: inter-organizational coordination of product development in the UK automotive industry[D]. Ph.D thesis, University of Warwick (UK),1995.
[18] Twigg D.Management product development within a design chain [J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 1998, 18(5): 508-524.
[19] Twigg, David.Developing supplier design capability through the use of guest engineers[C]. Proceeding of 30th International Symposium for Automotive Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, 1997, June 16-19:235-242.
[20] Twigg, David.Bates, Hilary.Outsourcing of component design[C]. Proceeding of 30th International Symposium for Automotive Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, 1997, June 16-19: 127-136.
[21] Twigg, David. Slack, Nigel D C. Supplier involvement in product development: lessons from using guest engineers in the automotive industry[C]. Proceeding of 3th International Symposium on Logistics, Padova, Italy, 1997: 225-234.
[22] Twigg, David. Slack, Nigel D C. Supplier involvement in product development [J]. International journal of logistics, research and application, 1997, 1(2):181-192.
[23] Twigg, David. The role of supplier”guest engineers”in the customer's product development team[C]. Proceeding of 4th International Product Development Management, Stockholm, Sweden, 1997.
[24] Twigg, David. Inter-firm product development: a review of coordination mechanisms[R]. Warwick Business School Research Paper, No.217, 1996.
[25] Twigg, David. Design chain management [M]. The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Operations Management, Blackwell, Oxford, 1997.
[26] Peter O’Grady, Wen-chieh Chuang.Research issues in E-commerce and product development [J]. International Journal Cybernetics and Systems, 2001, 32: 775-796.
[27] Clark K, Fujimoto T. Product Development Performance: Strategy, Organization and Management in the World Auto Industry[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1991.
[28] O’Grady P. The age of modularity-using the world of modular products to revolutionize your corporation[M]. Adams and Steele Publishers, U.S.A, 1999.
[29] Wen-Chieh Chuang. Remote collaborative product development in a product development chain [M]. The University of Iowa, 2001.
[30] Dragan Domazet. Enabling engineering collaboration in inter-enterprise design chain using collaborative agents[R]. SIMTech Technical Report(MIT/00/021/PDDM), 2000.
[31] Wen Chieh Chuang, Hun Hsiang Yang. Design chain collaboration-a strategic view [J]. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 2004, 2(2): 117-121.
[32] D Alisantoso,L P Khoo,B H Ivan Lee. A rough set approach to design concept analysis in adesign chain[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2005, 25(9):427-435.
[33] Younghwan Choi, Kwangsoo Kim, Cheolhan Kim. A design chain collaboration framework using reference models [J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2005, 26(5-6):427-435.
[34]张劲松.协同产品开发链中过程管理、产品配置与数据管理技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004.
[35]王有远.产品设计链若干关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2007.
[36] Sherman, Erik.Inside the apple iPod design triumph. Electronics Design Chain Magazine, [EB/OL]. http://www.designchain.com.2002.
[37] Design Chain Engineering [EB/OL]. http://cpd-associates.com/index.cfm?content=subpage&file=include_RPPage.cfm&ID=101&DOC=12712976.
[38]陈春章,艾霞,李青青.集成电路设计与硅设计链概述[J].中国集成电路, 2004, 12: 38-41.
[39] Way Kuo.The direction of education and research in industrial engineering [C]. Proceedings of the 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management System (APIEMS 2002), Taipei, 2002, 11, 18-20.
[40] http://www.myie.org/zh/list.asp?id=205,2005,7.
[41] Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.1958: 13-51.
[42] Nonaka, lkujiro. The knowledge-creating company. Harvard Business Review, 1991. 6: 59-64.
[43] Hamel, G. Prahalad, C.K. The core competence of the corporation [J]. Harvard Business Keview, 1990, 5: 79-91.
[44] Leonard-Baton D. Core capabilities and core rigidities: Aparadoxin managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 1992, 13: 157-169.
[45] Kaj U Koskinen, Hannu Vanharanta. The Role of tacit knowledge in innovation processes of technology companies [J]. Production Economics, 2002, 8: 56-66.
[46] John C Thomas, YorktownHeights. Story-based mechanisms of tacit knowledge transfer[C]. Report of IBM. T J Watson research center, 2002, 1 2: 78-87.
[47]斯图尔特·巴恩斯.知识管理系统理论与实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.
[48] Peter Busch, Debbie Richards. Modeling tacit knowledge via questionnaire data[J]. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005:321-328.
[49] R. Viale. A. Pozzali: cognitive aspects of tacit knowledge and cultural diversity[J]. Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCl), 2006, 64:229-244.
[50]张庆普,李志超.企业隐性知识流动与转化研究[J].中国软科学, 2003, 1: 88-92.
[51]汤超颖,周寄中.企业隐性技术知识吸收模型研究[J].科研管理, 2004, 4: 41-50.
[52]胡建.产品设计知识管理关键技术研究及实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学. 2005.
[53]陈晔武,朱文峰.企业隐性知识的分类、转化及管理研究[J].情报方法, 2005, 3: 96-99.
[54]钱亚东.支持协同设计的知识管理系统研究与开发[D].浙江:浙江大学. 2006.
[55]余玲,韦茜.隐性知识是企业创造持续竞争优势的潜力[J].改革与战略, 2007, 8: 129-131.
[56]李凯.企业研发的隐性知识管理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学. 2008.
[57]周宽久,仇鹏,王磊.基于实践论的隐性知识获取模型研究[J].管理学报, 2009, 6(3):309-314.
[58]钟义信.知识论框架[J].中国工程科学, 2000, 2(9):50-64.
[59]林东清.知识管理理论与实务[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[60] Davenport T, Prusak L. Working knowledge [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
[61]王众托.知识系统工程[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[62]罗家德.社会网分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2005.
[63] Spender T. Intellectual capital: the new wealth organizations. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing GrouP,Inc. 1996.
[64] OECD关于知识分类的观点.www.chinakm.com/share/openarticle.asp
[65]李作学.个体隐性知识的结构分析与管理研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.2006
[66] Drucker P F. The New Productivity Challenge[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1991: 11-12.
[67] Verna Allee. The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intell igence [M]. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997:109-113.
[68]姜修东.组织内员工隐性知识共享的显性度研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学. 2008
[69] Polanyi, M. Tacit Dimension [M], London: Rout ledge & Kegan, 1957, 4
[70]李晓琳.企业内部隐性知识管理研究[D].山东:中国海洋大学.2008
[71]肖小勇,李自如.基于知识特性与转移动机的知识转移机制研究[J].社会主义研究, 2005, 2
[72]经济合作与发展组织(OECD).以知识为基础的经济, 1996.
[73]王有远,王云,冯雪飞等.协同产品设计链管理模式下的产品开发[J].科学学研究, 2007 25(1): 152-156.
[74]张劲松,薛春芳,刘飚等.基于协同过程的产品开发链框架研究[J].中南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 24(1): 101-104.
[75]潘云鹤.智能CAD方法和模型[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[76]哈进兵,张友良.一种异地协同设计中的安全策略[J].工程设计, 2001, 1:17-20
[77]万志波.协同设计系统中的版本管理技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,成都:西南交通大学, 2005.
[78]董秉枢.现代CAD技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2000.
[79]常锋娟.协同技术在机械设计中的应用研究[D].江苏:江苏大学, 2002.
[80]张劲松.万立,张新访.面向设计过程的产品结构建模研究[J].机械与电子, 2000, (2): 29-31.
[81]张荣国,刘静,张继福等.产品并行设计多Agent系统中任务分解和协调模型的研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报, 2002, 23(2): 166-169.
[82]刘植惠.知识基因探索(八)[J].情报理论与实践, 1999, 22(2): 141-144.
[83]胡守仁.神经网络应用技术[M].国防科技大学出版社, 1993.
[2]闻邦椿,周知承,韩清凯等.现代机械产品设计在新产品开发中的重要作用[J].机械工程学报, 2003, 39(10): 43-52.
[3]胡建,廖文和,徐勇等.基于本体的概念设计知识管理系统框架研究[J].中国机械工程, 2006, 17(2): 172-176.
[4] Ullman D G. The mechanieal design Proeess[D]. New York: McGrawHill, 1992.
[5]路甬祥.团结奋斗奋力创新建设制造强国[J].工业工程, 2003, 6(1):11-20.
[6] Cadence design systems. design chain optimization: competing in the disaggregated electronics industry[R]. C dence Design Systems, White Paper, 2003.
[7] Parametric Technology Corporation. Collaborative design chain management-The next wave of opportunity for B2B trading exchanges [EB/OL]. [2002]. http://www.ptc.com/products/windchill/projectlink_manufacturers.htm.
[8] SuzukiY.ToyamaR.ASelf-evaluation Method of SECI process in Knowledge Management[J]. International Engineering Management Conference, 2004, 2(10):491-94.
[9] Wiig K M. Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management[J]. Long Range Planning, 1997, 30(3):399-405.
[10] Jang-Hwan Lee, Young-Gul Kim, Sung-Ho Yu. Stage Model for Knowledge Management [J]. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii Interactional Conference,Hawaii, 2001: l-10.
[11] Studer R, Benjamins V R and Fensel D. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods [J]. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 122 (25): 161-197.
[12] Reglil W C ,Cicirello V A. Managing digital libraries for computer aided design[J].Computer Aided Design, 2000, 32: 119-132.
[13]张喜征,李海滔,谢琼等.面向协同产品开发过程的知识地图建构[J].情报杂志, 2008, 6: 10-12.
[14] Jonathan Grudin. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work [J]. History and Focus, 1994, 5: 19-2.
[15] Clark P A, Starkey K. Organization transitions and innovation-design [M]. Pinter, London, 1988.
[16] Munk Nina, Jaffe Thomas. Designing Ambitions[J]. Forbes, 1994, 153(5): 136.
[17] Twigg, David. Design chain management: inter-organizational coordination of product development in the UK automotive industry[D]. Ph.D thesis, University of Warwick (UK),1995.
[18] Twigg D.Management product development within a design chain [J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 1998, 18(5): 508-524.
[19] Twigg, David.Developing supplier design capability through the use of guest engineers[C]. Proceeding of 30th International Symposium for Automotive Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, 1997, June 16-19:235-242.
[20] Twigg, David.Bates, Hilary.Outsourcing of component design[C]. Proceeding of 30th International Symposium for Automotive Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, 1997, June 16-19: 127-136.
[21] Twigg, David. Slack, Nigel D C. Supplier involvement in product development: lessons from using guest engineers in the automotive industry[C]. Proceeding of 3th International Symposium on Logistics, Padova, Italy, 1997: 225-234.
[22] Twigg, David. Slack, Nigel D C. Supplier involvement in product development [J]. International journal of logistics, research and application, 1997, 1(2):181-192.
[23] Twigg, David. The role of supplier”guest engineers”in the customer's product development team[C]. Proceeding of 4th International Product Development Management, Stockholm, Sweden, 1997.
[24] Twigg, David. Inter-firm product development: a review of coordination mechanisms[R]. Warwick Business School Research Paper, No.217, 1996.
[25] Twigg, David. Design chain management [M]. The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Operations Management, Blackwell, Oxford, 1997.
[26] Peter O’Grady, Wen-chieh Chuang.Research issues in E-commerce and product development [J]. International Journal Cybernetics and Systems, 2001, 32: 775-796.
[27] Clark K, Fujimoto T. Product Development Performance: Strategy, Organization and Management in the World Auto Industry[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1991.
[28] O’Grady P. The age of modularity-using the world of modular products to revolutionize your corporation[M]. Adams and Steele Publishers, U.S.A, 1999.
[29] Wen-Chieh Chuang. Remote collaborative product development in a product development chain [M]. The University of Iowa, 2001.
[30] Dragan Domazet. Enabling engineering collaboration in inter-enterprise design chain using collaborative agents[R]. SIMTech Technical Report(MIT/00/021/PDDM), 2000.
[31] Wen Chieh Chuang, Hun Hsiang Yang. Design chain collaboration-a strategic view [J]. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 2004, 2(2): 117-121.
[32] D Alisantoso,L P Khoo,B H Ivan Lee. A rough set approach to design concept analysis in adesign chain[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2005, 25(9):427-435.
[33] Younghwan Choi, Kwangsoo Kim, Cheolhan Kim. A design chain collaboration framework using reference models [J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2005, 26(5-6):427-435.
[34]张劲松.协同产品开发链中过程管理、产品配置与数据管理技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004.
[35]王有远.产品设计链若干关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2007.
[36] Sherman, Erik.Inside the apple iPod design triumph. Electronics Design Chain Magazine, [EB/OL]. http://www.designchain.com.2002.
[37] Design Chain Engineering [EB/OL]. http://cpd-associates.com/index.cfm?content=subpage&file=include_RPPage.cfm&ID=101&DOC=12712976.
[38]陈春章,艾霞,李青青.集成电路设计与硅设计链概述[J].中国集成电路, 2004, 12: 38-41.
[39] Way Kuo.The direction of education and research in industrial engineering [C]. Proceedings of the 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management System (APIEMS 2002), Taipei, 2002, 11, 18-20.
[40] http://www.myie.org/zh/list.asp?id=205,2005,7.
[41] Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.1958: 13-51.
[42] Nonaka, lkujiro. The knowledge-creating company. Harvard Business Review, 1991. 6: 59-64.
[43] Hamel, G. Prahalad, C.K. The core competence of the corporation [J]. Harvard Business Keview, 1990, 5: 79-91.
[44] Leonard-Baton D. Core capabilities and core rigidities: Aparadoxin managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 1992, 13: 157-169.
[45] Kaj U Koskinen, Hannu Vanharanta. The Role of tacit knowledge in innovation processes of technology companies [J]. Production Economics, 2002, 8: 56-66.
[46] John C Thomas, YorktownHeights. Story-based mechanisms of tacit knowledge transfer[C]. Report of IBM. T J Watson research center, 2002, 1 2: 78-87.
[47]斯图尔特·巴恩斯.知识管理系统理论与实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.
[48] Peter Busch, Debbie Richards. Modeling tacit knowledge via questionnaire data[J]. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005:321-328.
[49] R. Viale. A. Pozzali: cognitive aspects of tacit knowledge and cultural diversity[J]. Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCl), 2006, 64:229-244.
[50]张庆普,李志超.企业隐性知识流动与转化研究[J].中国软科学, 2003, 1: 88-92.
[51]汤超颖,周寄中.企业隐性技术知识吸收模型研究[J].科研管理, 2004, 4: 41-50.
[52]胡建.产品设计知识管理关键技术研究及实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学. 2005.
[53]陈晔武,朱文峰.企业隐性知识的分类、转化及管理研究[J].情报方法, 2005, 3: 96-99.
[54]钱亚东.支持协同设计的知识管理系统研究与开发[D].浙江:浙江大学. 2006.
[55]余玲,韦茜.隐性知识是企业创造持续竞争优势的潜力[J].改革与战略, 2007, 8: 129-131.
[56]李凯.企业研发的隐性知识管理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学. 2008.
[57]周宽久,仇鹏,王磊.基于实践论的隐性知识获取模型研究[J].管理学报, 2009, 6(3):309-314.
[58]钟义信.知识论框架[J].中国工程科学, 2000, 2(9):50-64.
[59]林东清.知识管理理论与实务[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[60] Davenport T, Prusak L. Working knowledge [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
[61]王众托.知识系统工程[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[62]罗家德.社会网分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2005.
[63] Spender T. Intellectual capital: the new wealth organizations. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing GrouP,Inc. 1996.
[64] OECD关于知识分类的观点.www.chinakm.com/share/openarticle.asp
[65]李作学.个体隐性知识的结构分析与管理研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.2006
[66] Drucker P F. The New Productivity Challenge[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1991: 11-12.
[67] Verna Allee. The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intell igence [M]. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997:109-113.
[68]姜修东.组织内员工隐性知识共享的显性度研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学. 2008
[69] Polanyi, M. Tacit Dimension [M], London: Rout ledge & Kegan, 1957, 4
[70]李晓琳.企业内部隐性知识管理研究[D].山东:中国海洋大学.2008
[71]肖小勇,李自如.基于知识特性与转移动机的知识转移机制研究[J].社会主义研究, 2005, 2
[72]经济合作与发展组织(OECD).以知识为基础的经济, 1996.
[73]王有远,王云,冯雪飞等.协同产品设计链管理模式下的产品开发[J].科学学研究, 2007 25(1): 152-156.
[74]张劲松,薛春芳,刘飚等.基于协同过程的产品开发链框架研究[J].中南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 24(1): 101-104.
[75]潘云鹤.智能CAD方法和模型[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[76]哈进兵,张友良.一种异地协同设计中的安全策略[J].工程设计, 2001, 1:17-20
[77]万志波.协同设计系统中的版本管理技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,成都:西南交通大学, 2005.
[78]董秉枢.现代CAD技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2000.
[79]常锋娟.协同技术在机械设计中的应用研究[D].江苏:江苏大学, 2002.
[80]张劲松.万立,张新访.面向设计过程的产品结构建模研究[J].机械与电子, 2000, (2): 29-31.
[81]张荣国,刘静,张继福等.产品并行设计多Agent系统中任务分解和协调模型的研究[J].太原重型机械学院学报, 2002, 23(2): 166-169.
[82]刘植惠.知识基因探索(八)[J].情报理论与实践, 1999, 22(2): 141-144.
[83]胡守仁.神经网络应用技术[M].国防科技大学出版社, 1993.