超高压输电线下电磁场分布状况分析及检测技术研究
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摘要
超高压输电线自投入运行以来,已逐渐成为我国电力系统的主干网络。随之而来,超高压输电线路产生的电磁污染对沿线附近居民以及设备的影响引起了社会各方面的关注,越来越多的研究表明了这种污染的危害性。所以设计输电线路时应尽量减少的电磁污染,减少占地走廊面积。研究输电线路周围电磁场的大小对输电线路的设计有着重要的意义。
此外,春检或输电线出现故障时,检修人员检修线路前必须进行验电、以保证人身安全。随着电网运行电压等级的提高,输电线距离地面越来越高,传统的接触式验电器已经很难适应实际需要,因此开发非接触式验电设备将是一个重要的研究方向。超高压输电线运行时,其周围空间存在工频电场,不同运行状态下电场分布规律,可由此来判断超高压电运行状态。
为了对超高压输电线周围电场建模仿真,对超高压输电线路进行了一些必要的假设和简化处理,基于模拟电荷法建立了超高压输电线路二维电场的数学模型,该模型适合于空旷地带。用Matlab对算例进行仿真分析,总结了工频电场的基本分布规律。然后分析了不同条件下超高压输电输电线周围电场分布规律,结合环境评估标准,探讨了减小工频电场分布的措施,得到一些有益的结论。随后分析了超高压电缺相后场强分布规律并总结特点,提出根据该特点用于完成对输电线状态的分析。
根据超高压输电线大电流的特点,在一些简化条件的基础上,基于模拟电流法建立了超高压输电线路周围二维磁场的数学模型。通过Matlab仿真分析,得出了超高压输电线路的工频磁场基本规律,进而分析了不同条件影响下的超高压输电线周围工频磁场分布规律。
提出一种基于单片机的超高压输电线下工频电场检测系统。该系统可以对空旷地带超高压输电线下工频电场检测并显示,而且能够判断超高压线通断电状态,通过指示灯显示。
最后通过对超高压输电线路周围场强实测分布验证了所建立超高压输电线周围电磁场强度模型的应用可行性,通过一些实验室试验对检测系统中重要部分加以测试分析,系统基本达到了设计要求。
Since put into operation, the EHV transmission lines have gradually becomethe backbone network in electric power system in China. Thereupon the influenceon residents and equipment nearby from the electromagnetic pollution produced bythe EHV transmission lines has attracted the attention of various circles of societyand more and more studies indicate perniciousness of the pollution. So thetransmission lines should be designed to minimize electromagnetic pollution andreduce the transmission lines corridor area. Studying the electromagnetic fieldsurrounding the transmission lines has important significance for transmission linedesign.
In addition, maintainers must check whether the lines are still running beforeoverhauling the lines to ensure personal safety in the spring inspection or powerfailure. With the voltage levels of power network in operation increase, the distancebetween transmission line and ground higher and higher, traditional contactingelectroscope has struggled to adapt to actual needs, thus developing electricequipment for non-contact examination is an important research direction. Whenthe EHV transmission lines are running, frequency electric field permeate the spacearound, we can judge the running state of the lines from the distribution rule underdifferent conditions.
To establish modeling and simulation of electric field around the EHVtransmission lines, some necessary hypothesis and simplified handling charge arecarried out, and the mathematical model of two-dimensional electric field aroundthe EHV transmission lines is established based on the charge simulation method,and the model is suitable for open field. I summarize the basic distribution rule ofthe frequency electric field through doing simulation analysis of examples byMatlab. Then I analyze the electric field distributions around the EHV transmissionlines under different conditions, to combine environmental assessment standards,some measures are discussed to decrease the distribution of frequency electric fieldand some useful conclusions are obtained. Then I analyzed the electric fielddistributions around the EHV transmission lines without part of three phases andsummarized the characteristics and proposed a method to complete analysis for thestate of transmission lines according to the characteristics.
According to the characteristics of large current about EHV transmission lines in some simplified conditions, the mathematical model of two-dimensionalmagnetic field around the EHV transmission lines is established on the basis ofcurrent simulation method. Through Matlab simulation analysis, I arrived at thebasic law of frequency magnetic field and analyzed frequency magnetic fielddistribution rule around EHV transmission lines on the influence of differentconditions.
A frequency electric field detection system based on single chip was putforward for EHV transmission lines. This system can detect and display thefrequency electric field under EHV transmission lines in an open field, and be ableto judge the state of EHV lines through power and show the result by indicator light.
Finally application feasibility of the model established for electromagneticfield intensity around EHV transmission lines was verified through actualmeasurement of the field intensity distribution around transmission lines, someimportant components of the system were tested and analyzed in some laboratorytests, and basically the system has achieved the design requirements.
此外,春检或输电线出现故障时,检修人员检修线路前必须进行验电、以保证人身安全。随着电网运行电压等级的提高,输电线距离地面越来越高,传统的接触式验电器已经很难适应实际需要,因此开发非接触式验电设备将是一个重要的研究方向。超高压输电线运行时,其周围空间存在工频电场,不同运行状态下电场分布规律,可由此来判断超高压电运行状态。
为了对超高压输电线周围电场建模仿真,对超高压输电线路进行了一些必要的假设和简化处理,基于模拟电荷法建立了超高压输电线路二维电场的数学模型,该模型适合于空旷地带。用Matlab对算例进行仿真分析,总结了工频电场的基本分布规律。然后分析了不同条件下超高压输电输电线周围电场分布规律,结合环境评估标准,探讨了减小工频电场分布的措施,得到一些有益的结论。随后分析了超高压电缺相后场强分布规律并总结特点,提出根据该特点用于完成对输电线状态的分析。
根据超高压输电线大电流的特点,在一些简化条件的基础上,基于模拟电流法建立了超高压输电线路周围二维磁场的数学模型。通过Matlab仿真分析,得出了超高压输电线路的工频磁场基本规律,进而分析了不同条件影响下的超高压输电线周围工频磁场分布规律。
提出一种基于单片机的超高压输电线下工频电场检测系统。该系统可以对空旷地带超高压输电线下工频电场检测并显示,而且能够判断超高压线通断电状态,通过指示灯显示。
最后通过对超高压输电线路周围场强实测分布验证了所建立超高压输电线周围电磁场强度模型的应用可行性,通过一些实验室试验对检测系统中重要部分加以测试分析,系统基本达到了设计要求。
Since put into operation, the EHV transmission lines have gradually becomethe backbone network in electric power system in China. Thereupon the influenceon residents and equipment nearby from the electromagnetic pollution produced bythe EHV transmission lines has attracted the attention of various circles of societyand more and more studies indicate perniciousness of the pollution. So thetransmission lines should be designed to minimize electromagnetic pollution andreduce the transmission lines corridor area. Studying the electromagnetic fieldsurrounding the transmission lines has important significance for transmission linedesign.
In addition, maintainers must check whether the lines are still running beforeoverhauling the lines to ensure personal safety in the spring inspection or powerfailure. With the voltage levels of power network in operation increase, the distancebetween transmission line and ground higher and higher, traditional contactingelectroscope has struggled to adapt to actual needs, thus developing electricequipment for non-contact examination is an important research direction. Whenthe EHV transmission lines are running, frequency electric field permeate the spacearound, we can judge the running state of the lines from the distribution rule underdifferent conditions.
To establish modeling and simulation of electric field around the EHVtransmission lines, some necessary hypothesis and simplified handling charge arecarried out, and the mathematical model of two-dimensional electric field aroundthe EHV transmission lines is established based on the charge simulation method,and the model is suitable for open field. I summarize the basic distribution rule ofthe frequency electric field through doing simulation analysis of examples byMatlab. Then I analyze the electric field distributions around the EHV transmissionlines under different conditions, to combine environmental assessment standards,some measures are discussed to decrease the distribution of frequency electric fieldand some useful conclusions are obtained. Then I analyzed the electric fielddistributions around the EHV transmission lines without part of three phases andsummarized the characteristics and proposed a method to complete analysis for thestate of transmission lines according to the characteristics.
According to the characteristics of large current about EHV transmission lines in some simplified conditions, the mathematical model of two-dimensionalmagnetic field around the EHV transmission lines is established on the basis ofcurrent simulation method. Through Matlab simulation analysis, I arrived at thebasic law of frequency magnetic field and analyzed frequency magnetic fielddistribution rule around EHV transmission lines on the influence of differentconditions.
A frequency electric field detection system based on single chip was putforward for EHV transmission lines. This system can detect and display thefrequency electric field under EHV transmission lines in an open field, and be ableto judge the state of EHV lines through power and show the result by indicator light.
Finally application feasibility of the model established for electromagneticfield intensity around EHV transmission lines was verified through actualmeasurement of the field intensity distribution around transmission lines, someimportant components of the system were tested and analyzed in some laboratorytests, and basically the system has achieved the design requirements.
引文
1舒印彪.国家电网现状与发展.第五届输配电技术国际会议论文集.北京,2005:1~5
2周鹤良.我国电力工业发展现状及面临的新形势.电气制造. 2007,34(1):30~31
3 Malik. A review of the charge simulation method and its applications .IEEETrans. Electr. Insul, 1989, 24(1):3~20
4 Silvester, Schmidt. Fast and Precise Computation of Electrostatic Fields with aCharge Simulation Method using Modern Programming Techniques .IEEETransactions on Magnetics, 1996, 32 (3):1457~1460
5封灔彦.超高压输电线路电磁场的仿真研究.重庆大学硕士论文.2004:6~20
6 Zhou Quan, Sun Caixin. Electromagnetic environment of the EHV transmissionline and its effect. IEEE Electrical Insulating Materials. 2001, 19(22):229~232
7赵福祥,张起虹.工频电磁场的测量比对.电力环境保护. 2008,24(2) :58~59
8陈仕姜. 500kV超高压输电线工频电场分布及控制研究.福州大学硕士论文.2006:1~6
9张启春,阮江军,喻剑辉.高压架空线下空间场强的数学模型.高压电技术.2000,26(1) :19~21
10 DL/T 988-2005.高压交流架空送电线路、变电站工频电场和磁场测量方法.北京:国家环境保护总局,2005
11孙朋,张晓冬.高压线工频电场数学模型及仿真.电力建设. 2005,26(1):39~42
12 Gunatilakea, Wang Z D. Use ofwooden structures to reduce electric field underEHV transmission lines[C]. IEEE 39th International Universities PowerEngineering Conference(UPEC 2004). Bristol, 2004:223-227
13 HoffmannJ N,Pulino P. Newdevelopments onthe combined application ofcharge si mulation and numerical methods for the computation of electricfields[J] .IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, 10 (2):1105-1111
14 Zhang Bo,He Jinliang,Cui Xiang,et al. Electric field calculation forHVinsulators on the head of transmission tower by coupling CSM with BEM[J] .IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 2006, 42 (4) :543-546 .
15 Anis I H,Attia H,Mahdi A. Statistical modeling of exposure to power lineelectric fields[J] .Environmental Technology, 1991, 12 (11) :973-983
16 HU Qin, SHU Li-chun, JIANG Xing-liang. Analysis of Conductors SurfaceElectric Field of UHVDC Transmission Lines Based on Optimized ChargeSimulation Method. High Voltage Engineering.2008, 34(12):2547~2551
17刘华麟,汪泉弟. 500 kV超高压输电线下方电磁环境测量与分析.重庆大学学报. 2006, 29(5): 28~31
18马娜,邹澎,张海东.高压输电线附近工频电场模型及仿真研究.仿真技术.2009, 25(3):210~212
19俞集辉,周超.复杂地势下超高压输电线路的工频电场.高电压技术. 2006,32(1): 18~20
20黄道春,阮江军.紧凑型输电线异型分裂导线周围工频电场研究.高电压技术. 2006,32(4):55~57
21俞集辉,郑亚利等.湿度、温度对工频电场强度的影响.重庆大学学报.2009, 32(2):138~139
22赵海翔.三相大电流母线周围磁场的计算.高压电器. 1997, 6:11~14
23 Li Rong, Jiang Zhong-yong. On electromagnetic environment belowsuper-voltage lines[J], Journal of Northern Jiaotong University, 2004,24(2):118~ 122
24 Melo M.O.B.C., Fonseca L.C.A, Fontana E, Naidu S.R., Electrical andmagnetic fields of transmission lines, IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1999, Vol.14,Issue.1:200~204
25康中尉,罗飞路.交变磁场测量数学模型及类匀强场的建立.无损检测.2004, 26(11):545~548
26喻明舟,李咸善,戴亚.三相输电线路磁场的矩量法分析.电力科学与技术学报. 2007, 22(2):53~56
27 P. Sarma Maruvada, A. Turgeon, D.L.Goulet, C.U.Cardinal, A statisticalmodel to evaluate the influence of proximity to transmission lines on residentialmagnetic fields, IEEE Trans on power delivery, 1998,Uol.13,Issue.4:1322~1327
28 Abdel-Salam H.A.Hamza, Shaher A.Mohmoud, Samy M.Ghania,Environmental pollution by magnetic field associated with power transmissionlines, Energy Conversion and Management 43,2002:2443~2452
29邓春沈,丙申,陈建军.电力设备及高压架空线路周围工频磁场的探讨.华北电力技术. 2002, 7(1):1~3
30丁力.场效应法测量低频场强原理探讨.西部电子. 1990, 3(1):5~8
31 G.J.Yariv, L.G.Smith. Optical methods of electrical measurements at highvoltage levels. Electron Letter,1995,24(2):412~413
32张星,白强,夏善红.一种小型三维电场传感器.仪器仪表学报.2006,27(11):1433~1436
33祝敏,周晏.极低频电场传感器的设计.核电子学与探测技术. 2000, 20(4):289~291
34张婷,方志.球形电场测量系统在高压测量领域中的应用.电测于仪表.2007, 44(3):11~15
35曾嵘,陈未远,何金良.光电集成强电场测量系统及其应用研究.高电压技术. 2006, 32(7): 1~5
36张星,白强,夏善红.新型三维电场传感器原理及试验结果.电子器件.2006, 29(1): 118~120
37 Chen Weiyuan, Zeng Rong, Liang Xidong. Research on integrated electro-optic sensor for intensive electric field measurement [C]. Proceedings of theXIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Beijing TsinghuaUniversity Press, 2005, 19
38谢静.新型电荷放大器的设计.西安理工大学硕士学位论文. 2008: 12~20
39 Guo Min, ChenYanHui. A Method of Using Charge Amplifier to MeasureCapacitance, and a Tentative Idea of Making a New Capacitive DisplacementTransducer with this Method. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium onTest and Measurement, 2005:4142~4144
40 Wu Zutang, Min Tao. Design and Application on an Anti-high OverloadingCharge Amplifier. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Test andMeasurement, 2007:3853~3855
41 Pawel Grybos Marek, Idzik Andrzej Skoczen. Design of low noise chargeamplifier in sub-micron technology for fast shaping time[J]. Analog IntegratedCircuits and Signal Processing. 2006, 49(2): 107~114
42 Eberharter.T, Brasseur.G. Improvements of the charge amplifier used in acapacitive angular-position sensor. IEEE Instrumentation and MeasurementTechnology Conference, 1997: 1273 - 1277
43邓维礼,秦岚,刘俊,许斌.用Multisim分析二阶低通滤波器电路.现代电子技术. 2009, 28(4): 24~27
44 Li Zhongshen. Design and Analysis of Improved Butterworth Low Pass FilterElectronic Measurement and Instruments. 2007, 16(1): 729~732
45 Misakian.M, Silva.J.M. Measurements of power frequency magnetic fieldsaway from power lines. IEEE Power Delivery. 1991, 6(2):903~905
46王景江,梅良英. 500kV输变电线廊工频电磁场强度和危害调查分析.公共卫生与预防医学. 2009,20(2): 34~35
2周鹤良.我国电力工业发展现状及面临的新形势.电气制造. 2007,34(1):30~31
3 Malik. A review of the charge simulation method and its applications .IEEETrans. Electr. Insul, 1989, 24(1):3~20
4 Silvester, Schmidt. Fast and Precise Computation of Electrostatic Fields with aCharge Simulation Method using Modern Programming Techniques .IEEETransactions on Magnetics, 1996, 32 (3):1457~1460
5封灔彦.超高压输电线路电磁场的仿真研究.重庆大学硕士论文.2004:6~20
6 Zhou Quan, Sun Caixin. Electromagnetic environment of the EHV transmissionline and its effect. IEEE Electrical Insulating Materials. 2001, 19(22):229~232
7赵福祥,张起虹.工频电磁场的测量比对.电力环境保护. 2008,24(2) :58~59
8陈仕姜. 500kV超高压输电线工频电场分布及控制研究.福州大学硕士论文.2006:1~6
9张启春,阮江军,喻剑辉.高压架空线下空间场强的数学模型.高压电技术.2000,26(1) :19~21
10 DL/T 988-2005.高压交流架空送电线路、变电站工频电场和磁场测量方法.北京:国家环境保护总局,2005
11孙朋,张晓冬.高压线工频电场数学模型及仿真.电力建设. 2005,26(1):39~42
12 Gunatilakea, Wang Z D. Use ofwooden structures to reduce electric field underEHV transmission lines[C]. IEEE 39th International Universities PowerEngineering Conference(UPEC 2004). Bristol, 2004:223-227
13 HoffmannJ N,Pulino P. Newdevelopments onthe combined application ofcharge si mulation and numerical methods for the computation of electricfields[J] .IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, 10 (2):1105-1111
14 Zhang Bo,He Jinliang,Cui Xiang,et al. Electric field calculation forHVinsulators on the head of transmission tower by coupling CSM with BEM[J] .IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 2006, 42 (4) :543-546 .
15 Anis I H,Attia H,Mahdi A. Statistical modeling of exposure to power lineelectric fields[J] .Environmental Technology, 1991, 12 (11) :973-983
16 HU Qin, SHU Li-chun, JIANG Xing-liang. Analysis of Conductors SurfaceElectric Field of UHVDC Transmission Lines Based on Optimized ChargeSimulation Method. High Voltage Engineering.2008, 34(12):2547~2551
17刘华麟,汪泉弟. 500 kV超高压输电线下方电磁环境测量与分析.重庆大学学报. 2006, 29(5): 28~31
18马娜,邹澎,张海东.高压输电线附近工频电场模型及仿真研究.仿真技术.2009, 25(3):210~212
19俞集辉,周超.复杂地势下超高压输电线路的工频电场.高电压技术. 2006,32(1): 18~20
20黄道春,阮江军.紧凑型输电线异型分裂导线周围工频电场研究.高电压技术. 2006,32(4):55~57
21俞集辉,郑亚利等.湿度、温度对工频电场强度的影响.重庆大学学报.2009, 32(2):138~139
22赵海翔.三相大电流母线周围磁场的计算.高压电器. 1997, 6:11~14
23 Li Rong, Jiang Zhong-yong. On electromagnetic environment belowsuper-voltage lines[J], Journal of Northern Jiaotong University, 2004,24(2):118~ 122
24 Melo M.O.B.C., Fonseca L.C.A, Fontana E, Naidu S.R., Electrical andmagnetic fields of transmission lines, IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1999, Vol.14,Issue.1:200~204
25康中尉,罗飞路.交变磁场测量数学模型及类匀强场的建立.无损检测.2004, 26(11):545~548
26喻明舟,李咸善,戴亚.三相输电线路磁场的矩量法分析.电力科学与技术学报. 2007, 22(2):53~56
27 P. Sarma Maruvada, A. Turgeon, D.L.Goulet, C.U.Cardinal, A statisticalmodel to evaluate the influence of proximity to transmission lines on residentialmagnetic fields, IEEE Trans on power delivery, 1998,Uol.13,Issue.4:1322~1327
28 Abdel-Salam H.A.Hamza, Shaher A.Mohmoud, Samy M.Ghania,Environmental pollution by magnetic field associated with power transmissionlines, Energy Conversion and Management 43,2002:2443~2452
29邓春沈,丙申,陈建军.电力设备及高压架空线路周围工频磁场的探讨.华北电力技术. 2002, 7(1):1~3
30丁力.场效应法测量低频场强原理探讨.西部电子. 1990, 3(1):5~8
31 G.J.Yariv, L.G.Smith. Optical methods of electrical measurements at highvoltage levels. Electron Letter,1995,24(2):412~413
32张星,白强,夏善红.一种小型三维电场传感器.仪器仪表学报.2006,27(11):1433~1436
33祝敏,周晏.极低频电场传感器的设计.核电子学与探测技术. 2000, 20(4):289~291
34张婷,方志.球形电场测量系统在高压测量领域中的应用.电测于仪表.2007, 44(3):11~15
35曾嵘,陈未远,何金良.光电集成强电场测量系统及其应用研究.高电压技术. 2006, 32(7): 1~5
36张星,白强,夏善红.新型三维电场传感器原理及试验结果.电子器件.2006, 29(1): 118~120
37 Chen Weiyuan, Zeng Rong, Liang Xidong. Research on integrated electro-optic sensor for intensive electric field measurement [C]. Proceedings of theXIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Beijing TsinghuaUniversity Press, 2005, 19
38谢静.新型电荷放大器的设计.西安理工大学硕士学位论文. 2008: 12~20
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