大伙房水库三维水沙输移模拟研究
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摘要
大伙房水库位于浑河抚顺市区段的上游,是辽宁省最具有战略意义的重要水源地。伴随着人类活动对水库影响强度的日益增大,水质污染程度日益加重。在水库水环境系统中,泥沙与水流共同成为污染物的主要载体,影响着污染物在水体中的迁移转化过程,从而最终影响着水体的生态环境条件。所以对水库水动力学泥沙变化特性进行详细研究具有重要意义。
本文首先运用EFDC模型建立了大伙房水库三维水沙数值模型,通过实测资料对计算结果进行验证,基本趋势一致。并应用模型对研究区域水动力场及悬沙场进行了详细分析,发现水库枯水期由于泄流量明显的增大,出库口附近流速急增,水位较低,底部泥沙扬起剧烈；而在丰水期虽然入库泥沙浓度较大,但进入库区范围由于水面扩大,流速变小,悬沙逐渐沉降；平水期整个库区流速均非常小,库区中悬沙浓度接近于零。结果表明,该模型能够较好的反应大伙房水库的水动力及悬沙特性,可以用于模拟和分析水库的动力场及悬沙场。
其次运用建立好的模型对于1995年研究区域发生的特大洪水对大伙房水库的悬沙分布进行了模拟。研究了大伙房水库突发性水环境污染事故状态下水质状况,对事故影响程度进行了分析。结果表明,由于水库的人为调控作用,大洪水对水库的污水扩散产生了一定的影响。
Dahuofang Reservoir, located at upstream of the Hun River in Fushun city, is the most strategically important water source of Liaoning Province. Along with human activities, the water pollution is increasingly severe. In water environmental systems of reservoirs, sediments and flows are the major carriers of contaminations, which exert significant influences on the transport process of contaminations and ecology environment of waters as well. Therefore, studying the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment distribution in the reservoir is of great importance.
In this study, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) has been employed to simulate the movement of sediments and flows in Dahuofang Reservoir. The numerical model is validated by the observational data and the simulation results agree well with the measured data. Then the model is use to simulate the water dynamic field and suspended sediment field in the studying area. The results show that during the low flow period, the flow velocity near the water outlet increases dramatically and the bottom sediments are raised violently due to the obviously increasing discharge volume; during the high flow period, despite the concentration of suspended sediments increases before water flows into the reservoir, they decrease gradually during water flows inside the reservoir because the flow velocity drops; during the mean flow period, the concentration of suspended sediments is close to zero because of very small flow velocity inside the whole reservoir. It is claimed that EFDC can simulate water dynamics and sediment characters in Dahuofang Reservoir accurately and this model can be used to simulate water dynamic field and sediment field in reservoirs.
This article studies the water quality status on the condition of emergent water environmental pollution accident occurring in Dahuofang Reservoir, and analyses the influence of the accident on the reservoir. The suspended sediment distribution in Dahuofang Reservoir is simulated for "95.7" extra-large flood using well-established model. The result shows that due to man-made regulation and controlling, the flood has a certain extent influence on sewage diffusion in reservoir.
本文首先运用EFDC模型建立了大伙房水库三维水沙数值模型,通过实测资料对计算结果进行验证,基本趋势一致。并应用模型对研究区域水动力场及悬沙场进行了详细分析,发现水库枯水期由于泄流量明显的增大,出库口附近流速急增,水位较低,底部泥沙扬起剧烈；而在丰水期虽然入库泥沙浓度较大,但进入库区范围由于水面扩大,流速变小,悬沙逐渐沉降；平水期整个库区流速均非常小,库区中悬沙浓度接近于零。结果表明,该模型能够较好的反应大伙房水库的水动力及悬沙特性,可以用于模拟和分析水库的动力场及悬沙场。
其次运用建立好的模型对于1995年研究区域发生的特大洪水对大伙房水库的悬沙分布进行了模拟。研究了大伙房水库突发性水环境污染事故状态下水质状况,对事故影响程度进行了分析。结果表明,由于水库的人为调控作用,大洪水对水库的污水扩散产生了一定的影响。
Dahuofang Reservoir, located at upstream of the Hun River in Fushun city, is the most strategically important water source of Liaoning Province. Along with human activities, the water pollution is increasingly severe. In water environmental systems of reservoirs, sediments and flows are the major carriers of contaminations, which exert significant influences on the transport process of contaminations and ecology environment of waters as well. Therefore, studying the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment distribution in the reservoir is of great importance.
In this study, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) has been employed to simulate the movement of sediments and flows in Dahuofang Reservoir. The numerical model is validated by the observational data and the simulation results agree well with the measured data. Then the model is use to simulate the water dynamic field and suspended sediment field in the studying area. The results show that during the low flow period, the flow velocity near the water outlet increases dramatically and the bottom sediments are raised violently due to the obviously increasing discharge volume; during the high flow period, despite the concentration of suspended sediments increases before water flows into the reservoir, they decrease gradually during water flows inside the reservoir because the flow velocity drops; during the mean flow period, the concentration of suspended sediments is close to zero because of very small flow velocity inside the whole reservoir. It is claimed that EFDC can simulate water dynamics and sediment characters in Dahuofang Reservoir accurately and this model can be used to simulate water dynamic field and sediment field in reservoirs.
This article studies the water quality status on the condition of emergent water environmental pollution accident occurring in Dahuofang Reservoir, and analyses the influence of the accident on the reservoir. The suspended sediment distribution in Dahuofang Reservoir is simulated for "95.7" extra-large flood using well-established model. The result shows that due to man-made regulation and controlling, the flood has a certain extent influence on sewage diffusion in reservoir.
引文
[1]贺斌,郭海英.大伙房水库底质重金属污染分析[J].现代农业科技,2010,(5)：259-260.
[2]禹雪中,钟德钰,李锦秀,等.水环境中泥沙作用研究进展及分析[J].泥沙研究,2004,(6)：75-80.
[3]何用,李义天.重金属迁移转化模型研究[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5)：576-583.
[4]杨具瑞,方铎.湖泊水库暴雨径流悬移质模拟研究[J].环境科学与技术,1999,(1)：8-11.
[5]李金荣.水质距离法分析水质在大伙房水库的应用[J].东北水利水电,2005,23(7)：45-47.
[6]董延超,郭维东,杨天恩,等.大伙房水库主溢洪道三维流场数值模拟[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1)：183-185.
[7]李增,宓用宁,罗东翔.大伙房水库生态水质动力学模型研究[J].中国科技信息,2008,(1)：261-263.
[8]贺斌,金永民.辽宁大伙房水库水质富营养化评价[J].黑龙江环境通报,2009,33(4)：53-54,58.
[9]宓永宁,陈默,张茹.灰色拓扑法在大伙房水库总氮预测中的应用[J].水利建设与管理,2009,3：72-73.
[10]Wang J H, Shen Y M, Zhen H, et al. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir in China [J]. Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy,2011,54(7):1328-1341.
[11]Shen Y M, Wang J H, Zheng B H, et al. Modeling study of residence time and water age in Dahuofang Reservoir in China [J]. Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy, 2011,54(1):127-142.
[12]张明,沈永明,甄宏,等.水库中重金属迁移的神经网络模拟[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(1)：63-70.
[13]冯启申,朱琰,等.地表水水质模型概述[J].安全与环境工程,2010,17(2)：1-4.
[14]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段与空间层次[J].上海环境科学.2003,22(2)：79-85.
[15]陈小红.湖泊水库垂向二维水温分布预测[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1992.
[16]陈小红,刘美南,林艳珊.水库垂向二维水质分布研究[J].水利学报,1997,15(3)：1-7.
[17]江春波,张庆海,高忠信.河道立面二维非恒定水温及污染物分布预报模型.水利学报,2000(9)：20-24.
[18]邓云.大型深水库的水温预测研究[D].四川：四川大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2003.
[19]吴挺峰,罗潋葱,崔广柏等.河流型水库垂向二维水沙数学模型[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：215-221.
[20]李志勤.水库水水动力特性及污染物运动研究与应用[D].四川：四川大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2005.
[21]张仙娥.大型水库纵竖向二维水温、水质数值模拟-—以糯扎渡水库为例[D].西安：西安理工大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2004.
[22]吴德刚.水库水环境数学模型进展研究[D].吉林：吉林大学环境工程专业,2004.
[23]姜恒志,沈永明,汪守东.瓯江口三维潮流和盐度数值模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2009,24(1)：63-70.
[24]刘夏明,李俊清,豆小敏等.EFDC模型在河口水环境模拟中的应用及进展[J].环境科学与技术.2011,34(6G)：136-140.
[25]Van Rijn LC. Mathematical modeling of suspended sediment in non-uniform flows [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE,1986,112(6):433-455.
[26]Ji Z G, Morton M R, Hamrick J M. Modeling hydrodynamic and sediment processes in Morro Bay [A]. In:Spaulding M L, Butler H L, eds. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling [C]. New York:ASCE,2000,1035-1054.
[27]Ji Z G, Hamrick J M, Pagenkopf J. Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2002,128(2):105-119.
[28]Liu Z J, Kingery W L, Huddleston D H, et al. Modeling nutrient dynamics under critical flow conditions in three tributaries of St. Louis Bay [J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A,2008,43(6):633-645.
[29]沈珍瑶,牛军峰,齐珺,等.长江中游典型段水体污染特征及生态风险[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[30]史经昊,李广雪.三维多组分泥沙数值模型在胶州湾的应用.海洋地质与第四纪地质.2010,30(6)：15-24.
[31]陈异晖.基于EFDC模型的滇池水质模拟[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(4)：28-30.
[32]Hamrick J M. A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code: theoretical and computational aspects [R]. Special Report 317, Gloucester, Massachusetts:Virginia Institute of Marine Science, the College of William and Mary, 1992,1-63.
[33]田香荣,陈林.2004年度大伙房水库水质评价[J].辽宁城乡环境科技.2005,25(6)：15-17.
[34]王曙光,栾继红,刘清石.浑河流域上游(抚顺段)河流泥沙特性分析[J].东北水利水电.2008,26(284)：28-29.
[35]孙冬梅,冯平,张明进.人控水动力条件对枯水年洪水期水库水环境的影响[J].第八届中国水论坛论文摘要.
[36]陈锦范,邓程林,侯锴.辽宁省大伙房、清河、柴河水库“95.7”洪水调度简介[J].水利规划,1998,(2)：60-63.
[37]王本德,张静.考虑暴雨成因的大伙房水库洪水分类研究[J].水文,2008,28(1)：15-20.
[38]许海军.水库调洪数值—解析解法及其应用[J].东北水利水电,1999,(12)：21-24.
[39]陈立新,詹中凯,等.“95·7”大洪水对大伙房水库沿岸侵蚀状况分析[J].东北水利水电,2007,25(273)：57-58.
[40]Romero J R, Antenucci J P, Imberger J. One- and three-dimensional bilgeochemical simulations of two differing reservoirs [J]. Ecological Modelling.2004,174(1-2): 143-160.
[41]王光谦.河流泥沙研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2007,(2)：64-80.
[42]张明亮.河流水动力及水质模型研究[D].大连：大连理工大学港口、海岸及近海工程专业,2007.
[2]禹雪中,钟德钰,李锦秀,等.水环境中泥沙作用研究进展及分析[J].泥沙研究,2004,(6)：75-80.
[3]何用,李义天.重金属迁移转化模型研究[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5)：576-583.
[4]杨具瑞,方铎.湖泊水库暴雨径流悬移质模拟研究[J].环境科学与技术,1999,(1)：8-11.
[5]李金荣.水质距离法分析水质在大伙房水库的应用[J].东北水利水电,2005,23(7)：45-47.
[6]董延超,郭维东,杨天恩,等.大伙房水库主溢洪道三维流场数值模拟[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1)：183-185.
[7]李增,宓用宁,罗东翔.大伙房水库生态水质动力学模型研究[J].中国科技信息,2008,(1)：261-263.
[8]贺斌,金永民.辽宁大伙房水库水质富营养化评价[J].黑龙江环境通报,2009,33(4)：53-54,58.
[9]宓永宁,陈默,张茹.灰色拓扑法在大伙房水库总氮预测中的应用[J].水利建设与管理,2009,3：72-73.
[10]Wang J H, Shen Y M, Zhen H, et al. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir in China [J]. Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy,2011,54(7):1328-1341.
[11]Shen Y M, Wang J H, Zheng B H, et al. Modeling study of residence time and water age in Dahuofang Reservoir in China [J]. Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy, 2011,54(1):127-142.
[12]张明,沈永明,甄宏,等.水库中重金属迁移的神经网络模拟[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(1)：63-70.
[13]冯启申,朱琰,等.地表水水质模型概述[J].安全与环境工程,2010,17(2)：1-4.
[14]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段与空间层次[J].上海环境科学.2003,22(2)：79-85.
[15]陈小红.湖泊水库垂向二维水温分布预测[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1992.
[16]陈小红,刘美南,林艳珊.水库垂向二维水质分布研究[J].水利学报,1997,15(3)：1-7.
[17]江春波,张庆海,高忠信.河道立面二维非恒定水温及污染物分布预报模型.水利学报,2000(9)：20-24.
[18]邓云.大型深水库的水温预测研究[D].四川：四川大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2003.
[19]吴挺峰,罗潋葱,崔广柏等.河流型水库垂向二维水沙数学模型[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2)：215-221.
[20]李志勤.水库水水动力特性及污染物运动研究与应用[D].四川：四川大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2005.
[21]张仙娥.大型水库纵竖向二维水温、水质数值模拟-—以糯扎渡水库为例[D].西安：西安理工大学水力学及河流动力学专业,2004.
[22]吴德刚.水库水环境数学模型进展研究[D].吉林：吉林大学环境工程专业,2004.
[23]姜恒志,沈永明,汪守东.瓯江口三维潮流和盐度数值模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2009,24(1)：63-70.
[24]刘夏明,李俊清,豆小敏等.EFDC模型在河口水环境模拟中的应用及进展[J].环境科学与技术.2011,34(6G)：136-140.
[25]Van Rijn LC. Mathematical modeling of suspended sediment in non-uniform flows [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE,1986,112(6):433-455.
[26]Ji Z G, Morton M R, Hamrick J M. Modeling hydrodynamic and sediment processes in Morro Bay [A]. In:Spaulding M L, Butler H L, eds. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling [C]. New York:ASCE,2000,1035-1054.
[27]Ji Z G, Hamrick J M, Pagenkopf J. Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2002,128(2):105-119.
[28]Liu Z J, Kingery W L, Huddleston D H, et al. Modeling nutrient dynamics under critical flow conditions in three tributaries of St. Louis Bay [J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A,2008,43(6):633-645.
[29]沈珍瑶,牛军峰,齐珺,等.长江中游典型段水体污染特征及生态风险[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[30]史经昊,李广雪.三维多组分泥沙数值模型在胶州湾的应用.海洋地质与第四纪地质.2010,30(6)：15-24.
[31]陈异晖.基于EFDC模型的滇池水质模拟[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(4)：28-30.
[32]Hamrick J M. A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code: theoretical and computational aspects [R]. Special Report 317, Gloucester, Massachusetts:Virginia Institute of Marine Science, the College of William and Mary, 1992,1-63.
[33]田香荣,陈林.2004年度大伙房水库水质评价[J].辽宁城乡环境科技.2005,25(6)：15-17.
[34]王曙光,栾继红,刘清石.浑河流域上游(抚顺段)河流泥沙特性分析[J].东北水利水电.2008,26(284)：28-29.
[35]孙冬梅,冯平,张明进.人控水动力条件对枯水年洪水期水库水环境的影响[J].第八届中国水论坛论文摘要.
[36]陈锦范,邓程林,侯锴.辽宁省大伙房、清河、柴河水库“95.7”洪水调度简介[J].水利规划,1998,(2)：60-63.
[37]王本德,张静.考虑暴雨成因的大伙房水库洪水分类研究[J].水文,2008,28(1)：15-20.
[38]许海军.水库调洪数值—解析解法及其应用[J].东北水利水电,1999,(12)：21-24.
[39]陈立新,詹中凯,等.“95·7”大洪水对大伙房水库沿岸侵蚀状况分析[J].东北水利水电,2007,25(273)：57-58.
[40]Romero J R, Antenucci J P, Imberger J. One- and three-dimensional bilgeochemical simulations of two differing reservoirs [J]. Ecological Modelling.2004,174(1-2): 143-160.
[41]王光谦.河流泥沙研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2007,(2)：64-80.
[42]张明亮.河流水动力及水质模型研究[D].大连：大连理工大学港口、海岸及近海工程专业,2007.