基于嵌入式Linux的数字家庭安防图像采集系统
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摘要
随着信息领域的技术革新,信息技术已经发展到了"后PC时代"。嵌入式技术突飞猛进的发展推动了在各领域的应用。嵌入式系统的研究开发已成为信息领域的一个热点。特别在"数字家庭"的构建中,基于嵌入式技术的产品层出不穷。有了嵌入式技术的应用,人们的生活变得更加安全、高效。
在现今的居家环境中,存在着这样的问题:一方面,传统的家庭安防的手段多为被动式,当意外发生时,不能及时做出判断或者保留可靠的信息;另一方面,即便小区中安置有安防系统,也不能够及时告知家庭主人个体家中的异常情况。在构建数字家庭的背景下,从家庭的个体安防理念出发,这样的弊端是理应被克服的。
本文研究的正是应用在家庭环境中的嵌入式图像采集系统,旨在快速地反应情况、高效地捕捉信息,提高信息的可信度和完整性,为小区安全和个体家庭安全服务。
本文在对嵌入式系统的特点、软件和硬件进行详细分析讨论的基础上,做了以下研究:
分析了家庭安防领域的发展趋势,基于家庭安防环境的特点,结合嵌入式技术的优势,论证了采用嵌入式技术构建图像采集系统方案。
选择了Linux作为开发平台,采用ARM9芯片S3C2410、USB摄像头和GPRS通信模块,设计了一个基于嵌入式的现代家庭安防监控系统,并且提出了适用于家庭的图像采集系统的专用微缩模型。
剖析了Linux下的USB驱动开发和ARM技术。研究了USB摄像头在Linux下的挂载和设置,实现了USB摄像头在Linux环境下的的驱动。设计了核心板的外围接口电路、红外感应模块的外围接口电路,并扩展了与GPRS通信模块(为后端传输准备)的接口。
基于V4L接口,采用双缓冲的采集方法,有效地提高了图象采集效率,实现了家庭图像在异常状态的实时采集,并且应用JPEG算法对图像数据进行了压缩。
实验结果表明,整个系统自成体系,灵敏度高,效率高,可扩展性强,能够有效地实现家庭安防监控系统的异常图像采集和报警任务,具有一定应用价值和市场推广前景。
With the innovation of the technology in IT field, the IT technology has stepped into the state of Post PC Era. Embedded system has a giant development in various fields, and the application makes the researching on embedded system be a hot point. Especially, in the field of E-Home, various products spread in a sudden. The embedded systems make the life of people be more safer and efficient.
There are some problems appearing in the housing surroundings about security: for one thing, the traditional methods of security are passive modes, and they can not make a determination immediately and record the reliable information. For another thing, even if security system has been installed in the zone, it still can not inform the house host about the unusual case. These defects must be erased, according to the conception of independent housing security.
The system in this paper is the very system in housing surroundings, aiming at capturing the information immediately, and strengthening the reliability and integrity.
Based on the feature of embedded system, the analysis of software and hardware, this paper has done the researchings, as below:
This paper analyzed the trend of the field of the housing security, based on the housing surroundings, and has demonstrated the plan of using embedded system.
Combined embedded Linux operating system, S3C2410, USB camera and GPRS module, a modern housing monitoring system has been formed. And, a miniature for housing surroundings has been brought up.
Analyzed the technology of USB and ARM, researched on the setting of USB device under Linux, the driver of USB camera has been formed, the circuits of Core-board, infrared module and GPRS module have been finished.
Based on the V4L and dual-buffer mode, the efficiency of capturing has been advanced. And JPEG has been applied to compress the frames.
The results make it clear that the overall system has a high sensitivity. And it can realize the tasks of capturing unusual frames and alarming. What is more important, the system has the value of application and popularization in the market.
在现今的居家环境中,存在着这样的问题:一方面,传统的家庭安防的手段多为被动式,当意外发生时,不能及时做出判断或者保留可靠的信息;另一方面,即便小区中安置有安防系统,也不能够及时告知家庭主人个体家中的异常情况。在构建数字家庭的背景下,从家庭的个体安防理念出发,这样的弊端是理应被克服的。
本文研究的正是应用在家庭环境中的嵌入式图像采集系统,旨在快速地反应情况、高效地捕捉信息,提高信息的可信度和完整性,为小区安全和个体家庭安全服务。
本文在对嵌入式系统的特点、软件和硬件进行详细分析讨论的基础上,做了以下研究:
分析了家庭安防领域的发展趋势,基于家庭安防环境的特点,结合嵌入式技术的优势,论证了采用嵌入式技术构建图像采集系统方案。
选择了Linux作为开发平台,采用ARM9芯片S3C2410、USB摄像头和GPRS通信模块,设计了一个基于嵌入式的现代家庭安防监控系统,并且提出了适用于家庭的图像采集系统的专用微缩模型。
剖析了Linux下的USB驱动开发和ARM技术。研究了USB摄像头在Linux下的挂载和设置,实现了USB摄像头在Linux环境下的的驱动。设计了核心板的外围接口电路、红外感应模块的外围接口电路,并扩展了与GPRS通信模块(为后端传输准备)的接口。
基于V4L接口,采用双缓冲的采集方法,有效地提高了图象采集效率,实现了家庭图像在异常状态的实时采集,并且应用JPEG算法对图像数据进行了压缩。
实验结果表明,整个系统自成体系,灵敏度高,效率高,可扩展性强,能够有效地实现家庭安防监控系统的异常图像采集和报警任务,具有一定应用价值和市场推广前景。
With the innovation of the technology in IT field, the IT technology has stepped into the state of Post PC Era. Embedded system has a giant development in various fields, and the application makes the researching on embedded system be a hot point. Especially, in the field of E-Home, various products spread in a sudden. The embedded systems make the life of people be more safer and efficient.
There are some problems appearing in the housing surroundings about security: for one thing, the traditional methods of security are passive modes, and they can not make a determination immediately and record the reliable information. For another thing, even if security system has been installed in the zone, it still can not inform the house host about the unusual case. These defects must be erased, according to the conception of independent housing security.
The system in this paper is the very system in housing surroundings, aiming at capturing the information immediately, and strengthening the reliability and integrity.
Based on the feature of embedded system, the analysis of software and hardware, this paper has done the researchings, as below:
This paper analyzed the trend of the field of the housing security, based on the housing surroundings, and has demonstrated the plan of using embedded system.
Combined embedded Linux operating system, S3C2410, USB camera and GPRS module, a modern housing monitoring system has been formed. And, a miniature for housing surroundings has been brought up.
Analyzed the technology of USB and ARM, researched on the setting of USB device under Linux, the driver of USB camera has been formed, the circuits of Core-board, infrared module and GPRS module have been finished.
Based on the V4L and dual-buffer mode, the efficiency of capturing has been advanced. And JPEG has been applied to compress the frames.
The results make it clear that the overall system has a high sensitivity. And it can realize the tasks of capturing unusual frames and alarming. What is more important, the system has the value of application and popularization in the market.
引文
[1]邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].清华大学出版社.2002:71-81
[2]马义德,刘映杰.嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景信息技术[M].2001,(12):57-59
[3]李海刚.基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究与应用[J].昆明理工大学硕士论文.2002:6-8
[4]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫等。嵌入式开发详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1-77
[5]朱居正,高冰.Linux 9系统管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1-64.linux
[6]王景新,肖枫涛,丁丁等.Linux 9系统管理完全手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:113-214
[7]MirkOHoller,RTlinux_first_steps,http://midas.psi.ch/rtllnux,March,2002
[8]Victor Yodaiken,Michael Brananov,Real-Time Linux Applications And Design,http://luz.nmt.edu/-rtlinux,1999
[9]FSM Labs,Inc.,RTLINUX INSTALLTION INSTRUCTIONS,http//:www.fsmlabs.com,2003
[10]Epplin J.,Linux as an Embedded Operating System,Embedded Systems Programming,1997(10):59-63
[11]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1-21
[12]吴明晖.ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:63-120
[13]ARM Corporation.ARM7TDMI Datasheet.ARM Limited.Allrghts Reserved.Copyright 1995:3-5
[14]于明,范书瑞,曾祥烨等.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:80-114
[15]陈赜,秦贵和,徐中华等.ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:9-12
[16]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini & Greg Kroah-Harrtman.Linux device drivers[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:324-358
[17]杨伟,刘强,顾新.Linux下USB设备驱动研究与开发[J].计算机工程,2006,10:283-285
[18]鲍忠贵.Linux操作系统中断与设备驱动程序设计与实现[J].飞行器测控学报2000,(2):8185
[19]李祥兵,郑扣根.Linux中的IIC总线驱动程序的开发[J].计算机工程与设计.2005,(1):41-43
[20]兰晓红.嵌入式Linux中断设备驱动程序设计[J].计算机应用研究2003,(5):96-98
[21]Rob Holman,John Stanley,Tuba Ozkall-Haller.Applying Videosensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring.Vincestanford.2003,95(4):14-21
[22]um_s3c2410s_rev12_030428.pdf,三星公司s3c2410s芯片技术手册
[23]LP8072C.pdf,深圳市联德合微电子公司LP8072C技术手册
[24]SIM300C_HD_V1.10.pdf,SIMCOM公司SIM300C技术手册
[25]DM9000.pdf,DAVIDCOM公司DM9000技术手册
[26]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:298-330
[27]陈俊宏.Embedded Linux嵌入式系统原理与实务[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.183-210
[28]刘淼.嵌入式系统接1:3设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:286-300
[29]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南──基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:1-203
[30]周林.基于IP摄像头的监控系统的开发[J].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002
[31]刘毅峰.IP摄像头的编解码器设计及系统实现[J].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002
[32]W.Richard Stevens,Unix网络编程──进程间通信,清华大学出版社,2000
[33]W.Richard Stevens,Unix网络编程──套接口API,清华大学出版社,2000
[34]Special Issue on Video Communications,Processing,and Understanding for Third Generation Surveillance Systems PROCEEDINGS OF THEIEEE,VOL.89,NO.10,OCTOBER 2001
[35]刘伟峰,唐晓英.基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统[J].视频技术与工程.2003,(6):79-81
[36]唐朝云,孙丹.基于Linux的嵌入式数字监控系统的设计和实现[J].计算机工程.2003,(10):152-154
[37]卢涛.精通shell编程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002:1-82
[38]王高,喻俊志。CMOS图像传感器的发展现状[J].华北工学院测试技术学报.2000,(1):60-65
[2]马义德,刘映杰.嵌入式系统的现状及发展前景信息技术[M].2001,(12):57-59
[3]李海刚.基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究与应用[J].昆明理工大学硕士论文.2002:6-8
[4]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫等。嵌入式开发详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1-77
[5]朱居正,高冰.Linux 9系统管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1-64.linux
[6]王景新,肖枫涛,丁丁等.Linux 9系统管理完全手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:113-214
[7]MirkOHoller,RTlinux_first_steps,http://midas.psi.ch/rtllnux,March,2002
[8]Victor Yodaiken,Michael Brananov,Real-Time Linux Applications And Design,http://luz.nmt.edu/-rtlinux,1999
[9]FSM Labs,Inc.,RTLINUX INSTALLTION INSTRUCTIONS,http//:www.fsmlabs.com,2003
[10]Epplin J.,Linux as an Embedded Operating System,Embedded Systems Programming,1997(10):59-63
[11]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1-21
[12]吴明晖.ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:63-120
[13]ARM Corporation.ARM7TDMI Datasheet.ARM Limited.Allrghts Reserved.Copyright 1995:3-5
[14]于明,范书瑞,曾祥烨等.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:80-114
[15]陈赜,秦贵和,徐中华等.ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:9-12
[16]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini & Greg Kroah-Harrtman.Linux device drivers[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:324-358
[17]杨伟,刘强,顾新.Linux下USB设备驱动研究与开发[J].计算机工程,2006,10:283-285
[18]鲍忠贵.Linux操作系统中断与设备驱动程序设计与实现[J].飞行器测控学报2000,(2):8185
[19]李祥兵,郑扣根.Linux中的IIC总线驱动程序的开发[J].计算机工程与设计.2005,(1):41-43
[20]兰晓红.嵌入式Linux中断设备驱动程序设计[J].计算机应用研究2003,(5):96-98
[21]Rob Holman,John Stanley,Tuba Ozkall-Haller.Applying Videosensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring.Vincestanford.2003,95(4):14-21
[22]um_s3c2410s_rev12_030428.pdf,三星公司s3c2410s芯片技术手册
[23]LP8072C.pdf,深圳市联德合微电子公司LP8072C技术手册
[24]SIM300C_HD_V1.10.pdf,SIMCOM公司SIM300C技术手册
[25]DM9000.pdf,DAVIDCOM公司DM9000技术手册
[26]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:298-330
[27]陈俊宏.Embedded Linux嵌入式系统原理与实务[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.183-210
[28]刘淼.嵌入式系统接1:3设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:286-300
[29]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南──基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:1-203
[30]周林.基于IP摄像头的监控系统的开发[J].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002
[31]刘毅峰.IP摄像头的编解码器设计及系统实现[J].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002
[32]W.Richard Stevens,Unix网络编程──进程间通信,清华大学出版社,2000
[33]W.Richard Stevens,Unix网络编程──套接口API,清华大学出版社,2000
[34]Special Issue on Video Communications,Processing,and Understanding for Third Generation Surveillance Systems PROCEEDINGS OF THEIEEE,VOL.89,NO.10,OCTOBER 2001
[35]刘伟峰,唐晓英.基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统[J].视频技术与工程.2003,(6):79-81
[36]唐朝云,孙丹.基于Linux的嵌入式数字监控系统的设计和实现[J].计算机工程.2003,(10):152-154
[37]卢涛.精通shell编程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002:1-82
[38]王高,喻俊志。CMOS图像传感器的发展现状[J].华北工学院测试技术学报.2000,(1):60-65