EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料的研究
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摘要
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚树脂(EVA)是一类具有橡胶弹性的热塑性塑料。在EVA分子中,由于醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)的存在,使聚乙烯(PE)分子链的规整度降低,其结晶度随之下降,以致分子链在热运动中内旋运动的能力有很大的提高,其柔顺性显著提高,宏观上表现为很高的弹性。VAc含量为12%～30%的EVA可制造高倍率独立气泡型室温泡沫塑料,因隔热、保温、防震、柔软、回弹性优良、耐候性好而广泛应用于工业、建筑业、水产业,特别是在鞋用材料方面的应用更广。然而作为材料使用,仍存在其机械强度低和耐磨性较差等缺陷,限制了它的进一步应用。本研究旨在将化学接枝改性与物理共混改性结合起来,希望能够制备出适用于制鞋的性能优异的EVA基纳米复合材料,并研究其摩擦磨损机理及发泡性能。
将EVA进行皂化水解,使其侧链上生成游离的羟基,以红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振(NMR)等检测手段对产物进行表征,分析产物的结构特征。~(13)C-NMR分析表明,游离的羟基在皂化EVA(EVAL)侧链上有三种序列结构;采用二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)合成异氰酸酯基(-NCO)封端的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,用红外光谱对聚氨酯预聚体进行了结构表征,并分析反应时间、反应温度及体系水分含量对预聚体性能的影响。研究了聚氨酯预聚体的反应动力学方程。FT-IR分析表明,所制备的PU预聚体是以-NCO封端的。
通过熔融接枝法制得了EVA-g-PU接枝聚合物,用~(13)C-NMR和FT-IR对产物进行了结构表征。结果表明,PU预聚体成功地接枝在EVAL主链上。力学性能检测表明,接枝聚合物的抗拉强度与断裂伸长率优于纯EVA。动态力学分析(DMA)表明,接枝聚合物的储能模量相对于纯EVA有较大程度的提高。热失重(TG)分析表明,PU预聚体的加入能有效地改善接枝聚合物的热稳定性能。
采用“一步法”与“两步法”制备了EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料。结合X-射线衍射(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)分析可知,OMMT在“两步法”制备的复合材料中是以剥离状态分布的,在“一步法”制备的复合材料中是以插层状态分布的。“两步法”制备的纳米复合材料的力学性能要优于“一步法”制备的纳米复合材料。力学测试表明,EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料的力学性能要远优于纯EVA,当有机蒙脱土的质量分数为3%时,纳米复合材料的力学性能最优;随着有机蒙脱土质量分数的提高,纳米复合材料的储能模量呈现逐渐增大的趋势,损耗因子呈现逐渐降低的趋势。热失重(TG)分析表明,EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性能要优于纯EVA。
将丁苯橡胶(SBR)与EVA-g-PU/OMMT(“两步法”或“一步法”制备EVA-g-PU/OMMT复合材料)纳米复合材料通过熔融共混法制备了EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR复合材料。对EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。研究结果表明,当复合材料中OMMT与SBR的质量分数分别为3%和15%时,复合材料的力学性能与耐摩擦磨损性能最优。通过扫描电镜分析复合材料的磨损表面可知,EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料的磨损机理属于粘着磨损。
将制备的EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料进行发泡应用实验。通过对发泡剂用量、交联剂用量、发泡温度及发泡时间等单因素的优化实验,得出EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料的发泡配方为:发泡剂AC的质量分数为6%,交联剂DCP的质量分数为0.6%,发泡时间为15min,发泡温度为130℃,模压压力为10MPa。将发泡材料在际华三五一五皮革皮鞋有限公司进行应用实验,得到了公司的认可。
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is a sort of thermoplastic elastomer plastic. In EVA molecule, due to the existence of vinyl acetate (VAc), regularity and degree of crystallinity of the PE chain decreased, internal rotation movement ability of molecule chain in thermo-movement and flexibility of molecule chain were improved greatly. In macroscopic view, it represents performing high elasticity. EVA contained 12%～30% VAc can be used to produce the independent microporous foam material. For excellent insulation, flexibility, elasticity and weather resistance, the EVA foam was widely used in industry, construction, aquaculture, especially in shoe materials. However, there are some defects for EVA, such as poor adhesion, wetting, printing, gas permeability and material compatibility, and these defects confined its further application. This research is aiming at combination the chemical graft modification and physical blend modification and wishes to prepare a novel EVA based nanocomposites with excellent properties and can be applied in shoes industry. Meanwhile, the foam properties and friction mechanism of nanocomposites is studied.
In alkalescence situation, there is a saponification hydrolysis reaction of EVA and free hydroxy can be created. The reaction condition was optimized and the products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The structure character was analyzed. Sequence structure of the saponified EVA was studied by C-NMR. There were three sequence structures of free hydroxy of EVAL. Polyurethane prepolymer (PU prepolymer) was produced with Diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI) and Polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG). The PU prepolymer was terminated with -NCO. The structure of PU prepolymer was characterized by FT-IR and the effect of reaction time and reaction temperature and moisture content on properties of PU prepolymer were analyzed. Dynamics equation of PU prepolymer was explored. FT-IR suggested that PU prepolymer was terminted by -NCO.
A new type of graft copolymer EVA-g-PU was synthesized via melt grafting reaction. FTIR and ~(13)C-NMR testing showed that the PU prepolymer was grafted on EVA main chains successfully. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of EVA-g-PU were far superior to pure EVA. The enhanced storage modulus of EVA-g-PU was characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The enhanced degree in the storage modulus of EVA-g-PU increased with the increase of PU prepolymer content. The thermal stabilities of EVA-g-PU were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods. Combining the analysis of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), it can be knew that the distributing state of OMMT was intercalated in composites prepared by the method of one step and the distributing state of OMMT was exploited in composites prepared by the method of two steps. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared by method of two steps were superior to the nanocomposites prepared by method of one step. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and Tear strength of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were far superior to pure EVA. When the mass fraction of OMMT was 3%, mechanics properties of nanocomposites were the best. The storage modulus of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Along with the increase of OMMT content, the storage modulus of nanocomposites was increased and the Tanδwas decreasing. The thermal stabilities of nanocomposites were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stabilities of nanocomposites were more superior to pure EVA.
EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were prepared by the method of melt blend with SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) and EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites prepared by method two steps. Through the study of mechanical and friction properties of nanocomposites, we knew when the mass fraction of OMMT and SBR were 3% and 15%, mechanics and friction properties of nanocomposites were the best.
EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were applied to foam experiment. Through the optimized experiment of vesicant content and crosshnking agent content and foam temperature and foam time, the optimized techniques of EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were: vesicant content of AC was 6%, crosshnking agent of DCP was 0.7%, foam time was 15 min, foam temperature was 130℃, and foam pressure was 10MPa. The foams made by EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were applied in Jihua 3515 leather & leather shoes Co., Ltd and were recognized by the company.
将EVA进行皂化水解,使其侧链上生成游离的羟基,以红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振(NMR)等检测手段对产物进行表征,分析产物的结构特征。~(13)C-NMR分析表明,游离的羟基在皂化EVA(EVAL)侧链上有三种序列结构;采用二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)合成异氰酸酯基(-NCO)封端的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,用红外光谱对聚氨酯预聚体进行了结构表征,并分析反应时间、反应温度及体系水分含量对预聚体性能的影响。研究了聚氨酯预聚体的反应动力学方程。FT-IR分析表明,所制备的PU预聚体是以-NCO封端的。
通过熔融接枝法制得了EVA-g-PU接枝聚合物,用~(13)C-NMR和FT-IR对产物进行了结构表征。结果表明,PU预聚体成功地接枝在EVAL主链上。力学性能检测表明,接枝聚合物的抗拉强度与断裂伸长率优于纯EVA。动态力学分析(DMA)表明,接枝聚合物的储能模量相对于纯EVA有较大程度的提高。热失重(TG)分析表明,PU预聚体的加入能有效地改善接枝聚合物的热稳定性能。
采用“一步法”与“两步法”制备了EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料。结合X-射线衍射(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)分析可知,OMMT在“两步法”制备的复合材料中是以剥离状态分布的,在“一步法”制备的复合材料中是以插层状态分布的。“两步法”制备的纳米复合材料的力学性能要优于“一步法”制备的纳米复合材料。力学测试表明,EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料的力学性能要远优于纯EVA,当有机蒙脱土的质量分数为3%时,纳米复合材料的力学性能最优;随着有机蒙脱土质量分数的提高,纳米复合材料的储能模量呈现逐渐增大的趋势,损耗因子呈现逐渐降低的趋势。热失重(TG)分析表明,EVA-g-PU/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性能要优于纯EVA。
将丁苯橡胶(SBR)与EVA-g-PU/OMMT(“两步法”或“一步法”制备EVA-g-PU/OMMT复合材料)纳米复合材料通过熔融共混法制备了EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR复合材料。对EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。研究结果表明,当复合材料中OMMT与SBR的质量分数分别为3%和15%时,复合材料的力学性能与耐摩擦磨损性能最优。通过扫描电镜分析复合材料的磨损表面可知,EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料的磨损机理属于粘着磨损。
将制备的EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料进行发泡应用实验。通过对发泡剂用量、交联剂用量、发泡温度及发泡时间等单因素的优化实验,得出EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR纳米复合材料的发泡配方为:发泡剂AC的质量分数为6%,交联剂DCP的质量分数为0.6%,发泡时间为15min,发泡温度为130℃,模压压力为10MPa。将发泡材料在际华三五一五皮革皮鞋有限公司进行应用实验,得到了公司的认可。
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is a sort of thermoplastic elastomer plastic. In EVA molecule, due to the existence of vinyl acetate (VAc), regularity and degree of crystallinity of the PE chain decreased, internal rotation movement ability of molecule chain in thermo-movement and flexibility of molecule chain were improved greatly. In macroscopic view, it represents performing high elasticity. EVA contained 12%～30% VAc can be used to produce the independent microporous foam material. For excellent insulation, flexibility, elasticity and weather resistance, the EVA foam was widely used in industry, construction, aquaculture, especially in shoe materials. However, there are some defects for EVA, such as poor adhesion, wetting, printing, gas permeability and material compatibility, and these defects confined its further application. This research is aiming at combination the chemical graft modification and physical blend modification and wishes to prepare a novel EVA based nanocomposites with excellent properties and can be applied in shoes industry. Meanwhile, the foam properties and friction mechanism of nanocomposites is studied.
In alkalescence situation, there is a saponification hydrolysis reaction of EVA and free hydroxy can be created. The reaction condition was optimized and the products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The structure character was analyzed. Sequence structure of the saponified EVA was studied by C-NMR. There were three sequence structures of free hydroxy of EVAL. Polyurethane prepolymer (PU prepolymer) was produced with Diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI) and Polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG). The PU prepolymer was terminated with -NCO. The structure of PU prepolymer was characterized by FT-IR and the effect of reaction time and reaction temperature and moisture content on properties of PU prepolymer were analyzed. Dynamics equation of PU prepolymer was explored. FT-IR suggested that PU prepolymer was terminted by -NCO.
A new type of graft copolymer EVA-g-PU was synthesized via melt grafting reaction. FTIR and ~(13)C-NMR testing showed that the PU prepolymer was grafted on EVA main chains successfully. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of EVA-g-PU were far superior to pure EVA. The enhanced storage modulus of EVA-g-PU was characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The enhanced degree in the storage modulus of EVA-g-PU increased with the increase of PU prepolymer content. The thermal stabilities of EVA-g-PU were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods. Combining the analysis of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), it can be knew that the distributing state of OMMT was intercalated in composites prepared by the method of one step and the distributing state of OMMT was exploited in composites prepared by the method of two steps. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared by method of two steps were superior to the nanocomposites prepared by method of one step. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and Tear strength of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were far superior to pure EVA. When the mass fraction of OMMT was 3%, mechanics properties of nanocomposites were the best. The storage modulus of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Along with the increase of OMMT content, the storage modulus of nanocomposites was increased and the Tanδwas decreasing. The thermal stabilities of nanocomposites were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stabilities of nanocomposites were more superior to pure EVA.
EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were prepared by the method of melt blend with SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) and EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites prepared by method two steps. Through the study of mechanical and friction properties of nanocomposites, we knew when the mass fraction of OMMT and SBR were 3% and 15%, mechanics and friction properties of nanocomposites were the best.
EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were applied to foam experiment. Through the optimized experiment of vesicant content and crosshnking agent content and foam temperature and foam time, the optimized techniques of EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were: vesicant content of AC was 6%, crosshnking agent of DCP was 0.7%, foam time was 15 min, foam temperature was 130℃, and foam pressure was 10MPa. The foams made by EVA-g-PU/OMMT/SBR nanocomposites were applied in Jihua 3515 leather & leather shoes Co., Ltd and were recognized by the company.
引文
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