基于ARM9的嵌入式检测系统控制平台设计
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摘要
检测系统是现代工业中常用的设备，本文在深入研究嵌入式系统的基础上，进行基于ARM9的嵌入式检测系统控制平台设计，充分利用ARM9芯片内部集成的丰富资源与嵌入式设备体积小、成本低、易集成的特点，将该平台与检测系统相结合，以此来实现对检测系统的控制及数据的采集。该平台主要包括硬件电路设计、引导程序U-boot的移植、Linux操作系统的裁剪与移植以及嵌入式文件系统的建立，并进行了部分单元功能测试和性能分析。
首先，在分析国内外研究状况和深入了解ARM嵌入式系统的基础上，进行嵌入式控制平台总体设计。根据低功耗、高性能、易携带等性能要求确立平台的核心处理器和软件系统。处理器芯片采用三星公司基于ARM920T内核的S3C2410，操作系统采用源码开放、内核可裁剪的Linux。其次是硬件电路的设计，包括处理器和外围电路设计，充分利用处理器芯片集成的丰富内部资源，并引出多个外围设备接口，方便进行二次开发和使用。然后，针对控制平台硬件配置进行软件设计，分析了Linux内核移植要点并给出移植的详细流程，完成了引导加载程序U-boot和Linux2.6内核代码的裁剪、配置、编译和移植，并利用Busybox工具进行根文件系统及Cramfs文件系统的创建和移植。
硬件和软件的设计完成后，搭建了基于该平台的图像采集系统，通过开发符合V4L标准的USB摄像头驱动程序，编写压缩和存储函数接口，实现了图像的采集、显示和数据存储，并对该控制平台进行部分功能测试和性能分析。测试结果表明，软硬件都可以正常工作，达到了预期的设计要求。
Detection system is widely used in modern industry, this paper designed a controlplatform for embedded detection system based on ARM9 after deeply studying of embeddedsystem. In order to manipulate the detection system and realize data collection, the richresources integrated inside ARM9 chip and advantages of embedded equipments, such assmall size, low cost and easy to integrate, were fully utilized. The platform mainly includeddesign of hardware circuit, transplantation of U-boot, cutting and transplantation of Linux andestablishment of embedded file system. After that, partial function tests and performanceanalysis were completed.
First of all, overall designe of embedded control platform was made on the analysis ofdomestic and foreign research situation and further study of ARM embedded system. Thecore processor and software system of platform were established by the requirements of lowpower consumption, high performance and easy to carry. Samsung’s S3C2410 chip wasselected as core processor, which used ARM920T as kernel. And open-source Linux wasselected as operating system. Secondly, hardware circuit including processor and peripheralcircuit was designed, which was rich in internal resources. And peripheral device interfaceswere drew out for secondary development. Thirdly, software was designed according to theconfiguration of hardware, transplantation points of Linux kernel was analyzed and detailedtransplant procedure was gave out. Meanwhile，clipping, configuration, compiling andtransplantation of U-boot and Linux2.6 kernel were completed. Finally root and Cramfs filesystem were created by Busybox tools.
After designs of hardware and software, an image acquisition system based on theplatform was set up. Image collection, display and data storage were realized through thedevelopment of USB camera driver conforming to V4L, compression and storage interfacefunction. Finally, partial function tests and performance analysis were completed. The results showed that hardware and software can work normally and the designe has achieved expectedperformance requirements.
首先，在分析国内外研究状况和深入了解ARM嵌入式系统的基础上，进行嵌入式控制平台总体设计。根据低功耗、高性能、易携带等性能要求确立平台的核心处理器和软件系统。处理器芯片采用三星公司基于ARM920T内核的S3C2410，操作系统采用源码开放、内核可裁剪的Linux。其次是硬件电路的设计，包括处理器和外围电路设计，充分利用处理器芯片集成的丰富内部资源，并引出多个外围设备接口，方便进行二次开发和使用。然后，针对控制平台硬件配置进行软件设计，分析了Linux内核移植要点并给出移植的详细流程，完成了引导加载程序U-boot和Linux2.6内核代码的裁剪、配置、编译和移植，并利用Busybox工具进行根文件系统及Cramfs文件系统的创建和移植。
硬件和软件的设计完成后，搭建了基于该平台的图像采集系统，通过开发符合V4L标准的USB摄像头驱动程序，编写压缩和存储函数接口，实现了图像的采集、显示和数据存储，并对该控制平台进行部分功能测试和性能分析。测试结果表明，软硬件都可以正常工作，达到了预期的设计要求。
Detection system is widely used in modern industry, this paper designed a controlplatform for embedded detection system based on ARM9 after deeply studying of embeddedsystem. In order to manipulate the detection system and realize data collection, the richresources integrated inside ARM9 chip and advantages of embedded equipments, such assmall size, low cost and easy to integrate, were fully utilized. The platform mainly includeddesign of hardware circuit, transplantation of U-boot, cutting and transplantation of Linux andestablishment of embedded file system. After that, partial function tests and performanceanalysis were completed.
First of all, overall designe of embedded control platform was made on the analysis ofdomestic and foreign research situation and further study of ARM embedded system. Thecore processor and software system of platform were established by the requirements of lowpower consumption, high performance and easy to carry. Samsung’s S3C2410 chip wasselected as core processor, which used ARM920T as kernel. And open-source Linux wasselected as operating system. Secondly, hardware circuit including processor and peripheralcircuit was designed, which was rich in internal resources. And peripheral device interfaceswere drew out for secondary development. Thirdly, software was designed according to theconfiguration of hardware, transplantation points of Linux kernel was analyzed and detailedtransplant procedure was gave out. Meanwhile，clipping, configuration, compiling andtransplantation of U-boot and Linux2.6 kernel were completed. Finally root and Cramfs filesystem were created by Busybox tools.
After designs of hardware and software, an image acquisition system based on theplatform was set up. Image collection, display and data storage were realized through thedevelopment of USB camera driver conforming to V4L, compression and storage interfacefunction. Finally, partial function tests and performance analysis were completed. The results showed that hardware and software can work normally and the designe has achieved expectedperformance requirements.
引文
[1]王卓,包杰.嵌入式Linux系统及其应用前景[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,(4):80-83
[2] Andrew N.Sloss,Dominic Symes,and Chris Wright.ARM System Developer’s Guide[J].Elsevier,2004:690-692
[3]蔡燕琴.数控系统的发展方向[J].机械制造与自动化,2006(1):9-12
[4]陈贵银,唐晓琦.开放式数控系统的探讨[J].国外建材科技,2001(8):91-94
[5]王成,刘金刚.基于Linux的嵌入式操作系统研究现状及发展展望[J].微型机与应用,2004,(5):4-6
[6]魏庆福,郑文波.嵌入式系统技术发展和我们的机遇[J].自动化博览,2006,(4):5-6
[7] David Seal.ARM Architecture Reference Manual[M].Published by Pearson EducationLimited(Addsion-Wesley):196-201
[8] Frank Vahid,Tony Givargis.Embedded System Design:A Unified Hardware/SoftwareApproach[D].Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of California.2009,10
[9]陈正清,郑琪.计算机嵌入式技术领域[J].计算机应用,2009,(7):34-37
[10]金敏.嵌入式的系统组成原理与设计编程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006:70-75
[11]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[12]王智.基于ARM的嵌入式测控硬件平台设计[D].太原:中北大学,2009
[13]姜峰.基于ARM内核嵌入式系统的小型超声肿瘤热疗仪器研制[D].上海:上海交通大学，2004
[14]吴云开.嵌入式智能运动控制器的应用与研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008
[15] C.Jaggar.Embedded Linux-Hardware,Software,and Interfaces[M].Pearson Education,2002:7-9
[16]欧青立,曾照福,徐光远,沈洪远.嵌入式系统的架构与发展[J].实验室研究与探索.2007,(4):57-58
[17]周彩宝,刘应学.ARM体系以及AMBA总线分析[J].计算机工程,2003,(5):47-48
[18]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008:7-9
[19] N.Matloff.Example of RISCArchitecture:MIPS[M].University of California,2006:8-9
[20] P.S.Mane,I.Gupta,M.K.Vasantha.Implementation of RISC Processor on FPGA.IEEEInternational Conference on Industrial Technology,Mumbai,India,2006:2096-2097
[21]洪源.嵌入式系统及其在ARM中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2007,(32):27-29
[22]张晶,曾宪云,嵌入式系统概述[J].电测与仪表,2002,39(4):42-43
[23]沈沙,苏佳宁,田骏骅等.uClinux操作系统在嵌入式SOC平台上的移植[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,26:104-105
[24] Mark Mitchell,Jeffrey Oldham,Alex Samuel.Advanced Linux Programming[M],NewRiders Publishing.2001
[25] Klaus Wehrle,Frank Pahlke,Hartmut Ritter,Daniel Muller,Marc Bechler.The LinuxNetworking Architecture:Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in LinuxKernel[J].Prentice Hall,2004,8:147-161.
[26] Steve Furber著.田泽,于敦山,盛世敏译.ARM SOC体系结构[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[27]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001
[28]周维虎,石良臣,何嘉扬. ARM嵌入式系统设计与开发指南[M].北京:中国电力出社.2009:6-11
[29] Barr Michael,Antbony Massa.Programming Embedded Systems[M].南京:东南大学出版社.2007
[30] I.M.Costa,E.Cagni.Implementing Intelligent Functionality into Embedded System[J].32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics,Paris,2006:112~115
[31] Samsung Semconductor.K9F1208 Nand Flash Memory Developer’s Manual.SamsungCorp.2003
[32] Nicolas Fournel,Antoine Fraboulet,Paul Feautrier.Booting and Porting Linux on a newplatform[J].Research Report, Pages 206-2008
[33]郝卫东.基于Norflash的Bootloader设计与实现[J].电子技术,2007,18(2): 38-40
[34]肖永生.基于ARM的嵌入式开发平台设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008
[35]季筱璐,叶梅,朱科军等.基于VME总线的嵌入式Linux应用研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2010,(3):80-83
[36]曹立强.嵌入式Linux系统上EPA协议的研究与实现[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009
[37]姜文博.基于嵌入式Linux的数字家庭安防图像采集系统[D].上海海事大学,2007
[38]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[39]刘磊,张凤荔,秦志光.基于U-boot构建嵌入式Linux的Bootloader[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):238-240
[40]宋国军,张侃谕,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-boot基本特点及其移植方法[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):78-81
[41] Scott Maxwell.Linux内核源代码分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010
[42]毛德操,胡希明.Linux内核源代码情景分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.2010
[43]陈莉君.Linux操作系统内核分析[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2011
[44]刘永林,梁莹,王诗琴等.基于Linux的嵌入式交叉编译环境的建及实现[J].电脑开发与应用,2011,24(07):68-70
[45]彭晓曦.嵌入式Linux下文件系统的研究与实现[D].成都:电子科技人学,2007
[46]黄维.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux平台的研究与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008
[47]孟庆昌.Linux基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2009.10:187-188
[48]冯世奎,刘灼.Linux嵌入式系统根文件系统的选择与制作[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2006,21(4):508-51
[2] Andrew N.Sloss,Dominic Symes,and Chris Wright.ARM System Developer’s Guide[J].Elsevier,2004:690-692
[3]蔡燕琴.数控系统的发展方向[J].机械制造与自动化,2006(1):9-12
[4]陈贵银,唐晓琦.开放式数控系统的探讨[J].国外建材科技,2001(8):91-94
[5]王成,刘金刚.基于Linux的嵌入式操作系统研究现状及发展展望[J].微型机与应用,2004,(5):4-6
[6]魏庆福,郑文波.嵌入式系统技术发展和我们的机遇[J].自动化博览,2006,(4):5-6
[7] David Seal.ARM Architecture Reference Manual[M].Published by Pearson EducationLimited(Addsion-Wesley):196-201
[8] Frank Vahid,Tony Givargis.Embedded System Design:A Unified Hardware/SoftwareApproach[D].Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of California.2009,10
[9]陈正清,郑琪.计算机嵌入式技术领域[J].计算机应用,2009,(7):34-37
[10]金敏.嵌入式的系统组成原理与设计编程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006:70-75
[11]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[12]王智.基于ARM的嵌入式测控硬件平台设计[D].太原:中北大学,2009
[13]姜峰.基于ARM内核嵌入式系统的小型超声肿瘤热疗仪器研制[D].上海:上海交通大学，2004
[14]吴云开.嵌入式智能运动控制器的应用与研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008
[15] C.Jaggar.Embedded Linux-Hardware,Software,and Interfaces[M].Pearson Education,2002:7-9
[16]欧青立,曾照福,徐光远,沈洪远.嵌入式系统的架构与发展[J].实验室研究与探索.2007,(4):57-58
[17]周彩宝,刘应学.ARM体系以及AMBA总线分析[J].计算机工程,2003,(5):47-48
[18]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008:7-9
[19] N.Matloff.Example of RISCArchitecture:MIPS[M].University of California,2006:8-9
[20] P.S.Mane,I.Gupta,M.K.Vasantha.Implementation of RISC Processor on FPGA.IEEEInternational Conference on Industrial Technology,Mumbai,India,2006:2096-2097
[21]洪源.嵌入式系统及其在ARM中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2007,(32):27-29
[22]张晶,曾宪云,嵌入式系统概述[J].电测与仪表,2002,39(4):42-43
[23]沈沙,苏佳宁,田骏骅等.uClinux操作系统在嵌入式SOC平台上的移植[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,26:104-105
[24] Mark Mitchell,Jeffrey Oldham,Alex Samuel.Advanced Linux Programming[M],NewRiders Publishing.2001
[25] Klaus Wehrle,Frank Pahlke,Hartmut Ritter,Daniel Muller,Marc Bechler.The LinuxNetworking Architecture:Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in LinuxKernel[J].Prentice Hall,2004,8:147-161.
[26] Steve Furber著.田泽,于敦山,盛世敏译.ARM SOC体系结构[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[27]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001
[28]周维虎,石良臣,何嘉扬. ARM嵌入式系统设计与开发指南[M].北京:中国电力出社.2009:6-11
[29] Barr Michael,Antbony Massa.Programming Embedded Systems[M].南京:东南大学出版社.2007
[30] I.M.Costa,E.Cagni.Implementing Intelligent Functionality into Embedded System[J].32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics,Paris,2006:112~115
[31] Samsung Semconductor.K9F1208 Nand Flash Memory Developer’s Manual.SamsungCorp.2003
[32] Nicolas Fournel,Antoine Fraboulet,Paul Feautrier.Booting and Porting Linux on a newplatform[J].Research Report, Pages 206-2008
[33]郝卫东.基于Norflash的Bootloader设计与实现[J].电子技术,2007,18(2): 38-40
[34]肖永生.基于ARM的嵌入式开发平台设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008
[35]季筱璐,叶梅,朱科军等.基于VME总线的嵌入式Linux应用研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2010,(3):80-83
[36]曹立强.嵌入式Linux系统上EPA协议的研究与实现[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009
[37]姜文博.基于嵌入式Linux的数字家庭安防图像采集系统[D].上海海事大学,2007
[38]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[39]刘磊,张凤荔,秦志光.基于U-boot构建嵌入式Linux的Bootloader[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):238-240
[40]宋国军,张侃谕,林学龙.嵌入式系统中U-boot基本特点及其移植方法[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):78-81
[41] Scott Maxwell.Linux内核源代码分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010
[42]毛德操,胡希明.Linux内核源代码情景分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.2010
[43]陈莉君.Linux操作系统内核分析[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2011
[44]刘永林,梁莹,王诗琴等.基于Linux的嵌入式交叉编译环境的建及实现[J].电脑开发与应用,2011,24(07):68-70
[45]彭晓曦.嵌入式Linux下文件系统的研究与实现[D].成都:电子科技人学,2007
[46]黄维.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux平台的研究与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008
[47]孟庆昌.Linux基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2009.10:187-188
[48]冯世奎,刘灼.Linux嵌入式系统根文件系统的选择与制作[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2006,21(4):508-51