中国古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能与形式研究
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摘要
本文研究的主要目的是以全新的视觉角度—雕塑艺术，来研究中国古代建筑装饰雕塑从功能到形式的变化及两者间的关系。本文将古代建筑装饰雕塑中的传统元素与现代建筑相结合，以其鲜明的时代气息给我们的现代建筑和雕塑艺术的发展带来无尽启示。
首先，阐述了中国古代建筑和装饰雕塑的概念和分类。中国古代建筑具有鲜明的特色，是区别于其他建筑而独立形成的完整体系。而装饰雕塑在我国古代建筑中占有不可或缺的重要地位，是构成极具民族特色的中华建筑模式的重要部分。因此，对其概念和分类的研究是本课题的理论基础。
其次，对古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能、形式及两者关系进行了细致的研究和分类。古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能是多样的，涵盖结构、符号、寓意等物质与精神上的功能，它既是实用功能和审美功能的统一，又是科学技术和艺术的统一。在形式上以建筑构件向装饰雕塑转变的原因为分类标准，将形式分为四类进行研究，并透过其丰富多彩的形式、题材以及成因，领略到不同的文化、风俗和环境所塑造的不同人文景象，为建筑和雕塑艺术的推陈出新和在继承中创新做出了有益的探索和实践。
最后，从古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能和形式的关系入手，重新审视古代建筑与现代建筑的契合点，得出在运用古建筑上装饰雕塑这一传统元素，来塑造具有地域性、本土性的现代建筑的方法。将此方法运用到实际案例中进行分析，提出切实可行的改进建议和总结，并对未来中国建筑与雕塑艺术的发展予以展望。
The main purpose of this paper is from a new visual angle-the sculpture art, tostudy Chinese ancient architecture decoration sculpture from function to form change andthe relationship between the two. The article is the combination of the ancient buildingdecoration sculpture in the traditional elements and modern architecture, with itsdistinctive flavor to give our modern construction and the development of sculpture artendless inspiration.
First, elaborated the Chinese ancient architectural and decorative sculpture conceptand classification. Chinese ancient architecture has distinct characteristics, is differentfrom other construction form a complete and independent system. And decorativesculpture in ancient architecture of our country occupies an indispensable position, is animportant part of a strong ethnic characteristics of the Chinese architectural pattern.Therefore, the concept and classification of research is the basis of theoretic.
Secondly, makes a detailed study and classification of the ancient architecturesculpture decorative function, form and the relationship of them. Ancient architecturesculpture decorative function is diverse, covering structure, symbol, meaning the materialand spiritual function, It is both practical and aesthetic function uniform, science andtechnology and artistic uniform. In the form of building components to the decorativesculpture shift causes for classification criteria, will form into four categories of research,and through its rich and colorful form, theme and cause of formation, taste of differentculture, customs and environment shape the different scenery, Bring forth the new throughthe old and innovate in accede and made useful exploration and practice for thearchitecture and sculpture art.
Finally, from the ancient decorative architectural sculpture and the functional form ofthe relationship, Review of ancient and modern architecture fit, drawn in the use ofancient building decorative sculpture of the traditional elements, to shape with regional,local modern architecture method. Applying this method to actual case analysis, putforward the feasible suggestions for improvement and summarized, and the future ofChinese architecture and sculpture art development prospected.
首先，阐述了中国古代建筑和装饰雕塑的概念和分类。中国古代建筑具有鲜明的特色，是区别于其他建筑而独立形成的完整体系。而装饰雕塑在我国古代建筑中占有不可或缺的重要地位，是构成极具民族特色的中华建筑模式的重要部分。因此，对其概念和分类的研究是本课题的理论基础。
其次，对古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能、形式及两者关系进行了细致的研究和分类。古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能是多样的，涵盖结构、符号、寓意等物质与精神上的功能，它既是实用功能和审美功能的统一，又是科学技术和艺术的统一。在形式上以建筑构件向装饰雕塑转变的原因为分类标准，将形式分为四类进行研究，并透过其丰富多彩的形式、题材以及成因，领略到不同的文化、风俗和环境所塑造的不同人文景象，为建筑和雕塑艺术的推陈出新和在继承中创新做出了有益的探索和实践。
最后，从古代建筑装饰雕塑的功能和形式的关系入手，重新审视古代建筑与现代建筑的契合点，得出在运用古建筑上装饰雕塑这一传统元素，来塑造具有地域性、本土性的现代建筑的方法。将此方法运用到实际案例中进行分析，提出切实可行的改进建议和总结，并对未来中国建筑与雕塑艺术的发展予以展望。
The main purpose of this paper is from a new visual angle-the sculpture art, tostudy Chinese ancient architecture decoration sculpture from function to form change andthe relationship between the two. The article is the combination of the ancient buildingdecoration sculpture in the traditional elements and modern architecture, with itsdistinctive flavor to give our modern construction and the development of sculpture artendless inspiration.
First, elaborated the Chinese ancient architectural and decorative sculpture conceptand classification. Chinese ancient architecture has distinct characteristics, is differentfrom other construction form a complete and independent system. And decorativesculpture in ancient architecture of our country occupies an indispensable position, is animportant part of a strong ethnic characteristics of the Chinese architectural pattern.Therefore, the concept and classification of research is the basis of theoretic.
Secondly, makes a detailed study and classification of the ancient architecturesculpture decorative function, form and the relationship of them. Ancient architecturesculpture decorative function is diverse, covering structure, symbol, meaning the materialand spiritual function, It is both practical and aesthetic function uniform, science andtechnology and artistic uniform. In the form of building components to the decorativesculpture shift causes for classification criteria, will form into four categories of research,and through its rich and colorful form, theme and cause of formation, taste of differentculture, customs and environment shape the different scenery, Bring forth the new throughthe old and innovate in accede and made useful exploration and practice for thearchitecture and sculpture art.
Finally, from the ancient decorative architectural sculpture and the functional form ofthe relationship, Review of ancient and modern architecture fit, drawn in the use ofancient building decorative sculpture of the traditional elements, to shape with regional,local modern architecture method. Applying this method to actual case analysis, putforward the feasible suggestions for improvement and summarized, and the future ofChinese architecture and sculpture art development prospected.
引文
[1]孙冀东，姜文博.中国古代建筑装饰雕塑的形式与功能分析[J].河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）.2010（1）
[2]田自秉.中国工艺美术史[M].上海:上海知识出版社,1985.
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[5]刘竞.图腾艺术与现代装饰图案艺术[J].魅力中国,2010(8):284.
[6]王晓峰.中国古代雕塑艺术特点概说[J].美术大观,2006(6):102-103.
[7]古建筑的概念与分类[EB/OL]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4debf8bf0100btam.Html,2009
[8]梁思成.中国古代建筑史六稿绪论[EB/OL]. http://www.docin.com/p-72596537.html
[9]百度百科.影壁[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/142469.htm
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[12]周尚喜.浅谈建筑装饰功能[J].今日南国,2010(10)
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[14]张绍红.永恒的美[D].陕西师范大学硕士论文,2008(5)
[15]陈静.传统建筑细部装饰在现代设计中的运用[J].江南大学学报(人文社会科学版）,2008(12)
[16]过莎.中国古代雕塑的造型特征[J].艺术与设计(理论),2008(01)
[17]刘畅.恩施菊花石雕刻的审美意义[J].美与时代,2005(10)
[18]王斌.中国古代信息图表设计研究[D].北京服装学院硕士论文,2009(12)
[19]葛盛.建筑装饰探讨[J].山西建筑,2007(01)
[20]尼跃红.建筑装饰的意义[J].装饰,2001(04)
[21]周林楠.门装饰中的等级制度[J].艺术教育,2007(03)
[22]廖玉婷.符号——凝结人类智慧的形式——析卡西尔的艺术观[J].凯里学院学报,2008(08)
[23]姜松荣.中国传统社会设计伦理的历史考察[J].伦理学研究,2009(11)
[24]庄雪芳,刘虹.中国古代建筑等级制度初探[J].大众科技,2005(04)
[25]翟辅东.论民居文化的区域性因素——民居文化地理研究之一[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,1994(08)
[26]武燕妮.绘画中的色彩[D].西安美术学院硕士论文,2007(05)
[27]黄雷;贾珊.上海世博会中国馆的建筑评论与欣赏[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011(03)
[28]张洽.从传统建筑美学的角度阐述世博会中国馆的设计[J].艺术评论,2010(11)
[29]黄超英.现代建筑师的雕塑情结[J].工程与建设,2006(02)
[30]张鹏.浅谈当代建筑美学[J].山西建筑,2008(11)
[31]李有芳.当代中国建筑美学思潮[D].天津大学硕士论文,2007(05)
[32]税渝.李向北.当代建筑设计中的轮回和再生[J].才智,2008(03)
[33]岳俊峰.胡望社.建筑创作的文化观[J].建筑知识,2004(09)
[34]白艺佳.传统元素在时代建筑精神传承中的应用[J].山西建筑2009(02)
[35]韩永红.浅谈建筑设计的灵感来源[J].美术大观,2008(09)
[36]殷亚静.李冬.斗拱的演变及中国古代建筑形式探微[J].中国建筑装饰装修2010(05)
[37]赵丛苍.古瓦纵横第一讲综说[J].收藏界2001(01)
[38]Liang Ssu-Ch'eng,Wilma Fairbank, Chinese Architecture: A Pictorial History[M]. DOVER PUBNINC,2005(03)
[39]Ronald G. Knapp,Chinese Houses of Southeast Asia: The Eclectic Architecture of Sojourners andSettlers Gungwu[M].TUTTLE PUB,2010(10)
[40]Dr.EvelynLip,FengShui in Chinese Architecture[M].Marshall Cavendish Corporation,2009(09)
[41]ZhuWen,Chinese Motifs of Good Fortune:DiscoveringChina[M].SHANGHAI BOOK S,2011(03)
[42] Sharon Leece,China Style[M].Periplus Editions/Berkeley Books Pte Ltd,2005(09)
[43]Ronald G. Knapp, Peter Bol,A. Chester Ong,Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture from China'sPast[M].Tuttle Publishing,2008(07)
[2]田自秉.中国工艺美术史[M].上海:上海知识出版社,1985.
[3]斗拱:最具特色的建筑构件[EB/OL].[2010-06-21]2009/0427/article_46.html.
[4]庞进.北京奥运:龙柱高耸的意义[EB/OL].[2008-08-09]. http: www. Dougong.Net/news.asp? id=241.
[5]刘竞.图腾艺术与现代装饰图案艺术[J].魅力中国,2010(8):284.
[6]王晓峰.中国古代雕塑艺术特点概说[J].美术大观,2006(6):102-103.
[7]古建筑的概念与分类[EB/OL]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4debf8bf0100btam.Html,2009
[8]梁思成.中国古代建筑史六稿绪论[EB/OL]. http://www.docin.com/p-72596537.html
[9]百度百科.影壁[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/142469.htm
[10]百度百科.中国古代建筑等级制度[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1008730.htm,2010
[11]何镜堂.何镜堂解析中国馆设计方案[EB/OL].中国山东网http：//news.sdchina.
[12]周尚喜.浅谈建筑装饰功能[J].今日南国,2010(10)
[13]姚君洲.徐州两汉文化视觉设计元素初探[D].江南大学硕士论文,2008(6)
[14]张绍红.永恒的美[D].陕西师范大学硕士论文,2008(5)
[15]陈静.传统建筑细部装饰在现代设计中的运用[J].江南大学学报(人文社会科学版）,2008(12)
[16]过莎.中国古代雕塑的造型特征[J].艺术与设计(理论),2008(01)
[17]刘畅.恩施菊花石雕刻的审美意义[J].美与时代,2005(10)
[18]王斌.中国古代信息图表设计研究[D].北京服装学院硕士论文,2009(12)
[19]葛盛.建筑装饰探讨[J].山西建筑,2007(01)
[20]尼跃红.建筑装饰的意义[J].装饰,2001(04)
[21]周林楠.门装饰中的等级制度[J].艺术教育,2007(03)
[22]廖玉婷.符号——凝结人类智慧的形式——析卡西尔的艺术观[J].凯里学院学报,2008(08)
[23]姜松荣.中国传统社会设计伦理的历史考察[J].伦理学研究,2009(11)
[24]庄雪芳,刘虹.中国古代建筑等级制度初探[J].大众科技,2005(04)
[25]翟辅东.论民居文化的区域性因素——民居文化地理研究之一[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,1994(08)
[26]武燕妮.绘画中的色彩[D].西安美术学院硕士论文,2007(05)
[27]黄雷;贾珊.上海世博会中国馆的建筑评论与欣赏[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011(03)
[28]张洽.从传统建筑美学的角度阐述世博会中国馆的设计[J].艺术评论,2010(11)
[29]黄超英.现代建筑师的雕塑情结[J].工程与建设,2006(02)
[30]张鹏.浅谈当代建筑美学[J].山西建筑,2008(11)
[31]李有芳.当代中国建筑美学思潮[D].天津大学硕士论文,2007(05)
[32]税渝.李向北.当代建筑设计中的轮回和再生[J].才智,2008(03)
[33]岳俊峰.胡望社.建筑创作的文化观[J].建筑知识,2004(09)
[34]白艺佳.传统元素在时代建筑精神传承中的应用[J].山西建筑2009(02)
[35]韩永红.浅谈建筑设计的灵感来源[J].美术大观,2008(09)
[36]殷亚静.李冬.斗拱的演变及中国古代建筑形式探微[J].中国建筑装饰装修2010(05)
[37]赵丛苍.古瓦纵横第一讲综说[J].收藏界2001(01)
[38]Liang Ssu-Ch'eng,Wilma Fairbank, Chinese Architecture: A Pictorial History[M]. DOVER PUBNINC,2005(03)
[39]Ronald G. Knapp,Chinese Houses of Southeast Asia: The Eclectic Architecture of Sojourners andSettlers Gungwu[M].TUTTLE PUB,2010(10)
[40]Dr.EvelynLip,FengShui in Chinese Architecture[M].Marshall Cavendish Corporation,2009(09)
[41]ZhuWen,Chinese Motifs of Good Fortune:DiscoveringChina[M].SHANGHAI BOOK S,2011(03)
[42] Sharon Leece,China Style[M].Periplus Editions/Berkeley Books Pte Ltd,2005(09)
[43]Ronald G. Knapp, Peter Bol,A. Chester Ong,Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture from China'sPast[M].Tuttle Publishing,2008(07)