示波测定新方法的研究
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摘要
(摘 要)
    
     示波测定就是利用阴极射线示波器上示波图的变化或切口深度、峰高进行微量乃至于痕量物质直接或间接测定的方法。该法具有简单、方便、快速、经济、不需要通氮除氧和适于例行分析和过程分析等优点,在环境、医药和冶金等领域有广阔的应用前景。为了提高示波分析的灵敏度,将无示波活性的物质转化为有示波活性的物质,从而进一步扩大示波分析应用范围,本论文主要开展药物的直接和间接示波测定新方法的研究。全文共分四章,作者的贡献主要有以下四点:
    1.分别根据四苯硼钠可与有机胺起反应生成微溶化合物而使四苯硼钠在示波图阴极支上的切口变浅和苯巴比妥与Cd2+发生沉淀反应使Cd2+ 示波图阴极支上的切口加深的示波特性建立了可可碱和苯巴比妥的间接二次微分简易示波伏安测定法。实验结果表明:对于一些在示波测定中灵敏度不高或本身没有示波活性的药物,可以利用其与沉淀剂生成沉淀的方法间接测定,从而提高药物测定的灵敏度、拓宽示波分析应用领域。与重量分析法和滴定法相比较,可可碱和苯巴比妥的示波测定法具有快速,简便,沉淀可以不经过滤直接检测,从而避免了因过滤损失带来的误差等优点。
    2.作者发现1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚可在NaOH底液中产生灵敏切口且其深度随Co2+加入量增加而线性降低;在0.1mol/L KBr 溶液中,茜素红S能产生灵敏的切口且随Zn2+加入量增加而变浅,同时产生一个深度增加的ARS- Zn切口;在pH=4.4的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,高铁试剂能产生较灵敏的切口,且随Fe3+浓度增加切口深度降低。根据以上示波特性,分别建立了维生素B12、葡萄糖酸锌片中锌和右旋糖肝铁针剂中铁的二次微分简易示波伏安测定法。实验结果表明:利用配合物体系不仅可以使Co2+和Zn2+ 测定的灵敏度从10-5mol/L提高到10-7mol/L,而且可以使无示波活性的Fe3+得以测定。因此,配合物体系中的示波测定方法的研究是提高示波测定灵敏度、拓宽示波分析应用范围的重要途径。
    3.根据白藜芦醇在0.2 mol/L KOH介质中, 在示波图阴极支-0.45V(vs.SCE)处产生切口的示波特性,建立了白藜芦醇的二次微分简易示波伏安测定法。校正曲线的线性范围为2.0×10-6~5.0×10-5 mol/L,检出限为1×10-6 mol/L。对2.500×10-5 mol/L白藜芦醇进行六次测定的相对标准偏差为1.9%。用于葡萄酒中的白藜芦醇的测定结果表明该法具有仪器简单、操作简便、分析速度快等优点。
    4.青霉素V钾在pH=7 KH2PO4—Na2HPO4 缓冲溶液中能产生切口;而在NaOH底液中青霉素V钾与四苯硼钠能发生沉淀反应,且能使四苯硼钠在示波图上产生的切口变浅。据此建立了二次微分简易示波伏安法直接和间接测定青霉素V钾片剂中的青霉素V钾含量的新方法。直接法测定青霉素V钾的线性范围为2.0×10-5~2.0×10-4 mol/L,检出限为8×10-6 mol/L,对1.000×10-4 mol/L青霉素V钾8次测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%。间接法测定青霉素V钾的线性范围为2.6×10-6~3.5×10-5 mol/L,检出限为1 × 10-6 mol/L。对于1.400 × 10-5 mol/L 青霉素V钾8次测定的RSD为3.2%。
     作者在攻读硕士学位期间完成和发表论文8篇。
( Abstract )
    
    Oscillographic chronopotentiometric determination is a kind of direct or indirect determination method for microanalysis or trace analysis using the incision on dE/dt-E or peak height on multi-order differential curve on cathode ray oscillograph. The method has the advantages of simple, convenient, economic and no need of deoxygenating. In addition, the method can be applied to routine analysis and process analysis. Hence the method has extensive application foreground in environment, medicine, metallurgy and other fields. Its application range can be largely broadened by the improvement of the sensitivity of oscillographic determination, by the change of the non-oscillographic active substances to active substances and by other effort. Based on this, new methods of direct and indirect oscillographic determination are investigated in this thesis consisted by four chapters, and main contents are as follows:
    1.The incision depth of sodium tetraphenyiboron on the cathodic branch of oscillogram would be gotten shallow when the organic ammonium is added to the solution containing sodium tetraphenyiboron because the precipitation reaction is occurred between them. Similarly, the phenobarbital can react with Cd2+ and makes the incision of Cd2+ on the cathodic branch of oscillogram deepen. Based on these oscillographic characteristics, indirect determination method with second order differential simple oscillographic voltammetry of theobromine and phenobarbital can be found. The experimental results indicate that indirect determination method of deposition system would be used successfully when the direct determination of medicine is not so sensitive or the medicine has no oscillographic active. As a result, the sensitivity of the determination for the medicine can be improved significantly and the application field of oscillographic analysis is enlarged accordingly. Compared with gravimetric method and titration method, oscillographic determination of theobromine and phenobarbital has the advantage of rapid, simple and no need of filtering precipitation, so the error caused by filtering is avoided.
    2.There are three new experiment phenomena in oscillographic determination about coordination compound of Co2+ Zn2+ and Fe3+: First, PAN can cause a sensitive incision on the oscillogram in NaOH solution, and the incision depth would decrease linearly with the increase of the concentration of Co2+. Second, Alizarin red S (ARS) can yield a sharp incision in 0.1mol/L KBr, but the incision disappeared gradually and a new incision of ARS-Zn coordination compound appeared when Zn2+ is added to the solution. Last, 7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid can produce an incision that decreased along with the increase of the concentration of Fe3+. According to these oscillographic characteristics, second order differential simple oscillographic voltammetry of VB12, zinc gluconate and content of Fe are found. The experimental results showed that the application of coordination system not only can improve the sensitivity of the determination of Co2+ and Zn2+ from 10-5 mol/L to 10-7 mol/L, but also can make the non-oscillographic active substances, Fe3+, be determined. Thus, the investigation of oscillographic determination method in coordination system is an important approach of improving the sensitivity of oscillographic determination and enlarging the application range of oscillographic analysis.
    3.A new method of the determination for resveratrol, second order differential simple oscillographic voltammetry, is proposed based on the resveratrol oscillographic characteristic caused an incision on cathodic branch of oscillogram at -0.45V (vs. SCE) in 0.2mol/L KOH. The linear range and the detection limit is 2.0×10-6 mol/L~5.0×10-5 mol/L, and 1×10-6 mol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation for the six times determination for 2.500×10-5 mol/L resveratrol is 1.9%. The determination results showed that simple oscillographic voltammetry with second order differential is a convenient method for its c
引文
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