回转体机械零件图的自动识别及三维模型成型技术研究
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摘要
由于目前先进设计制造技术的需要,零件的三维模型的作用越来越重要,对于目前已存在的零件图纸,由工程图纸到三维模型的过程需要企业花费大量的人力去完成。机械零件图的自动识别及三维模型成型技术就是将机械零件工程图纸通过矢量化方法提取出有用图元特征,保存为计算机辅助设计制造软件能识别的通用矢量格式DXF,并在Pro/E二次开发的基础上快速准确地生成模型的过程。
本文主要研究回转体机械零件图的自动识别及三维成型技术,深入分析了现有矢量化技术及Pro/E二次开发技术发展情况,提出了基于Pro/TOOLKIT应用程序的工程图纸到零件三维模型成型的方法,首先通过二值化、综合形态学去噪、中值滤波、细化等方法得到图像中成型三维模型最重要的轮廓信息,利用Hough变换检测出线段及圆弧,在线段端点及长度的确定过程中结合π/2线,不仅提高了线段检测的运算速度,而且降低了碎线段发生的概率,识别图形的过程中表现出的良好鲁棒性及线段的正规性是后续的零件三维模型生成的良好基础,对圆弧的识别中应用了随机Hough变换,有效减少了程序运行的时间。系统还完成了对识别出的图形编辑修改及DXF文件的保存。
零件的三维模型成型主要利用了Pro/E三维软件的模型成型优势,对识别出的矢量文件打开实现回转体特征的成型,在零件细节特征上,本文制作了回转体零件的细节特征用户自定义特征库,使用的过程中选择不同特征放置于模型上即可,通过设定自定义特征的可变尺寸可实现不同尺寸特征的放置。
最后本文研究了基于Pro/TOOLKIT二次开发的参数化设计方法,以已存在的零件模型为样板,实现了不同零件的同一系统的参数化设计,可以很大程度地提高复杂零件的设计效率。
At present, because of the need of advanced designing and manufacturing technology, three-dimensional model of part play a more significant role. For existented engineer drawings, it’s a waste of energy for company to convert it to models directly. Research on automatically identifying of revolving parts’engineering drawing and forming of three-dimensional model is save engineer drawing in the format of DXF by vectorizing the drawing in order to identify useful feature and then form the three-dimensional model quicky and righty based on the secondry research of Pro/E.
In this paper, the research faces to revolving parts, offers the method of forming three-dimensional model from drawing based on Pro/TOOLKIT applications after analysed the development of vectorization and secondry research of Pro/E techniques thoroughly. The first process is processing the drawing image, including image binarizing, noise-reducing, smoothing, and thinning, in order to get the important outline of the part to form the model. And then detect the line, circle and arc by Hough transformation. In the process of fitting a line,π/2 line is used for the end point confirming, not only improved the speed of the motion, but also reduced the probability of fragmentary line. In the process of identifying, the strong robustness and normality is a good base for three-dimensional model’s forming. In the process of recognizing arc, Randomized Hough Transform is used, it can improve the speed of program. The system also include edit, modify and DXF file’s save of the drawing recognized.
Three-dimensional model’s forming takes advantage of Pro/E in forming, open the vector Files in Pro/E and form the model. For the details of feature, user-defined feature library is made in this paper. In the process of using, user can select the feature needed to put on the rovelving part. It can put feature in different dimension if alterable dimension is set in the user-defined feature founding.
At last, the parameterized design method based on the second research is researched. It uses an existing model as a sample plate, realized different parts’parameterized design in a same system. It’s a great help of the speed of complex parts’design.
本文主要研究回转体机械零件图的自动识别及三维成型技术,深入分析了现有矢量化技术及Pro/E二次开发技术发展情况,提出了基于Pro/TOOLKIT应用程序的工程图纸到零件三维模型成型的方法,首先通过二值化、综合形态学去噪、中值滤波、细化等方法得到图像中成型三维模型最重要的轮廓信息,利用Hough变换检测出线段及圆弧,在线段端点及长度的确定过程中结合π/2线,不仅提高了线段检测的运算速度,而且降低了碎线段发生的概率,识别图形的过程中表现出的良好鲁棒性及线段的正规性是后续的零件三维模型生成的良好基础,对圆弧的识别中应用了随机Hough变换,有效减少了程序运行的时间。系统还完成了对识别出的图形编辑修改及DXF文件的保存。
零件的三维模型成型主要利用了Pro/E三维软件的模型成型优势,对识别出的矢量文件打开实现回转体特征的成型,在零件细节特征上,本文制作了回转体零件的细节特征用户自定义特征库,使用的过程中选择不同特征放置于模型上即可,通过设定自定义特征的可变尺寸可实现不同尺寸特征的放置。
最后本文研究了基于Pro/TOOLKIT二次开发的参数化设计方法,以已存在的零件模型为样板,实现了不同零件的同一系统的参数化设计,可以很大程度地提高复杂零件的设计效率。
At present, because of the need of advanced designing and manufacturing technology, three-dimensional model of part play a more significant role. For existented engineer drawings, it’s a waste of energy for company to convert it to models directly. Research on automatically identifying of revolving parts’engineering drawing and forming of three-dimensional model is save engineer drawing in the format of DXF by vectorizing the drawing in order to identify useful feature and then form the three-dimensional model quicky and righty based on the secondry research of Pro/E.
In this paper, the research faces to revolving parts, offers the method of forming three-dimensional model from drawing based on Pro/TOOLKIT applications after analysed the development of vectorization and secondry research of Pro/E techniques thoroughly. The first process is processing the drawing image, including image binarizing, noise-reducing, smoothing, and thinning, in order to get the important outline of the part to form the model. And then detect the line, circle and arc by Hough transformation. In the process of fitting a line,π/2 line is used for the end point confirming, not only improved the speed of the motion, but also reduced the probability of fragmentary line. In the process of identifying, the strong robustness and normality is a good base for three-dimensional model’s forming. In the process of recognizing arc, Randomized Hough Transform is used, it can improve the speed of program. The system also include edit, modify and DXF file’s save of the drawing recognized.
Three-dimensional model’s forming takes advantage of Pro/E in forming, open the vector Files in Pro/E and form the model. For the details of feature, user-defined feature library is made in this paper. In the process of using, user can select the feature needed to put on the rovelving part. It can put feature in different dimension if alterable dimension is set in the user-defined feature founding.
At last, the parameterized design method based on the second research is researched. It uses an existing model as a sample plate, realized different parts’parameterized design in a same system. It’s a great help of the speed of complex parts’design.
引文
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[2]龚洁晖,张慧.基于工程图的三维重建研究.软件学报,2008,19(7):1794~1805.
[3]李四明.工程图纸输入与自动识别系统的研究,[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学,2000.
[4]张明君.基于位图的自动矢量化研究,[硕士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[5] Dori D, Tombre K. From engineering drawings to 3D CAD models: Are we ready now? Computer-Aided Design, 1995, 27(4): 243~254.
[6]Hubbard C, Kim YS.Geometric assistance for visual reasoning and construction of solids with curved surfaces from 2D orthographic views. Advances in Engineering Software, 2001, 32(1):21~35.
[7]韩东.三维重构中的匹配技术研究,[硕士论文].大连:大连理工大学.2006.
[8]秦斌杰,陈旭.医学图像三维可视化.航天医学与医学工程,2001,14(6):452~455.
[9]Masuda,H.Numao,M.A cell-based approach for generating solid objects from orthographic projections Computer-Aided Design 1997,29(3),177~187.
[10]Chen Z,Perng D. Automatic reconstruction of 3-D solid ojects 2-D orthographic views Pattern Recognition 1988, 21:439~449.
[11]You.C. and Yang.S Reconstruction of curvilinear manifold objects from orthographic views Computer & Graphics 1996,20(2),275~293
[12]Kim,C.Inoue,M;Nishihara,S .Heuristic understanding of three orthographic vilews Journa1 of Information Processing 1992,15(4),510~518.
[13]Watanabe T.Tashiro A.Fujii S. Estimation of three-dimensional objects from orthographic views with inconsistencies Computer & Graphics, 1995, 19(6), 815~829.
[14]Simon S.P.Shum,W,S,Iau,Matthew M,F.Yuen and K.M.Yu. Solid reconstruction from orthographic opaque views using incremental extrusion. Computer & Graphics, 1997, 21(6), 787~800.
[15]Jan Ganesant and Venkat Devarajan Intersecting features extraction from orthographic projections. Computer-Aided Design, 1998, 30(11), 863~873.
[16]X Xu and S Hinduja Recognition of rough machining features in 21/2D components. Computer-Aided Design, 1998, 30(7), 503~516.
[17]Byeong-Seok Shin and Yeong Gikl Shin. Fast 3D solid model reconstruction from orthographicviews. Computer-Aided Design, 1998, 30(1), 63~67.
[18]Chang-Hum Kim Beom-Soo Oh Woong-Soon Kim Atea-Based Reconstruction of 3D Curvilnear Objects from Two Orthographic Views Proceedings of CAD & Graphics'97 The international conference on CAD & CG 1997.
[19]陆国栋.基于工程语义的三维重建方法研究,[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,1999.
[20]Wang W, Grinstein GG. A survey of 3D solid reconstruction from 2D projection line drawings. Computer Graphics Forum, 1993, 12(2):137~158.
[21]Idesawa M. A system to generate a solid figure from three view. Bull. JSME., 1973,16:216~225.
[22]Markowsky G, Wesley MA. Fleshing out wireframes. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1980, 24(5):582~597.
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