弹道导弹中段目标识别研究
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摘要
如果将弹道导弹比作长空利剑,那么导弹防御系统就是遮盖在广袤国土之上的一面无形的盾牌。研究弹道导弹防御系统对于打破国际霸权主义、维护国家安全、维护发展局面的具有重要意义。
本文以弹道导弹防御系统研究为主要背景,着重讨论了目标的雷达散射截面积(RCS)、散射中心和目标高分辨率一维距离像(HRRP)这几个方面的问题,并对影响目标RCS和HRRP的主要因素做了仿真分析。
首先阐述了课题研究的目的和意义,总结了国内外的研究现状。说明了研究弹道导弹防御系统的必要性和紧迫性。总结了弹道导弹的参数、飞行阶段、突防手段以及根据导弹的运动特征,守方所能提取的特征,弹道中段的识别方法。
给出了RCS的定义,总结了预测和计算的方法。讨论了影响RCS的主要因素,并对雷达波频率和雷达视角对RCS的影响做了仿真。从散射中心的概念入手,以锥体目标为例,分析了几类散射中心对一维距离像的贡献。给出了多散射中心的距离像模型,并以步进频率波形为例,讨论了HRRP的距离模糊现象、平移(速度)敏感性和姿态敏感性,给出了仿真结果。
If ballistic missiles is the sky sword, missile defense system is the invisible shield covered on top of vast landmass.
Research on ballistic missile defense system is of great significance. It's important to break the international hegemonism, safeguard national security, and maintain the peaceful of the situation.
In this thesis, we set the ballistic missile defense system as the main background, focused on the target's radar cross section (RCS), the scattering centers and target high-resolution range profile (HRRP), and analysis the main factors of the target RCS and HRRP. Some simulation results are given.
Firstly, we describe the purpose and significance of the research, summarizes the research status at home and abroad. We illustrate the necessity and urgency of the ballistic missile defense system, summarize the parameters of the ballistic missile, flight phases, penetration means of the attacking side, and according to the motion characteristics of the missile, the characteristics of ballistic and the identification method of midcourse for the defending side.
Secondly, given the definition of RCS and summarizes the forecasts and the method of calculation. We discuss the main factors to affect the RCS, and do simulation on the influencing factors of RCS derived from the radar frequency and perspective. We start from the concept of scattering centers, take cone target for example, study on types of scattering centers on the contribution of HRRP. Given the range profile model of the multi-scattering centers. To take the Step-Frequency Modulation as example, we discuss range ambiguity, speed sensitivity and the attitude sensitivity of HRRP, given the result of simulation experiment.
本文以弹道导弹防御系统研究为主要背景,着重讨论了目标的雷达散射截面积(RCS)、散射中心和目标高分辨率一维距离像(HRRP)这几个方面的问题,并对影响目标RCS和HRRP的主要因素做了仿真分析。
首先阐述了课题研究的目的和意义,总结了国内外的研究现状。说明了研究弹道导弹防御系统的必要性和紧迫性。总结了弹道导弹的参数、飞行阶段、突防手段以及根据导弹的运动特征,守方所能提取的特征,弹道中段的识别方法。
给出了RCS的定义,总结了预测和计算的方法。讨论了影响RCS的主要因素,并对雷达波频率和雷达视角对RCS的影响做了仿真。从散射中心的概念入手,以锥体目标为例,分析了几类散射中心对一维距离像的贡献。给出了多散射中心的距离像模型,并以步进频率波形为例,讨论了HRRP的距离模糊现象、平移(速度)敏感性和姿态敏感性,给出了仿真结果。
If ballistic missiles is the sky sword, missile defense system is the invisible shield covered on top of vast landmass.
Research on ballistic missile defense system is of great significance. It's important to break the international hegemonism, safeguard national security, and maintain the peaceful of the situation.
In this thesis, we set the ballistic missile defense system as the main background, focused on the target's radar cross section (RCS), the scattering centers and target high-resolution range profile (HRRP), and analysis the main factors of the target RCS and HRRP. Some simulation results are given.
Firstly, we describe the purpose and significance of the research, summarizes the research status at home and abroad. We illustrate the necessity and urgency of the ballistic missile defense system, summarize the parameters of the ballistic missile, flight phases, penetration means of the attacking side, and according to the motion characteristics of the missile, the characteristics of ballistic and the identification method of midcourse for the defending side.
Secondly, given the definition of RCS and summarizes the forecasts and the method of calculation. We discuss the main factors to affect the RCS, and do simulation on the influencing factors of RCS derived from the radar frequency and perspective. We start from the concept of scattering centers, take cone target for example, study on types of scattering centers on the contribution of HRRP. Given the range profile model of the multi-scattering centers. To take the Step-Frequency Modulation as example, we discuss range ambiguity, speed sensitivity and the attitude sensitivity of HRRP, given the result of simulation experiment.
引文
[1]张居凤.弹道导弹动态雷达特性仿真与识别研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2004,11.
[2]http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5 %AE%A4&prd=button_doc_jinru互动百科.
[3]刘丽华.弹道导弹中段雷达特性分析与提取方法研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2006,11.
[4]E.F.克拉克(美)著,阮颖铮等译.雷达散射截面——预估、测量、和减缩[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1988.
[5]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[6]程正兴.《小波分析算法与应用》[M].西安交通大学出版社,1997.
[7]Lemnois William Z, Grometstein Alan A. Overview of the Lincoln Laboratory ballistic missile defense program[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal.2002,13(l):9-32.
[8]Camp William W, Joseph T Mayhan, O'Donnell Robert M. Wideband radar for ballistic missile defense and range-Doppler imaging of satellites[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal. 2000,12(2):267-280.
[9]马俊声.目标识别与GBR地基成像雷达.航天电子对抗[J].1996,(4)：1-5.
[10]马骏声.弹道导弹弹头攻防技术的新较量[J].航天电子对抗.2004(4)：1-7.
[11](美)什科尼克(Merrill I.Skolnick)雷达手册[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[12]保铮,刑孟道,王彤.雷达成像技术[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[13]许小剑,黄培康.利用RCS幅度信息进行雷达目标识别[J].系统工程与电子技术,1992(6)：1-9.
[14]杨华,陈昌明,高桂清,马东辉.美国反导系统的发展历史及技术现状[J].飞航导弹,2001(7)：11-15.
[15]H-J.Li, S-H.Yang. Using range profile as feature vectors to identify aerospace objects.IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation[J],1993,41(3):261-268.
[16]Chen.C C,Andrew A C,Target Motion Induced radar Imaging [J],IEEE Trans on AES,1980,11(3):2-14.
[17]Leonov S A,Leonov A I.Handbook of computer simulation in radio engineering communicationgs and radar[M].Boston Artech house,2011.
[18]魏建功.弹道中段目标ISAR成像与特征提取研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,湖南长沙,2006,11.
[19]赵艳丽.弹道导弹雷达跟踪与识别研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2007,12.
[20]谢道成.弹道导弹突防措施建模与仿真[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,湖南长沙,2008,11.
[21]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社.
[22]刘记红,高勋章,金光虎.美国空间监视宽带雷达系统[J].中国雷达,2007.03.
[23]张恂.雷达目标的高分辨参数建模及其在自动目标识别中的应用[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,1997.
[24]Chen V C,Shie Qian. Jiont time-frequency transform for radar range Doppler imaging[J].IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,32(2):486-499.
[25]Eugene F.Knott. Simulation of Reentry Vehicle Motion During Laboratory Measurement of Rader Cross Section. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation,1969,17(3):242-244.
[26]刘永祥.导弹防御系统中的雷达目标综合识别研究[D].国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2004,3.
[27]周代英.雷达目标一维距离像识别研究[D].成都电子科技大学博士学位论文,四川成都,2001.12.
[28]廖学军.基于高分辨距离像的雷达目标识别[D].西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,陕西西安,1999,8.
[29]罗楠.雷达目标一维距离像识别方法[D].成都电子科技大学硕士学位论文,四川成都,2009,4.
[30]富艳琴.复杂群目标分辨及成像识别[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,陕西西安,2010.1.
[31]Mr. Thomas Foster. Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques for Early Warning Radar(EWR) Discrimination[A]. Progress Report Ⅱ. ADA298895.27 Jan 1995.
[32]Mr. Thomas Foster. Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques for Early Warning Radar(EWR) Discrimination[A].Final Report Ⅱ. ADA299735.29 March 1995.
[33]James L.Rasmussen, Randy L.Haupt, Michael L.Walker. RCS Feature Extraction from Simple Targets Using Time-Frequency Analysis[J]. SPIE vol.2845.
[34]黄小红等.目标高速运动对宽带一维距离像的影响及补偿方法研究[J].信号处理,2002,18(6)：487-490.
[35]张居凤,冯德军等.雷达目标动态RCS仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(4),834-837.
[36]杨正龙等.导弹目标动态RCS仿真计算[C].第九届全国雷达学术年会论文集,828-830.
[37]Sang H.Lee. Investigation of the Effects of Target Feature Variations On Ballistic Missile RCS[D], Master Thesis, Department of the Air Force Air University,2006.
[38]谢春燕,李为民,娄寿春.弹道导弹突防方案与拦截策略的对抗研究[J].现代防御技术.2004(10)：8-13.
[2]http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5 %AE%A4&prd=button_doc_jinru互动百科.
[3]刘丽华.弹道导弹中段雷达特性分析与提取方法研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2006,11.
[4]E.F.克拉克(美)著,阮颖铮等译.雷达散射截面——预估、测量、和减缩[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1988.
[5]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[6]程正兴.《小波分析算法与应用》[M].西安交通大学出版社,1997.
[7]Lemnois William Z, Grometstein Alan A. Overview of the Lincoln Laboratory ballistic missile defense program[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal.2002,13(l):9-32.
[8]Camp William W, Joseph T Mayhan, O'Donnell Robert M. Wideband radar for ballistic missile defense and range-Doppler imaging of satellites[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal. 2000,12(2):267-280.
[9]马俊声.目标识别与GBR地基成像雷达.航天电子对抗[J].1996,(4)：1-5.
[10]马骏声.弹道导弹弹头攻防技术的新较量[J].航天电子对抗.2004(4)：1-7.
[11](美)什科尼克(Merrill I.Skolnick)雷达手册[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[12]保铮,刑孟道,王彤.雷达成像技术[M].中国北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[13]许小剑,黄培康.利用RCS幅度信息进行雷达目标识别[J].系统工程与电子技术,1992(6)：1-9.
[14]杨华,陈昌明,高桂清,马东辉.美国反导系统的发展历史及技术现状[J].飞航导弹,2001(7)：11-15.
[15]H-J.Li, S-H.Yang. Using range profile as feature vectors to identify aerospace objects.IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation[J],1993,41(3):261-268.
[16]Chen.C C,Andrew A C,Target Motion Induced radar Imaging [J],IEEE Trans on AES,1980,11(3):2-14.
[17]Leonov S A,Leonov A I.Handbook of computer simulation in radio engineering communicationgs and radar[M].Boston Artech house,2011.
[18]魏建功.弹道中段目标ISAR成像与特征提取研究[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,湖南长沙,2006,11.
[19]赵艳丽.弹道导弹雷达跟踪与识别研究[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2007,12.
[20]谢道成.弹道导弹突防措施建模与仿真[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,湖南长沙,2008,11.
[21]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社.
[22]刘记红,高勋章,金光虎.美国空间监视宽带雷达系统[J].中国雷达,2007.03.
[23]张恂.雷达目标的高分辨参数建模及其在自动目标识别中的应用[D].国防科技大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,1997.
[24]Chen V C,Shie Qian. Jiont time-frequency transform for radar range Doppler imaging[J].IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,32(2):486-499.
[25]Eugene F.Knott. Simulation of Reentry Vehicle Motion During Laboratory Measurement of Rader Cross Section. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation,1969,17(3):242-244.
[26]刘永祥.导弹防御系统中的雷达目标综合识别研究[D].国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,湖南长沙,2004,3.
[27]周代英.雷达目标一维距离像识别研究[D].成都电子科技大学博士学位论文,四川成都,2001.12.
[28]廖学军.基于高分辨距离像的雷达目标识别[D].西安电子科技大学博士学位论文,陕西西安,1999,8.
[29]罗楠.雷达目标一维距离像识别方法[D].成都电子科技大学硕士学位论文,四川成都,2009,4.
[30]富艳琴.复杂群目标分辨及成像识别[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,陕西西安,2010.1.
[31]Mr. Thomas Foster. Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques for Early Warning Radar(EWR) Discrimination[A]. Progress Report Ⅱ. ADA298895.27 Jan 1995.
[32]Mr. Thomas Foster. Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques for Early Warning Radar(EWR) Discrimination[A].Final Report Ⅱ. ADA299735.29 March 1995.
[33]James L.Rasmussen, Randy L.Haupt, Michael L.Walker. RCS Feature Extraction from Simple Targets Using Time-Frequency Analysis[J]. SPIE vol.2845.
[34]黄小红等.目标高速运动对宽带一维距离像的影响及补偿方法研究[J].信号处理,2002,18(6)：487-490.
[35]张居凤,冯德军等.雷达目标动态RCS仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(4),834-837.
[36]杨正龙等.导弹目标动态RCS仿真计算[C].第九届全国雷达学术年会论文集,828-830.
[37]Sang H.Lee. Investigation of the Effects of Target Feature Variations On Ballistic Missile RCS[D], Master Thesis, Department of the Air Force Air University,2006.
[38]谢春燕,李为民,娄寿春.弹道导弹突防方案与拦截策略的对抗研究[J].现代防御技术.2004(10)：8-13.