婚前辅导及其有效性研究
摘要
现代意义上的婚前辅导是指通过有效的指导和交流互动来增进和增强婚前关系,以产生更满意和更稳定的婚恋关系。西方社会离婚的盛行、心理学研究的新进展和人们对预防心理健康兴趣的上升是西方婚前辅导快速发展的三大原因。
本文基于中国当代社会变迁的现实和婚姻文化的基本特征,针对婚前辅导研究中存在的问题,立足于婚前辅导研究的新进展,采用质性与量化研究相结合的研究策略,对婚前评估工具、辅导方案和婚前辅导进行了系统的研究,得出如下主要结论：
1、婚前亲密关系问卷共53个项目组成,由三个量表组成：认知量表(包括“恋人的认知”和“理想化认知”两个因素),婚前情感量表(包括“爱”和“共情”两个因素),行为量表(包括“交流”、“冲突解决”、“关系成长”三个因素)。
2、问卷具有可接受的心理测量学指标：各量表的项目鉴别度指数、因素负荷与共同度都符合心理测量学的要求,三个量表都具有较好的内部一致性信度,其内容效度、结构效度和效标关联效度较高。
3、问卷比较全面地反应了婚前亲密关系的特点,具有典型的成长倾向,既可以评估婚前亲密关系,也可以用于婚前辅导的实践研究。
4、在文献回顾、访谈基础上建构起来的辅导方案,具有明确的理论基础,符合中国的社会现实和婚姻文化传统,有明确的辅导程序和步骤,具有较强的操作性和针对性,适用于我国婚前辅导。
5、对61位研究生进行的焦点团体访谈,一方面验证了影响婚姻质量和稳定性的生态系统理论；另一方面,也进一步修正和完善了辅导方案。辅导方案比较契合我国的国情和时代特征。
6、对4对情侣持续8周的团体辅导取得了预期的效果：(1)提升了所有参与者的关系技能和总体关系质量,辅导后实验组的婚前亲密关系问卷总分,认知与行为量表总分,“理想化认知”、“冲突解决”和“关系成长”因素后测得分显著高于前测。(2)辅导有针对性,在达成团体整体目标的同时兼顾到了团体成员的个别差异和目标期待。(3)辅导后参与者对恋人和关系的满意度都超过了“期望达到的”水平。(4)不同主题的辅导都取得了较好的效果。(5)团体成员某些方面的成长和关系互动模式的改变是一个渐进的过程。(6)辅导所带来的成长与改变是参与者所期待的。
Premarital counseling in modern sense is to improve and reinforce a couple's relationship before marriage by effective interaction so as to produce more satisfying and stable marriage.The prevalence of divorce, the advancement of psychological studies and the rising interest in psychological health constitute three main reasons for the rapid development of premarital counseling in the western countries.
This dissertation is to study the methods of premarital status evaluation, counseling program and premarital counseling systematically so as to solve the problems revealed in current premarital counseling studies, which is based on the reality of contemporary social change, the characteristic of marital culture and recent development of premarital counseling studies. This study draws the following conclusions:
1. The premarital intimacy questionnaire includes 53 items and three scales: cognitive scale (including two factors of "the cognition of lovers" and "the idealized cognition"), premarital emotional scale (including two factors of "love" and "empathy"), behavioral scale (including three factors of "communication", "conflict resolution" and "the development of relationship").
2. The questionnaire has acceptable psychometric indicators:The index of identifying the scale of the project, factorial validity and consistency reliability meets the requirements of psychometric. Three scales have good internal consistency reliability, content validity, structure validity and criterion validity.
3. The questionnaire reflects the features of intimate premarital relationship comprehensively with the typical growth tendency, which not only estimates the intimate premarital relationship, but also instructs the practice of premarital counseling.
4. The counseling strategies are constructed on the basis of documents review and interviews, with specific theory background, in consistent with Chinese social reality and the tradition of marriage culture which is practical to domestic premarital counseling.
5. The focusing group interviews with 61 postgraduates verify the ecological system theory on influencing the quality and stability of marriage, while amending and perfecting the counseling program. The program is appropriate under Chinese value and current request of the times.
本文基于中国当代社会变迁的现实和婚姻文化的基本特征,针对婚前辅导研究中存在的问题,立足于婚前辅导研究的新进展,采用质性与量化研究相结合的研究策略,对婚前评估工具、辅导方案和婚前辅导进行了系统的研究,得出如下主要结论：
1、婚前亲密关系问卷共53个项目组成,由三个量表组成：认知量表(包括“恋人的认知”和“理想化认知”两个因素),婚前情感量表(包括“爱”和“共情”两个因素),行为量表(包括“交流”、“冲突解决”、“关系成长”三个因素)。
2、问卷具有可接受的心理测量学指标：各量表的项目鉴别度指数、因素负荷与共同度都符合心理测量学的要求,三个量表都具有较好的内部一致性信度,其内容效度、结构效度和效标关联效度较高。
3、问卷比较全面地反应了婚前亲密关系的特点,具有典型的成长倾向,既可以评估婚前亲密关系,也可以用于婚前辅导的实践研究。
4、在文献回顾、访谈基础上建构起来的辅导方案,具有明确的理论基础,符合中国的社会现实和婚姻文化传统,有明确的辅导程序和步骤,具有较强的操作性和针对性,适用于我国婚前辅导。
5、对61位研究生进行的焦点团体访谈,一方面验证了影响婚姻质量和稳定性的生态系统理论；另一方面,也进一步修正和完善了辅导方案。辅导方案比较契合我国的国情和时代特征。
6、对4对情侣持续8周的团体辅导取得了预期的效果：(1)提升了所有参与者的关系技能和总体关系质量,辅导后实验组的婚前亲密关系问卷总分,认知与行为量表总分,“理想化认知”、“冲突解决”和“关系成长”因素后测得分显著高于前测。(2)辅导有针对性,在达成团体整体目标的同时兼顾到了团体成员的个别差异和目标期待。(3)辅导后参与者对恋人和关系的满意度都超过了“期望达到的”水平。(4)不同主题的辅导都取得了较好的效果。(5)团体成员某些方面的成长和关系互动模式的改变是一个渐进的过程。(6)辅导所带来的成长与改变是参与者所期待的。
Premarital counseling in modern sense is to improve and reinforce a couple's relationship before marriage by effective interaction so as to produce more satisfying and stable marriage.The prevalence of divorce, the advancement of psychological studies and the rising interest in psychological health constitute three main reasons for the rapid development of premarital counseling in the western countries.
This dissertation is to study the methods of premarital status evaluation, counseling program and premarital counseling systematically so as to solve the problems revealed in current premarital counseling studies, which is based on the reality of contemporary social change, the characteristic of marital culture and recent development of premarital counseling studies. This study draws the following conclusions:
1. The premarital intimacy questionnaire includes 53 items and three scales: cognitive scale (including two factors of "the cognition of lovers" and "the idealized cognition"), premarital emotional scale (including two factors of "love" and "empathy"), behavioral scale (including three factors of "communication", "conflict resolution" and "the development of relationship").
2. The questionnaire has acceptable psychometric indicators:The index of identifying the scale of the project, factorial validity and consistency reliability meets the requirements of psychometric. Three scales have good internal consistency reliability, content validity, structure validity and criterion validity.
3. The questionnaire reflects the features of intimate premarital relationship comprehensively with the typical growth tendency, which not only estimates the intimate premarital relationship, but also instructs the practice of premarital counseling.
4. The counseling strategies are constructed on the basis of documents review and interviews, with specific theory background, in consistent with Chinese social reality and the tradition of marriage culture which is practical to domestic premarital counseling.
5. The focusing group interviews with 61 postgraduates verify the ecological system theory on influencing the quality and stability of marriage, while amending and perfecting the counseling program. The program is appropriate under Chinese value and current request of the times.
引文
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