生长调节剂对砀山酥梨幼果内源激素和果实品质及萼片发育的影响
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摘要
砀山酥梨(Pyrus bretshneideri cv.Dangshansuli)是我国梨主栽品种,约占全国梨树栽培面积和产量的1/3以上。生产实际中,砀山酥梨萼片宿存的果实占20%～50%,其品质低下、经济价值只有萼片脱落果实的1/2.。本论文以14年生砀山酥梨植株为试材,研究了其果实萼片生长发育规律、不同序位花朵萼片发育特征。在此基础上,于盛花期喷施浓度均为50 mg/L的生长调节剂PBO、PP333、GA_3,对各处理果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量及果肉硬度、果形指数和果实石细胞含量进行分析;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了幼果生长发育过程中IAA、GA_3、ZR和ABA含量的动态变化。探讨了生长调节剂及内源激素和萼片生长发育的关系,研究了生长调节剂对砀山酥梨果实品质的影响。以期揭示生长调节剂及内源激素调节砀山酥梨果实萼片生长发育的生理机制,为生产中萼片发育的调控提供试验依据。
试验主要研究结果如下:
(1)在自然状态下,砀山酥梨萼片脱落呈单峰曲线,落花后10 d萼片开始脱落,落花后13 d达到高峰,脱萼率为40.50%,落花后19 d萼片停止脱落。在同一花序中,第1～6序位果实萼片脱落率分别为70.49%,74.19%,81.48%,86%,88.24%,68.75%。
(2)尽管2008年砀山酥梨自然脱萼率比往年偏高,人工喷施生长调节剂PBO、PP333、GA_3后,幼果萼片脱落率分别比对照提高19.48%、14.77%、-58.15%;坐果率分别比对照降低11.15%、25.27%、17.37%。幼果萼片脱落率、坐果率差异均达显著水平。GA_3是抑制幼果萼片脱落的主要激素。
(3)与对照相比,花期喷施GA_3后,脱萼果可溶性糖含量降低,维生素C、石细胞含量增加;而喷施PP333后,脱萼果果肉硬度降低,果形指数增大。
(4)花后10～35 d,各处理宿萼果内源IAA含量都高于脱萼果,宿萼果内源ZR含量都低于脱萼果,说明低浓度的IAA有利于幼果萼片脱落,而高浓度ZR有利于萼片脱落;内源ABA含量与果实萼片脱落相关性不显著。
Chinese pear 'Dangshansuli'(Pyrus bretshneideri cv.Dangshansuli) was one of the main cultivars,of which the cultivated area and annual yield accounted for above 1/3 of the total area and yield in China.In practical production,the rate of fruit with calyx in 'Dangshansuli' was 20%～50%,the fruit quality is low and its economic value was only a half of that of fruit without calyx.The timing of calyx development in fruit of 'Dangshansuli' in 14-year-old tree was observed and the effect of ordinal position of flower in an inflorescence on calyx persistency was tested.After spraying 3 kinds of growth regulators PBO,PP333 and GA_3 after full bloom,the concentration of which was 50 mg/L,the content of soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solid substance,vitamin C,and flesh hardness,fruit shape index,stone cell content were analyzed,and the content of IAA,GA_3,ZR and ABA in young fruit was determined by means of ELISA method to probe the dynamic change of the endogenous hormones during the fruit development.
The main results obtained in this experiment were as follows.
1.The curve of calyx shedding in 'Dangshansuli' had only one peak,it appeared at 13th day after full bloom,the calyx shedding rate was 40.50%,the calyx persistency rate of flower in an inflorescence from the first to sixth flower was 70.49 %,74.19%,81.48%,86%,88.24%and 68.75%,respectively.
2.Although the calyx shedding rate was somewhat higher than usual year in 2008,it had increased 19.48%,14.77%and -58.15%after spraying PBO,PP333 and GA_3,and fruit set rate of that had increased 11.15%,25.27%and 17.37%, respectively compare with the control.There was significant difference of the calyx shedding rate and fruit set rate between different treatments.GA_3 was the main hormone of inhibiting calyx shedding in young fruit.
3.In comparison with the control the soluble sugar,vitamin C and stone cell content in fruit without calyx had increased after spraying GA_3,and flesh hardness and fruit shape index of fruit without calyx had increased after spraying PP333.
4.During 10 to 35 days after full bloom,the content of endogenous hormone IAA in fruit with persistent calyx was higher than that in fruit without calyx,and the content of endogenous hormone ZR in fruit with persistent calyx was lower than that in fruit without calyx accounting for lower IAA or higher ZR concentration was benefit to the calyx shedding.The content of endogenous hormone ABA in young fruit was not related to the calyx shedding.
试验主要研究结果如下:
(1)在自然状态下,砀山酥梨萼片脱落呈单峰曲线,落花后10 d萼片开始脱落,落花后13 d达到高峰,脱萼率为40.50%,落花后19 d萼片停止脱落。在同一花序中,第1～6序位果实萼片脱落率分别为70.49%,74.19%,81.48%,86%,88.24%,68.75%。
(2)尽管2008年砀山酥梨自然脱萼率比往年偏高,人工喷施生长调节剂PBO、PP333、GA_3后,幼果萼片脱落率分别比对照提高19.48%、14.77%、-58.15%;坐果率分别比对照降低11.15%、25.27%、17.37%。幼果萼片脱落率、坐果率差异均达显著水平。GA_3是抑制幼果萼片脱落的主要激素。
(3)与对照相比,花期喷施GA_3后,脱萼果可溶性糖含量降低,维生素C、石细胞含量增加;而喷施PP333后,脱萼果果肉硬度降低,果形指数增大。
(4)花后10～35 d,各处理宿萼果内源IAA含量都高于脱萼果,宿萼果内源ZR含量都低于脱萼果,说明低浓度的IAA有利于幼果萼片脱落,而高浓度ZR有利于萼片脱落;内源ABA含量与果实萼片脱落相关性不显著。
Chinese pear 'Dangshansuli'(Pyrus bretshneideri cv.Dangshansuli) was one of the main cultivars,of which the cultivated area and annual yield accounted for above 1/3 of the total area and yield in China.In practical production,the rate of fruit with calyx in 'Dangshansuli' was 20%～50%,the fruit quality is low and its economic value was only a half of that of fruit without calyx.The timing of calyx development in fruit of 'Dangshansuli' in 14-year-old tree was observed and the effect of ordinal position of flower in an inflorescence on calyx persistency was tested.After spraying 3 kinds of growth regulators PBO,PP333 and GA_3 after full bloom,the concentration of which was 50 mg/L,the content of soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solid substance,vitamin C,and flesh hardness,fruit shape index,stone cell content were analyzed,and the content of IAA,GA_3,ZR and ABA in young fruit was determined by means of ELISA method to probe the dynamic change of the endogenous hormones during the fruit development.
The main results obtained in this experiment were as follows.
1.The curve of calyx shedding in 'Dangshansuli' had only one peak,it appeared at 13th day after full bloom,the calyx shedding rate was 40.50%,the calyx persistency rate of flower in an inflorescence from the first to sixth flower was 70.49 %,74.19%,81.48%,86%,88.24%and 68.75%,respectively.
2.Although the calyx shedding rate was somewhat higher than usual year in 2008,it had increased 19.48%,14.77%and -58.15%after spraying PBO,PP333 and GA_3,and fruit set rate of that had increased 11.15%,25.27%and 17.37%, respectively compare with the control.There was significant difference of the calyx shedding rate and fruit set rate between different treatments.GA_3 was the main hormone of inhibiting calyx shedding in young fruit.
3.In comparison with the control the soluble sugar,vitamin C and stone cell content in fruit without calyx had increased after spraying GA_3,and flesh hardness and fruit shape index of fruit without calyx had increased after spraying PP333.
4.During 10 to 35 days after full bloom,the content of endogenous hormone IAA in fruit with persistent calyx was higher than that in fruit without calyx,and the content of endogenous hormone ZR in fruit with persistent calyx was lower than that in fruit without calyx accounting for lower IAA or higher ZR concentration was benefit to the calyx shedding.The content of endogenous hormone ABA in young fruit was not related to the calyx shedding.
引文
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