陕西葡萄品种生态区划研究
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摘要
本研究在对陕西省具有代表性的25个县(区)气象资料进行详细统计分析的基础上,选取了10个与葡萄的生长发育及品质相关的气象指标,应用DPS数据分析软件,采用系统聚类分析的方法,将陕西省划分为九个葡萄产区,结果如下:
1.在对陕西省气候资源统计分析的基础上,以活动积温、年平均温度、最热月平均温度、降水量(7、8、9月)、日照时数(7、8、9月)为气象指标,进行系统聚类分析,将陕西省具有代表性的25个县划分为以下区域:
A区:
AⅠ:靖边、吴旗
AⅡ:神木、延长、清涧、宝塔区
AⅢ:宜川、洛川、白水、凤翔、陇县
B区:
BⅠ:韩城、户县、乾县、扶风、宝鸡
BⅡ:丹凤、勉县
BⅢ:大荔、富平、泾阳
C区:
CⅠ:宜君、柞水
CⅡ:紫阳
D区:米脂
2.对以上各区的地理概况、生态条件做了详细具体分析后,提出了各区发展的方向及适宜种植的品种,结果如下:
AⅠ:靖边、定边、吴旗、志丹、安塞:气候寒冷干旱,适宜发展早、中熟的欧亚品种鲜食及酿酒品种,优先考虑抗寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄的优良品种。
AⅡ:神木、府谷、榆林、清涧、绥德、子长、延安、富县、甘泉、延长、延川:陕西的次严寒地带,品种选择仍需考虑葡萄的抗寒性,适宜发展早、中、晚熟品种,早、晚熟品种可以选择欧亚种,中熟品种应选择欧亚品种中抗病性较强或欧美杂杂交种。
AⅢ:宜川、淳化、彬县、洛川、黄陵、麟游、长武、白水、合阳、耀县、凤翔、岐山、咸阳、千阳、陇县、铜川、吴堡、佳县:地貌复杂,土壤类型多样,是发展葡萄的优良区域。该区最适宜发展晚熟品种,早、中熟适宜选择欧美杂交种及欧亚品种中抗病性较强的品种
BⅠ:韩城、澄城、户县、渭南、略阳、洋县、华阴、乾县、高陵、长安、西安、蓝田、扶风、眉县、华县、潼关、华阴、宝鸡、周至、武功:该区发展鲜食葡萄的条件优越,热量条件丰富,能够满足早、中、晚及极晚熟品种的要求。早、晚熟品种以品质优良的欧亚种为主,中熟品种以抗性较强的欧美杂交种为主。
BⅡ:丹凤、商南、山阳、勉县、汉中、城固、南郑、镇巴、宁强:该区适宜发展晚熟的鲜食葡萄品种,早中熟品种应选择抗病较强的欧美杂交种。
BⅢ:大荔、浦城、富平、三原、泾阳、礼泉、兴平、临潼:该区是陕西发展鲜食葡萄的优质区。热量条件满足早、中、晚及极晚熟品种的需要,品种选择以品质优良的欧亚种为主,可以适量发展一些酿酒品种。
CⅠ:宜君、旬邑、黄龙、柞水、镇安、商洛、宁陕、洛南、太白、凤县、留坝、佛坪:该区降雨量较大,发展葡萄的生态条件一般,可以发展一些抗病性强的中、晚熟品种,建园时选择海拔较高的向阳坡地,并注意科学合理的管理,可以减少病害,提高浆果的品质。
CⅡ:紫阳、岚皋、汉阴、西乡、旬阳、石泉、平利、白河、安康、镇坪:该区热量条件丰富,夏秋湿热是该区发展生产的主要障碍,如果采用设施避雨栽培能够生产较优良的鲜食葡萄。也可以适当发展一些制汁品种。
D:米脂、子洲:该区为陕西生产酿酒葡萄的优质区。可以发展一些早、中熟的鲜食品种。
This study based on detailed statistical and analysis of meteorological data of 25 representative counties in Shanxi provice, 10 weather-related indicators was selected for growth and development with the grape and the quality, with the application of DPS date analysis software and the use of cluster analysis approach,Shaanxi province was divided into nine grape-producing areas,the results are as follows:
On the basis of statistical and analysis of climate resources in Shanxi province,we selected activity accumulated temperature,annual mean temperature,the hottest month average temperature ,precipitation(July,August,September),sunshine hours (July,August,September) as meteorological indicators,using the cluster analysis , Shaanxi province was divided into the following regions:
A area :
AⅠ:Jingbian, Wuqi
AⅡ:Shenmu, Yanchang, Qingjian, Baota district
AⅢ;Yichuan, Luochuan, Baishui,Fengxiang ,Longxian
B area:
BⅠ:Hancheng, Hu county , Qian country, Fufeng, Baoji
BⅡ: Danfeng, Mian country
BⅢ: Dali, Fuping, Jingyang
C area:
CⅠ:Yijun, Zhashui.
CⅡ:Zhiyang
D area:Mizhi
The development direction and suitable varieties for cultivation in different district were proposed after the specific analysis of geographical and ecological conditions of every districts of the above.the results are as follows:
AⅠ: Jingbian, Dingbian,Wuqi, Zhidan, Anshai.with the cold and arid climate,the area is suitable for developing of early and mid-matured European ( vitis vinifera) table grapes and wine grapes,the variety of cold and arid resistant and easy to grow in barren soil should be given priority.
AⅡ: Shenmu, Fugu, Yulin, Qingjian, Zichang, Yanan, Fu country, Ganquan, Yanchang, Yanchuan.this area locates in sub-freezing zone of Shaanxi,the selection of species still need to consider the cold hardiness of grape,the area is suitable for developing of early,middle and late matured varieties,early and late-maturedvarieties can choose the European grape,and middle matured should choose European grape with strong resistance to disease or hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
AⅢ: Yichuan, Cunhua, Bin country, Luochuang, Huangling, Linyou, Changwu, Baishui, Heyang, Rao country, Fengxiang, Qishan, Xianyang, Qianyang, Long country, Tong chuan, Wupu, Jia country.with the compleicated topography and variety soil types ,this area is good for developing grape .the area most suitable for developing late-matrued varieties,early and mid-matured should choose European grapes with highly disease resistant or hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅠ: Hancheng , Chengcheng, Hu country, Weinang, Lueyang, Yang country, Huayin, Qian country, Ganling, Changan, Xian, Lantian, Fufeng, Mei country, Tongguan, Baoji, Zhouzhi, Wugong. this area has favorable conditions to develop table grape,the abundant energy can meet the early,middle ,lateand very late-matured varieties request. Early and late-matured varieties should choose European grape and middle-matured should choose hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅡ: Danfeng, Shangnan, Shanyang, Mian country, Hanzhong, Chenggu,Nanzheng, Zhenba, Ningqiang.the area is suitable for developing late-matured varieties of table grape,early and middle-matured varieties should choose disease-resistant hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅢ:Dali, Pucheng,Fuping,Shanyuan,Jingyang,Liquan,Xingping,Lintong. this is the good quality area in Shaanxi for table grape development, the energy can meet the early,middle ,lateand very late-matured varieties request,the varieties can be choose European grape,some wine varieties can also be develop in appropriate quantity.
CⅠ:Yijun, Xunyi, Huanglong, Zhashui, Zhenan, Shanglou,Ningshan, Lounan, Taibai,Feng country,Liuba,Fuping. this area has great rainfall ,the ecological conditions of the development of grapes is general,the area can develop some late and matured varieties with strong resistance.the selection of garden production should choose shining slopes and higher elevations area,and pay attention to scientific and rational management can reduce disease and improve the quality of berries.
CⅡ:Zhiyang,Langao,Hanyin,Xixiang,Xunyang, Shiquan,Pingli,Baihe,Ankang,Zhenping this area has abundance heat resource,hot and humid summer and fall are the main obstacles to the development of grape production,if using the facility culture can produce better cultivation of table grapes.this area can also develop some juice varieties.
D :Mizhi, Zizhou.this is the good quality area for wine grape production in Shanxi, the area can develop some early and middle-matured varieties of European table grape.
1.在对陕西省气候资源统计分析的基础上,以活动积温、年平均温度、最热月平均温度、降水量(7、8、9月)、日照时数(7、8、9月)为气象指标,进行系统聚类分析,将陕西省具有代表性的25个县划分为以下区域:
A区:
AⅠ:靖边、吴旗
AⅡ:神木、延长、清涧、宝塔区
AⅢ:宜川、洛川、白水、凤翔、陇县
B区:
BⅠ:韩城、户县、乾县、扶风、宝鸡
BⅡ:丹凤、勉县
BⅢ:大荔、富平、泾阳
C区:
CⅠ:宜君、柞水
CⅡ:紫阳
D区:米脂
2.对以上各区的地理概况、生态条件做了详细具体分析后,提出了各区发展的方向及适宜种植的品种,结果如下:
AⅠ:靖边、定边、吴旗、志丹、安塞:气候寒冷干旱,适宜发展早、中熟的欧亚品种鲜食及酿酒品种,优先考虑抗寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄的优良品种。
AⅡ:神木、府谷、榆林、清涧、绥德、子长、延安、富县、甘泉、延长、延川:陕西的次严寒地带,品种选择仍需考虑葡萄的抗寒性,适宜发展早、中、晚熟品种,早、晚熟品种可以选择欧亚种,中熟品种应选择欧亚品种中抗病性较强或欧美杂杂交种。
AⅢ:宜川、淳化、彬县、洛川、黄陵、麟游、长武、白水、合阳、耀县、凤翔、岐山、咸阳、千阳、陇县、铜川、吴堡、佳县:地貌复杂,土壤类型多样,是发展葡萄的优良区域。该区最适宜发展晚熟品种,早、中熟适宜选择欧美杂交种及欧亚品种中抗病性较强的品种
BⅠ:韩城、澄城、户县、渭南、略阳、洋县、华阴、乾县、高陵、长安、西安、蓝田、扶风、眉县、华县、潼关、华阴、宝鸡、周至、武功:该区发展鲜食葡萄的条件优越,热量条件丰富,能够满足早、中、晚及极晚熟品种的要求。早、晚熟品种以品质优良的欧亚种为主,中熟品种以抗性较强的欧美杂交种为主。
BⅡ:丹凤、商南、山阳、勉县、汉中、城固、南郑、镇巴、宁强:该区适宜发展晚熟的鲜食葡萄品种,早中熟品种应选择抗病较强的欧美杂交种。
BⅢ:大荔、浦城、富平、三原、泾阳、礼泉、兴平、临潼:该区是陕西发展鲜食葡萄的优质区。热量条件满足早、中、晚及极晚熟品种的需要,品种选择以品质优良的欧亚种为主,可以适量发展一些酿酒品种。
CⅠ:宜君、旬邑、黄龙、柞水、镇安、商洛、宁陕、洛南、太白、凤县、留坝、佛坪:该区降雨量较大,发展葡萄的生态条件一般,可以发展一些抗病性强的中、晚熟品种,建园时选择海拔较高的向阳坡地,并注意科学合理的管理,可以减少病害,提高浆果的品质。
CⅡ:紫阳、岚皋、汉阴、西乡、旬阳、石泉、平利、白河、安康、镇坪:该区热量条件丰富,夏秋湿热是该区发展生产的主要障碍,如果采用设施避雨栽培能够生产较优良的鲜食葡萄。也可以适当发展一些制汁品种。
D:米脂、子洲:该区为陕西生产酿酒葡萄的优质区。可以发展一些早、中熟的鲜食品种。
This study based on detailed statistical and analysis of meteorological data of 25 representative counties in Shanxi provice, 10 weather-related indicators was selected for growth and development with the grape and the quality, with the application of DPS date analysis software and the use of cluster analysis approach,Shaanxi province was divided into nine grape-producing areas,the results are as follows:
On the basis of statistical and analysis of climate resources in Shanxi province,we selected activity accumulated temperature,annual mean temperature,the hottest month average temperature ,precipitation(July,August,September),sunshine hours (July,August,September) as meteorological indicators,using the cluster analysis , Shaanxi province was divided into the following regions:
A area :
AⅠ:Jingbian, Wuqi
AⅡ:Shenmu, Yanchang, Qingjian, Baota district
AⅢ;Yichuan, Luochuan, Baishui,Fengxiang ,Longxian
B area:
BⅠ:Hancheng, Hu county , Qian country, Fufeng, Baoji
BⅡ: Danfeng, Mian country
BⅢ: Dali, Fuping, Jingyang
C area:
CⅠ:Yijun, Zhashui.
CⅡ:Zhiyang
D area:Mizhi
The development direction and suitable varieties for cultivation in different district were proposed after the specific analysis of geographical and ecological conditions of every districts of the above.the results are as follows:
AⅠ: Jingbian, Dingbian,Wuqi, Zhidan, Anshai.with the cold and arid climate,the area is suitable for developing of early and mid-matured European ( vitis vinifera) table grapes and wine grapes,the variety of cold and arid resistant and easy to grow in barren soil should be given priority.
AⅡ: Shenmu, Fugu, Yulin, Qingjian, Zichang, Yanan, Fu country, Ganquan, Yanchang, Yanchuan.this area locates in sub-freezing zone of Shaanxi,the selection of species still need to consider the cold hardiness of grape,the area is suitable for developing of early,middle and late matured varieties,early and late-maturedvarieties can choose the European grape,and middle matured should choose European grape with strong resistance to disease or hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
AⅢ: Yichuan, Cunhua, Bin country, Luochuang, Huangling, Linyou, Changwu, Baishui, Heyang, Rao country, Fengxiang, Qishan, Xianyang, Qianyang, Long country, Tong chuan, Wupu, Jia country.with the compleicated topography and variety soil types ,this area is good for developing grape .the area most suitable for developing late-matrued varieties,early and mid-matured should choose European grapes with highly disease resistant or hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅠ: Hancheng , Chengcheng, Hu country, Weinang, Lueyang, Yang country, Huayin, Qian country, Ganling, Changan, Xian, Lantian, Fufeng, Mei country, Tongguan, Baoji, Zhouzhi, Wugong. this area has favorable conditions to develop table grape,the abundant energy can meet the early,middle ,lateand very late-matured varieties request. Early and late-matured varieties should choose European grape and middle-matured should choose hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅡ: Danfeng, Shangnan, Shanyang, Mian country, Hanzhong, Chenggu,Nanzheng, Zhenba, Ningqiang.the area is suitable for developing late-matured varieties of table grape,early and middle-matured varieties should choose disease-resistant hybrids between vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca.
BⅢ:Dali, Pucheng,Fuping,Shanyuan,Jingyang,Liquan,Xingping,Lintong. this is the good quality area in Shaanxi for table grape development, the energy can meet the early,middle ,lateand very late-matured varieties request,the varieties can be choose European grape,some wine varieties can also be develop in appropriate quantity.
CⅠ:Yijun, Xunyi, Huanglong, Zhashui, Zhenan, Shanglou,Ningshan, Lounan, Taibai,Feng country,Liuba,Fuping. this area has great rainfall ,the ecological conditions of the development of grapes is general,the area can develop some late and matured varieties with strong resistance.the selection of garden production should choose shining slopes and higher elevations area,and pay attention to scientific and rational management can reduce disease and improve the quality of berries.
CⅡ:Zhiyang,Langao,Hanyin,Xixiang,Xunyang, Shiquan,Pingli,Baihe,Ankang,Zhenping this area has abundance heat resource,hot and humid summer and fall are the main obstacles to the development of grape production,if using the facility culture can produce better cultivation of table grapes.this area can also develop some juice varieties.
D :Mizhi, Zizhou.this is the good quality area for wine grape production in Shanxi, the area can develop some early and middle-matured varieties of European table grape.
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