大庆油田海塔盆地钻井提速关键技术研究
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摘要
海塔盆地地质条件复杂,地层倾角大,钻井难度高,提高海塔盆地机械钻速、缩短钻井周期一直是加快海塔盆地勘探和开发进程的一项瓶颈。针对以上问题本文从井壁稳定、钻头优选、钻具失效原因分析和微泡沫钻井液体系四方面研究了海塔盆地提高钻井速度的关键技术。
     论文在海塔盆地地质特征分析的基础上,利用改进的模糊综合评判法对该地区多口井的井壁泥页岩稳定性进行了评价,发现海塔盆地泥页岩稳定性总体上都位于不稳定和极不稳定的级别。结合海塔盆地的地质特点及施工情况,制定了该地区相应的防塌对策。
     应用室内实验及测井资料来研究海塔盆地岩石硬度及可钻性级值,计算地层岩石的弹性参数,最终确定该地区岩石可钻性剖面。根据可钻性级值划分层位,在每一层位中应用钻头综合评价方法,结合海塔盆地地质特性资料和钻井实钻资料进行优选钻头。有效提高了钻头使用效率,缩短了钻井周期,降低了钻井成本。针对海塔盆地经常发生钻具失效的问题,分析了钻具振动形式,建立了钻柱振动的数学模型。研究了该地区钻具失效规律及防止钻具失效的工艺技术,降低钻具断裂频次,大大提高该区钻井速度。
     通过研究海塔盆地储层特征,发现海塔盆地主力油层主要为中低孔、中低和低渗储层,碎屑和粘土矿物含量高。粘土矿物中主要有伊利石、伊蒙混层、绿泥石。应用快速预测储层敏感性方法——单相关分析和多元回归分析结合的方法,预测海塔盆地敏感性程度为:水敏性(强),盐敏性(中等偏强),碱敏性(中等),速敏性(中等),酸敏性(无)。
     海塔盆地储层平均孔喉半径小,孔隙分布不均匀且结构复杂。这些因素导致了海塔盆地储层易受到外来流体侵入发生水敏和水锁损害,而且一经损害,很难恢复。而海塔盆地目前所使用的钻井液体系对减轻水锁损害及防塌效果不明显,因此,在储层敏感性分析的基础之上,通过优选配伍性良好的处理剂,研制了适合于该地区的微泡沫钻井液体系。相对于海塔盆地现场应用的其他钻井液体系,微泡沫体系具有较好的抑制和防塌效果。微泡沫通过降低液柱压力、封堵孔隙及微裂缝以及在孔喉处产生贾敏效应,能够达到很好的堵漏效果,降低了漏失风险。微泡沫钻井液体系还具有较好的防塌和提速性能,现场应用效果良好,有效得控制了井径扩大和坍塌事故的发生,试验井平均机械钻速提高了56.7%。推广应用微泡沫钻井液体系,有利于提高钻井速度和固井质量,降低井底压差,减少储层损害。
     上述研究为海塔盆地提高钻井速度,加快勘探开发进程提供了坚实的理论基础和强有力的技术支撑。
The geological structure is very complex in Haita area, the strata dip is big and the well drilling is difficult. Increasing the penetration rate and shortening the drilling cycle of the area is very important to accelerating the exploration and development process. In view of the above question, we do research on key techniques for improving drilling speed in Haita Basin from four aspects:sidewall stability, optimize drilling bits, reason analysis of drilling tools failure, micro-foam drilling fluid system.
     Based on the study of geologic feature in Haita Basin, by using an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the stability of the wellface argillutite of many wells in this area was evaluated. And we found that the shale stability in this area is unstable or extremely unstable on the whole. Combining the geological characteristics of the area and the construction condition, congruent prevent caving strategy was established for this area.
     Combining the indoor experiment and logging data, the rock hardness and drillability level in Haita Basin were studied, and then to calculate the elastic parameter of the formation rock. Eventually the rock drillability cut plane could be assured. According to the drillability level to divide horizon, then applying drill bits comprehensive evaluation method to each layer, combining the geological characteristics of Haita Basin and the on-site drilling data the drill bits were optimized. This effectively improved the efficiency of the bit, shortened the drilling cycle and reduced the drilling cost. Aiming at the problem that the drilling tools in Haita Basin often out of work, we analyzed the vibratory form of drill string, established the mathematical model of drill string vibration. And studied its rules and the technology how to prevent drilling tools failure, and then formed a precaution technology that applicable to the Haita Basin which can lower the drilling tools'fracture frequency and improve the drilling speed in this region.
     Through studying the reservoir characteristics of Haita Basin, found that the major reservoirs in Haita Basin is mainly for low-to-moderate porosities, low-to-moderate and low permeability reservoirs, and the debris and clay mineral content is high. The clay mineral mainly contains illite, andreattite and chlorite. By using Single Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression which is an ideal, fast, new method to forecast reservoir sensitivity, we received the results as follows:water sensitivity(strong), salt sensitivity(medium strong), alcalisensitivity(medium), velocity sensitivity(medium), acid sensitivity(none).
     In the reservoirs, the average pore throat radius is small and the pores are distributed unevenly and in complex instructures. For these factors when external fluids intrudes into the Hailaer area formation, it is vulnerable to be damaged by water sensitivity and water lock, and once damaged, it is difficult to recover. The drilling fluids used in Haita Basin currently are not good for lessening water locking and preventing caving. Therefore, on the basis of reservoir sensitivity analysis, we optimized the well compatible treating chemical and developed micro-foam drilling fluid suitable for this area. Compared with other drilling fluids used in this area, micro-foam system does well in preventing caving and rejecting. By lowering fluid column pressure, sealing pore and micro cracks and producing Jamin action at the pore throat, it can reach good plugging effect and reduced the risk of loss. That received good effect in field application by using the micro-foam drilling fluid system with anti-collapse and enhanced drilling speed properties. It efficiently controlled the accident of overcut and collapse, and the average penetration rate of test wells increased 56.7%. The applying of micro-foam drilling fluid is favor of improving drilling velocity and cement quality job. It reduced bottom-hole pressure difference and reduced reservoir damage.
     The above research provides solid theoretical foundation and strong technical support for improving drilling speed and speeding up exploration and development process in Haita Basin.
引文
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