桥位河段河床演变与航道整治研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的迅速发展,现代交通网络的建设发展非常迅速,跨河桥梁、公路桥梁和城市交通桥梁大量兴建,解决了陆路交通的跨河连接问题。由于河道的特殊性,桥梁建成后改变了天然河道的水流条件,桥位附近的水位变化、河床冲刷对水面线的影响、水流受桥墩压缩后引起的桥位河段水流的变化、主流沿程流速的变化和桥孔流速分布等因素使桥位情况变得非常复杂,这样的结果是给安全留下了很多隐患,可能对桥梁安全、通航安全、航道维护和建设造成严重的影响,对桥位河段的碍航分析整治研究是具有重要现实意义的。
河床演变分析是桥位河段整治研究的基础,桥位河段的碍航分析可以从河段的水位、流速,河段内的滩险,演变规律着手。引起桥位河段碍航的原因是复杂的,可主要归结为:桥梁规划设计不当;斜流,环流等影响通航的水流因素,在分汊河段和弯曲河段其对通航的影响尤为明显;桥梁建设所在河段的发展演变。当前,河道工程问题研究的主要方法有:河床演变分析、物理模型试验和数模计算。本文以武桥水道为研究对象,利用水力学和河流(海岸)动力学及相关学科的理论,确定工程水域的水文、泥沙特征,分析河段的历史演变、近期演变和演变趋势,分析其碍航特征,提出整治思路;从水流与泥沙运动方程出发,依据相似原理,进行了本河段的模型设计,经定、动床的模型试验成果分析,对比各整治方案的优劣,对方案进行优化。
With our country’s economy develop rapidly , the construction of the modern transportation is more developed. Lots of the bridges were built to solve the problem of overland communication cross the river. Because of the speciality of river course, the fluent conditions of the natural river course were changed. The change of the water level, influence of riverbed scouring on water surface profile, the change of the fluent of the bridge location reach caused by compression of the piers, the velocity of the main current changes along the way , the velocity distribution near the bridge span and the other factors make the situation becomes very complicated. There are many hidden dangers due to these reasons, may affect the bridge safety, navigation safety, waterway maintenance and construction. It has practical significance to study on the bridge location reach.
Analysis of riverbed evolution is basic to research on the bridge location reach, the navigation obstruction analysis of the bridge location reach can be sections of the water level, velocity, rapids in the waterway and evolution law to proceed. There are many reasons may cause navigation obstruction of bridge location reach,can be mainly attributed to: the plan and design of the bridge; oblique flow, circulation and other factors affect the navigation, it is particularly evident at branching channel; the evolution of the river.
Currently, there are three kind of method on channel regulation research: Analyses of channel regulation, experiment on physical model and numerical simulation calculation. This article takes WU QIAO river as the research object, take advantage of theory on hydraulics, fluvial (costal) dynamics and interrelated subjects, fixed the water undertaking’s hydrology and silt feature, exploit tendency of history, recent and future evolution of topography, analyze the characteristics of navigation obstruction, propose ideas of regulation; begin with movement equation of water and silt, according to the similar theory, design the current channel model, and experiment on still and motional riverbed model. Analyze the result obtained, compare each scheme with its advantage and disadvantage, and optimize each scheme.
河床演变分析是桥位河段整治研究的基础,桥位河段的碍航分析可以从河段的水位、流速,河段内的滩险,演变规律着手。引起桥位河段碍航的原因是复杂的,可主要归结为:桥梁规划设计不当;斜流,环流等影响通航的水流因素,在分汊河段和弯曲河段其对通航的影响尤为明显;桥梁建设所在河段的发展演变。当前,河道工程问题研究的主要方法有:河床演变分析、物理模型试验和数模计算。本文以武桥水道为研究对象,利用水力学和河流(海岸)动力学及相关学科的理论,确定工程水域的水文、泥沙特征,分析河段的历史演变、近期演变和演变趋势,分析其碍航特征,提出整治思路;从水流与泥沙运动方程出发,依据相似原理,进行了本河段的模型设计,经定、动床的模型试验成果分析,对比各整治方案的优劣,对方案进行优化。
With our country’s economy develop rapidly , the construction of the modern transportation is more developed. Lots of the bridges were built to solve the problem of overland communication cross the river. Because of the speciality of river course, the fluent conditions of the natural river course were changed. The change of the water level, influence of riverbed scouring on water surface profile, the change of the fluent of the bridge location reach caused by compression of the piers, the velocity of the main current changes along the way , the velocity distribution near the bridge span and the other factors make the situation becomes very complicated. There are many hidden dangers due to these reasons, may affect the bridge safety, navigation safety, waterway maintenance and construction. It has practical significance to study on the bridge location reach.
Analysis of riverbed evolution is basic to research on the bridge location reach, the navigation obstruction analysis of the bridge location reach can be sections of the water level, velocity, rapids in the waterway and evolution law to proceed. There are many reasons may cause navigation obstruction of bridge location reach,can be mainly attributed to: the plan and design of the bridge; oblique flow, circulation and other factors affect the navigation, it is particularly evident at branching channel; the evolution of the river.
Currently, there are three kind of method on channel regulation research: Analyses of channel regulation, experiment on physical model and numerical simulation calculation. This article takes WU QIAO river as the research object, take advantage of theory on hydraulics, fluvial (costal) dynamics and interrelated subjects, fixed the water undertaking’s hydrology and silt feature, exploit tendency of history, recent and future evolution of topography, analyze the characteristics of navigation obstruction, propose ideas of regulation; begin with movement equation of water and silt, according to the similar theory, design the current channel model, and experiment on still and motional riverbed model. Analyze the result obtained, compare each scheme with its advantage and disadvantage, and optimize each scheme.
引文
[1] GB50139–2004,内河通航标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2004.
[2] Ship collision due to the Presence of Bridges Report of working Group 29 of the INL And NAVIGATION COMMISSION,2001.
[3]戴彤宇,聂武,刘伟力。长江干线船撞桥事故分析[J].中国航海,2002,(4).
[4]戴彤宇,聂武.船撞桥事故综述.黑龙江交通科技[J].2003(2).
[5]陈红武,叶东燕.碍航跨河桥梁对水运发展的影响及对策[J].广西交通科技,2002,27(4):84～86.
[6]胡旭跃,陈健强,许足怀,胡越高.耒水公路大桥碍航问题整治方法探讨[J].水运工程,2003(6):47～50
[7]许足怀,赵志舟等.弯曲河道桥区河段航道整治研究[J].水运工程,2004(9).
[8] Laurse, EM. Bridge backwater in wide valleys. J Hyd Div ,Proc, ASCE,1970,96
[9]程永舟,胡旭跃,沈小雄.桃源沅水大桥碍航问题试验研究[J].长沙交通学院院报,2001,17(2):62～65.
[10]胡旭跃,沈小雄等.分汊河道分流区航道内斜流的整治方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(3):22～24.
[11]钱宁,张红,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[12]林应丑.武汉白沙洲大桥河床演变与桥孔布置[J].人民长江,2003,34(5):34～36.
[13]曹民雄,甘小荣等.潮汐河段桥墩对水流影响的数值计算与分析[J].2006,37(4):81～84.
[14]陈晓云,周冠伦,刘怀汉.长江中游航道整治技术研究[J].水道港口,2005.
[15]欧阳飞.桥墩周围紊流区宽度及桥梁通航孔净宽研究[D].2005.
[16]陈建.长江中游武桥水道碍航成因分析及治理方案设想[J].中国港湾建设,2005(4):13～16.
[17] Hu xuyue, Zhou meilin, Shen xiaoxiong, Huang luncao. Shoal Regulation near Bridge by Dredging and Hydraulic Structures for Training Work Coordination Affect. The First Chinese International Developing Congress and Exhibition, Shanghai,2003,11.
[18]卢汉才,内河航道整治工程科技进步的回顾和展望[J].水道港口,2004,(25):3～7.
[19]甘浪雄.船舶在桥区安全航行可靠性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(4).
[20]李建林.黄河兰州新城段的水文泥沙特征对新桥建设的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2002,37(3):330～333.
[21]陈策,夏国星,杨玉冬,方大东.润扬大桥桥位选择可行性研究[J].中外公路,2004 ,24(2):51～54.
[22]胡勇.武汉天兴洲大桥河床演变及孔跨布置[J].桥梁建设,2003,(3):9～12.
[23]王平义,程昌华,荣学文,贺晓春.建筑物水毁理论及模拟技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[24] Leliavsky S. An Introduction to Fluvrial Hydraulics. Constable and Co,1955.
[25]麦乔威等.黄河下游来水来沙特性及河道冲淤规律的研究.黄委会水科所,1978(9)。
[26]丁联臻、彭瑞善,黄河东坝头以下河道整治经验初步总结[M].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集。1983.
[27]李保如、华正本等.三门峡水库拦沙期下游河道的变化.河流泥沙国际学术讨论会论文集,光华出版社,1980.
[28]许炯心.黄河下游游荡河段清水冲刷时期河床调整的复杂响应现象[A].水科学进展,2001 (9).
[29]长江流域规划办公室水文局,丹江口水利枢纽下游河床演变分析文集[M].长江流域规划办公室水文局,1984:
[30]陈立,张俊勇,谢葆玲.河流再造床过程中河型变化的实验研究[J].水利学报,2003(7).
[31]刘树人,穆桂春,刁承泰.三峡水库建成后对长江河床演变影响的预测与对策[J].地球信息科学,2003 (3).
[32] Melville B W.Local Scour of bridge Abutments.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992.118(4).
[33]长江航道局.内河航道整治[M].人民交通出版社,1998.
[34]毕方全,李晶.长江上游泸渝段航道整治研究[J].重庆交通大学学报,2008(3).
[35]胡旭跃,陈健强.桥位河段的航道整治工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2006.
[35]潘治江.哈尔滨松花江公路大桥河段航道整治工程及其效果[J].水运工程,1991(4):40～44.
[35]陆浩,高冬光.桥梁水力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[36]河海大学,重庆交通学院编.航道整治[M].南京,河海大学出版社,2002.
[2] Ship collision due to the Presence of Bridges Report of working Group 29 of the INL And NAVIGATION COMMISSION,2001.
[3]戴彤宇,聂武,刘伟力。长江干线船撞桥事故分析[J].中国航海,2002,(4).
[4]戴彤宇,聂武.船撞桥事故综述.黑龙江交通科技[J].2003(2).
[5]陈红武,叶东燕.碍航跨河桥梁对水运发展的影响及对策[J].广西交通科技,2002,27(4):84～86.
[6]胡旭跃,陈健强,许足怀,胡越高.耒水公路大桥碍航问题整治方法探讨[J].水运工程,2003(6):47～50
[7]许足怀,赵志舟等.弯曲河道桥区河段航道整治研究[J].水运工程,2004(9).
[8] Laurse, EM. Bridge backwater in wide valleys. J Hyd Div ,Proc, ASCE,1970,96
[9]程永舟,胡旭跃,沈小雄.桃源沅水大桥碍航问题试验研究[J].长沙交通学院院报,2001,17(2):62～65.
[10]胡旭跃,沈小雄等.分汊河道分流区航道内斜流的整治方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(3):22～24.
[11]钱宁,张红,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[12]林应丑.武汉白沙洲大桥河床演变与桥孔布置[J].人民长江,2003,34(5):34～36.
[13]曹民雄,甘小荣等.潮汐河段桥墩对水流影响的数值计算与分析[J].2006,37(4):81～84.
[14]陈晓云,周冠伦,刘怀汉.长江中游航道整治技术研究[J].水道港口,2005.
[15]欧阳飞.桥墩周围紊流区宽度及桥梁通航孔净宽研究[D].2005.
[16]陈建.长江中游武桥水道碍航成因分析及治理方案设想[J].中国港湾建设,2005(4):13～16.
[17] Hu xuyue, Zhou meilin, Shen xiaoxiong, Huang luncao. Shoal Regulation near Bridge by Dredging and Hydraulic Structures for Training Work Coordination Affect. The First Chinese International Developing Congress and Exhibition, Shanghai,2003,11.
[18]卢汉才,内河航道整治工程科技进步的回顾和展望[J].水道港口,2004,(25):3～7.
[19]甘浪雄.船舶在桥区安全航行可靠性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(4).
[20]李建林.黄河兰州新城段的水文泥沙特征对新桥建设的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2002,37(3):330～333.
[21]陈策,夏国星,杨玉冬,方大东.润扬大桥桥位选择可行性研究[J].中外公路,2004 ,24(2):51～54.
[22]胡勇.武汉天兴洲大桥河床演变及孔跨布置[J].桥梁建设,2003,(3):9～12.
[23]王平义,程昌华,荣学文,贺晓春.建筑物水毁理论及模拟技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[24] Leliavsky S. An Introduction to Fluvrial Hydraulics. Constable and Co,1955.
[25]麦乔威等.黄河下游来水来沙特性及河道冲淤规律的研究.黄委会水科所,1978(9)。
[26]丁联臻、彭瑞善,黄河东坝头以下河道整治经验初步总结[M].水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集。1983.
[27]李保如、华正本等.三门峡水库拦沙期下游河道的变化.河流泥沙国际学术讨论会论文集,光华出版社,1980.
[28]许炯心.黄河下游游荡河段清水冲刷时期河床调整的复杂响应现象[A].水科学进展,2001 (9).
[29]长江流域规划办公室水文局,丹江口水利枢纽下游河床演变分析文集[M].长江流域规划办公室水文局,1984:
[30]陈立,张俊勇,谢葆玲.河流再造床过程中河型变化的实验研究[J].水利学报,2003(7).
[31]刘树人,穆桂春,刁承泰.三峡水库建成后对长江河床演变影响的预测与对策[J].地球信息科学,2003 (3).
[32] Melville B W.Local Scour of bridge Abutments.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992.118(4).
[33]长江航道局.内河航道整治[M].人民交通出版社,1998.
[34]毕方全,李晶.长江上游泸渝段航道整治研究[J].重庆交通大学学报,2008(3).
[35]胡旭跃,陈健强.桥位河段的航道整治工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2006.
[35]潘治江.哈尔滨松花江公路大桥河段航道整治工程及其效果[J].水运工程,1991(4):40～44.
[35]陆浩,高冬光.桥梁水力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1991.
[36]河海大学,重庆交通学院编.航道整治[M].南京,河海大学出版社,2002.