内河并建桥梁净空宽度数值计算模型研究
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摘要
桥区水域通航环境复杂,桥区水域通航安全最主要的问题之一是船舶在桥区水域航行时受桥梁通航净空宽度的限制,使得船舶在桥区水域航行时发生事故频率较高。一旦发生重大水上交通事故,可能造成断桥、阻塞航道,使得桥梁所在水域的通航被迫中断,造成十分严重的经济损失和社会影响。目前国内已发生多起船舶碰撞桥梁的重、特大事故。
随着我国公路、铁路及城际轨道等交通运输网络建设的发展,珠江三角洲地区出现了并建桥梁。本论文所研究的并建桥梁是指两座及以上多座桥梁在桥区水域范围内构成的桥梁组合体。目前,国内已出现由4座以上桥梁组成的并建桥梁。并建桥梁的显著特点之一便是其桥孔纵深较长,甚者可达百米以上。
并建桥梁选址的要求之一是并建桥梁中两座桥梁之间相邻内边缘距离如何控制。由于并建桥梁桥孔纵深长度增加,导致船舶通过并建桥梁时间增长,必然导致船舶过桥所需的通航宽度增大,则并建桥梁净空宽度就不能沿用《内河通航标准》中对单座桥梁的净空宽度要求。
目前,国内外对并建桥梁净空宽度的研究处于初级阶段。本论文以内河珠江水域上的并建桥梁为主要研究对象,建立内河并建桥梁净空宽度数值计算模型,该计算模型主要描述并建桥梁净空宽度与桥孔纵深长度之间的数量关系。在模型建立过程中考虑航速、风、流、船舶偏航角对船舶航行的影响。
本文共分为五章：第1章为绪论,主要介绍论文的研究目的、意义及相关研究的现状。第2章为桥梁建设对通航安全的影响,以及对船桥碰撞等事故进行分析。第3章为单座桥梁净空宽度相关规定和研究方法,对单座桥梁净空宽度计算方法进行分析比较。第4章为内河并建桥梁净空宽度计算模型研究,建立数值计算模型,从而得出并建桥梁净空宽度的计算方法。第5章为桥区水域通航安全保障措施。第6章为结论与展望,通过分析本文研究方法的不足之处,建议进一步的研究。
通过本课题的研究,提出适用于内河并建桥梁净空宽度的计算公式,为今后出现并建桥梁关于桥梁净空宽度的设计提供参考依据,保障内河并建桥梁桥区水域的通航安全和桥梁自身的安全。
Navigation environment in bridge waterways is complicated, when the vessel navigating in bridge waterways,the most important question about the safety of vessel traffic in bridge waterways is ship maneuverability restricted by navigable clearance dimensions of bridge, so the frequency happening in accident is relatively high.If there is a serious overwater traffic accident in bridge waterways,may result in broken bridge, channel blocking, making the bridge waterways'navigation interrupted, causing serious economic losses and social impacts.there have been a lot of large ship-bridge collision accidents round bridge waterways.
With the construction of the road, rail and intercity rail and other transportation network, meanwhile paratactic bridge appears in the Pearl River Delta.The paratactic bridge in this thesis refers to the combination of two or more bridges crossing in the same location.At present, it has emerged more than four bridges in China. The significant features of the paratactic bridge is that its bridge opening depth is longer,even up to 100 meters.
How to control the distance between the edge of the two adjacent bridges is one of the requirements in paratactic bridge site selection.When the paratactic bridge length increases, the vessel navigating through the paratactic bridge need more time,it will need more navigation width.so the width of the clearance of the paratactic bridge can not follow the relevant requirements in "Standards for Inland Navigation".
The present research of paratactic bridge clearance dimensions in inland river is still at the primary stage. In this thesis, the main object of study is the paratactic bridge in Pearl River, To establish about the model of inland river paratactic bridge clearance dimensions, which describes the quantitative relationship between paratactic bridge clearance width and the length of the bridge opening width.In the model, it considers navigational speed、wind、current、ship yaw angle effect on the safety of ship navigation.
This thesis is divided into six chapters:Chapter I, introduction.It includes the main purpose, significance, and relevant studies of the research paper. Chapter II, the bridge construction on the safety of navigation, and analysis the ship-bridge collision incidents. ChapterⅢ, the related regulations and research methods of single bridge clearance dimensions, methods are analyzed and compared.ChapterⅣ, The research on the numerical calculus model of inland river paratactic bridge clearance dimensions, established numerical calculus model, it presents a suitable formula to calculate the inland river paratactic bridge clearance width. Chapter V, security measures of navigation safety in the paratactic bridge waterways.Chapter VI, Summary and Outlook. by analyzing the deficiencies of the research method, this chapter recommends further study.
Through the research of this topic, there has a suitable formula to calculate the inland river paratactic bridge clearance width, It can provide the scientific proof for new paratactic bridge building clearance width design, provide safeguard measures for the safety of vessel traffic and bridge own safety in paratactic bridge waterways.
随着我国公路、铁路及城际轨道等交通运输网络建设的发展,珠江三角洲地区出现了并建桥梁。本论文所研究的并建桥梁是指两座及以上多座桥梁在桥区水域范围内构成的桥梁组合体。目前,国内已出现由4座以上桥梁组成的并建桥梁。并建桥梁的显著特点之一便是其桥孔纵深较长,甚者可达百米以上。
并建桥梁选址的要求之一是并建桥梁中两座桥梁之间相邻内边缘距离如何控制。由于并建桥梁桥孔纵深长度增加,导致船舶通过并建桥梁时间增长,必然导致船舶过桥所需的通航宽度增大,则并建桥梁净空宽度就不能沿用《内河通航标准》中对单座桥梁的净空宽度要求。
目前,国内外对并建桥梁净空宽度的研究处于初级阶段。本论文以内河珠江水域上的并建桥梁为主要研究对象,建立内河并建桥梁净空宽度数值计算模型,该计算模型主要描述并建桥梁净空宽度与桥孔纵深长度之间的数量关系。在模型建立过程中考虑航速、风、流、船舶偏航角对船舶航行的影响。
本文共分为五章：第1章为绪论,主要介绍论文的研究目的、意义及相关研究的现状。第2章为桥梁建设对通航安全的影响,以及对船桥碰撞等事故进行分析。第3章为单座桥梁净空宽度相关规定和研究方法,对单座桥梁净空宽度计算方法进行分析比较。第4章为内河并建桥梁净空宽度计算模型研究,建立数值计算模型,从而得出并建桥梁净空宽度的计算方法。第5章为桥区水域通航安全保障措施。第6章为结论与展望,通过分析本文研究方法的不足之处,建议进一步的研究。
通过本课题的研究,提出适用于内河并建桥梁净空宽度的计算公式,为今后出现并建桥梁关于桥梁净空宽度的设计提供参考依据,保障内河并建桥梁桥区水域的通航安全和桥梁自身的安全。
Navigation environment in bridge waterways is complicated, when the vessel navigating in bridge waterways,the most important question about the safety of vessel traffic in bridge waterways is ship maneuverability restricted by navigable clearance dimensions of bridge, so the frequency happening in accident is relatively high.If there is a serious overwater traffic accident in bridge waterways,may result in broken bridge, channel blocking, making the bridge waterways'navigation interrupted, causing serious economic losses and social impacts.there have been a lot of large ship-bridge collision accidents round bridge waterways.
With the construction of the road, rail and intercity rail and other transportation network, meanwhile paratactic bridge appears in the Pearl River Delta.The paratactic bridge in this thesis refers to the combination of two or more bridges crossing in the same location.At present, it has emerged more than four bridges in China. The significant features of the paratactic bridge is that its bridge opening depth is longer,even up to 100 meters.
How to control the distance between the edge of the two adjacent bridges is one of the requirements in paratactic bridge site selection.When the paratactic bridge length increases, the vessel navigating through the paratactic bridge need more time,it will need more navigation width.so the width of the clearance of the paratactic bridge can not follow the relevant requirements in "Standards for Inland Navigation".
The present research of paratactic bridge clearance dimensions in inland river is still at the primary stage. In this thesis, the main object of study is the paratactic bridge in Pearl River, To establish about the model of inland river paratactic bridge clearance dimensions, which describes the quantitative relationship between paratactic bridge clearance width and the length of the bridge opening width.In the model, it considers navigational speed、wind、current、ship yaw angle effect on the safety of ship navigation.
This thesis is divided into six chapters:Chapter I, introduction.It includes the main purpose, significance, and relevant studies of the research paper. Chapter II, the bridge construction on the safety of navigation, and analysis the ship-bridge collision incidents. ChapterⅢ, the related regulations and research methods of single bridge clearance dimensions, methods are analyzed and compared.ChapterⅣ, The research on the numerical calculus model of inland river paratactic bridge clearance dimensions, established numerical calculus model, it presents a suitable formula to calculate the inland river paratactic bridge clearance width. Chapter V, security measures of navigation safety in the paratactic bridge waterways.Chapter VI, Summary and Outlook. by analyzing the deficiencies of the research method, this chapter recommends further study.
Through the research of this topic, there has a suitable formula to calculate the inland river paratactic bridge clearance width, It can provide the scientific proof for new paratactic bridge building clearance width design, provide safeguard measures for the safety of vessel traffic and bridge own safety in paratactic bridge waterways.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国国家标准《内河通航标准》.2004.5；
[3]周俊安.内河助航标志.北京：人民交通出版社,1996：16-17
[4]彭钜新,桥孔纵深长度等对通航净宽尺度的影响.交通标准化,2003：64-65；
[5]庄元.桥梁通航论证关键技术研究.武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2008.4；
[6]吕习道.桥区通航论证与研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.5；
[7]缪吉伦,张晓明,王召兵.桥梁建设对内河通航条件影响研究.水运工程,2004(9)：66-69；
[8]S.E.van Manen.Ship Collisions due to the Pressence of Bridge.Brussels:PIANC General Secretariat,2001;
[9]耿波.桥梁船撞安全评估.同济大学工学博士学位论文,2007.9；
[10]陈明栋,王多银.探讨跨江桥梁通航净空尺度和通航安全保障措施.水运工程,2001(4)：42-43；
[11]钟敏雄,谢永彰.通航桥孔跨度的计算方法探讨.中南公路工程,2005(3)：185-187；
[12]许保华.桥墩周围通航宽度影响研究.河海大学硕士学位论文,2007.3；
[13]欧阳飞.桥墩周围紊流区宽度及桥梁通航孔净宽研究.长沙理工大学硕士论文,2005；
[14]庄元,刘祖源.桥墩紊流宽度的试验研究.中国航海,2007(3)：5-9；
[15]沈小雄,程永舟等.航道边线与桥墩之间安全距离的研究.水运工程,2004(11)：85-87；
[16]何小花,陈立等.桥墩紊流宽度的试验研究.水利水运工程学报,2006(9)：49-53；
[17]胡旭跃,欧阳飞.桥区通航问题及对策研究综述.水道港口,2005,26(3)：167-171；
[18]严仁军,李嵘等.水路航运与桥墩防撞研究.交通科技,2003(3)：72-74；
[19]陈国虞.防御船撞桥的桥墩防撞装置.上海海洋钢结构研究所；
[20]陈国虞.三个“桥墩防撞设计指南、规范”的对比研究.城市道桥与防洪2009(2)：71-74；
[21]尹锡军.船桥碰撞及桥墩防撞设施研究.大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2009.6；
[22]周兴华.武汉长江大桥桥墩防撞研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.3；
[23]巫祖烈,徐东丰.桥墩防撞装置评述.重庆交通学院学报,2006.12,25(6)：22-26；
[24]中华人民共和国国家标准《中国海区可航行水域桥梁助航标志(试行)》.2009.12；
[25]陈厚忠等.优化桥区助航标志设置的探讨.船海工程,2009,38(3)：164-166；
[26]郭国平.船舶操纵.北京：人民交通出版社；
[27]肖亮希.桥区水域通航评估的内容与方法研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.5；
[28]古文贤.船舶操纵.大连：大连海运学院出版社,1993；
[29]郭国平.船舶控制理论与技术讲义.武汉理工大学航运学院,2001；
[30]范晓飚.内河引航技术.北京：人民交通出版社；
[31]许足怀,赵志舟等.弯曲河道桥区河段航道整治研究.水运工程,2004(9)：53-55；
[32]陆明生,关祖华,关则强,桥梁通航净空尺度和技术要求论证.公路交通科技,2003(8)：3840；
[33]牟军敏,刘明俊,季永青.船舶撞桥概率研究[J].中国水运,2006(07)：56-57；
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