砂岩气藏地层压力下降对气井产能影响研究
|
摘要
本文以砂岩气藏岩石和流体为研究对象,通过岩石变形实验、理论研究与实例应用相结合,建立了一套定量分析地层压力下降对气井和产水气井产能影响的评价理论。
本文利用先进实验手段,模拟有效压力增加实测了岩石非线弹性变形对孔隙度和渗透率的影响。通过定义岩石体积应变和骨架体积应变,推导了定量分析线弹性和非线弹性岩石体积应变关系式;推导了定量预测孔隙度、考虑迂曲度变化的渗透率、孔隙压缩系数、束缚水饱和度、平均毛管半径、平均毛管压力、毛管压力曲线、水和气的相对渗透率和气水两相相渗曲线的关系式。通过包含比渗透率系数气体广义拟压力和气水两相拟压力的定义,考虑地层压力下降,推导了达西、高速非达西、启动压力梯度和滑脱效应低速非达西分别对应不稳定和拟稳定渗流气井产能方程及对产能影响的实例计算分析,建立了达西、高速非达西对应不稳定和稳定气水两相渗流产水气井产能方程及对产能影响的实例计算分析。引入比惯性系数,给出了地层压力下降气井产能单点稳定法、系统试井、修正等时试井和产水气井修正等时试井产能评价新方法。
通过岩石变形实验研究和岩石物性变化规律研究,推导的孔隙度理论关系支持了“孔隙度肯定是变化的”观点。提出的由实验数据求取岩石非线弹性变形常数的“试算迭代法”,为定量预测非线弹性变形体积应变和实现地面实验数据向地层条件数据转化提供了理论依据。推导的束缚水饱和度、毛管压力、水和气的相对渗透率理论关系,为准确预测地层压力下降毛管压力曲线和气水两相相渗曲线奠定了基础。定义的单相气体拟压力和气水两相拟压力均包含比渗透率系数,综合考虑了地层压力下降直接和间接因素对气井产能的影响,使建立的气井和产水产能方程更加符合实际。通过定义比惯性系数,使得地层压力下降二项式产能方程系数A和B均为常数,为评价地层压力下降气井和产水产能提供了理论依据。
应用本文的研究成果,计算的孔隙度和渗透率值与实验预测值吻合性较好;对气井和产水气井产能的影响分析和产能评价结果表明,地层压力下降过程中气井和产水产能也逐渐下降,表现出与现场生产动态特征的一致性;用考虑地层压力下降影响的新方法评价的气井产能略高于常规法,评价结果更加趋于合理。
The rock and fluid medium of the sandstone gas reservoir are regarded as the study object in this thesis.By integrate rock deformation experiment,theory study and practice,a quantitative evaluation theory used to analyse the effects of formation pressure decrease on gas well and producing water gas well deliverability has been founded.
Non-linear elasticity deformation rock porosity and permeability have been measured by simulating effective pressure increase experiment.Thanks to rock volumetric strain and rock frame volumetric strain defined, the theoretical formulas including the linear elasticity deformation and non-linear elasticity deformation rock volumetric strain,rock porosity,rock permeability considering tortuosity change, bound water saturation, average capillary radius,average capillary pressure,capillary pressure curve, gas relative permeability,water relative permeability and gas/water relative permeability curve have been developed in order to analyze quantitatively them.By means of defining generalized pseudopressure with specific permeability for single phase gas flow and pseudopressure with specific permeability for gas/water two-phase flow,and considering the formation pressure decrease, gas well non-steady and pseudostationary deliverability equation have been developed for single phase gas Darcy, high speed non-Darcy, low speed non-Darcy considering kickoff pressure gradient and low speed non-Darcy considering slippage effect flow;producing water gas well non-steady and steady deliverability equation have been established for gas/water two phase gas Darcy and high speed non-Darcy flow; these deliverability equations have been applied to analyse the effects of formation pressure decrease on gas well and producing water gas well deliverability in the example gas reservoir.After introducing specific inertial coefficient,the new methods including single-shot steady law, systematic well testing, modified isochronal test for gas well deliverability, modified isochronal test for producing water gas well deliverability have been proposed and applied to evaluate deliverability in the example gas reservoir.
The theoretical formulas of the rock porosity which have been developed by means of the rock deformation experiment and the petrophysical parameter change study supported the view-point of“porosity change is definite”.The method of“trial calculation & iteration”, used to obtain the rock non-linear elasticity deformation constants from the experimental data,provided the theoretic foundation in order to calculate quantitatively the rock non-linear elasticity deformation and make the data conversion from the surface conditions to reservoir conditions come true.The theoretical formulas including bound water saturation, capillary pressure, gas relative permeability and water relative permeability helped to forecast exactly capillary pressure curve and gas/water relative permeability curve of formation pressure decrease.The defining generalized pseudopressure with specific permeability for single phase gas flow and pseudopressure with specific permeability for gas/water two-phase flow took the direct and indirect influential factors of formation pressure decrease into account and made the developed gas well and producing water gas well deliverability equations accord with field practice.The specific inertia coefficient defined made the factor A and B of turbulent flow equation become constants,so the definition provided the theoretic foundation so as to evaluate the gas well and producing water gas well deliverability of formation pressure decrease.
The coincidence rate between rock porosity & permeability calculated and measured is preferable;The evaluation results of the effects on gas well & producing water gas well deliverability indicate that the deliverability is descending during the formation pressure decrease and that the descending feature is accorded with field production performance.The gas well & producing water gas well deliverability of considering formation pressure decrease with the new evaluation method is slightly higher than the normal evaluation method,so the results are more reasonable.
本文利用先进实验手段,模拟有效压力增加实测了岩石非线弹性变形对孔隙度和渗透率的影响。通过定义岩石体积应变和骨架体积应变,推导了定量分析线弹性和非线弹性岩石体积应变关系式;推导了定量预测孔隙度、考虑迂曲度变化的渗透率、孔隙压缩系数、束缚水饱和度、平均毛管半径、平均毛管压力、毛管压力曲线、水和气的相对渗透率和气水两相相渗曲线的关系式。通过包含比渗透率系数气体广义拟压力和气水两相拟压力的定义,考虑地层压力下降,推导了达西、高速非达西、启动压力梯度和滑脱效应低速非达西分别对应不稳定和拟稳定渗流气井产能方程及对产能影响的实例计算分析,建立了达西、高速非达西对应不稳定和稳定气水两相渗流产水气井产能方程及对产能影响的实例计算分析。引入比惯性系数,给出了地层压力下降气井产能单点稳定法、系统试井、修正等时试井和产水气井修正等时试井产能评价新方法。
通过岩石变形实验研究和岩石物性变化规律研究,推导的孔隙度理论关系支持了“孔隙度肯定是变化的”观点。提出的由实验数据求取岩石非线弹性变形常数的“试算迭代法”,为定量预测非线弹性变形体积应变和实现地面实验数据向地层条件数据转化提供了理论依据。推导的束缚水饱和度、毛管压力、水和气的相对渗透率理论关系,为准确预测地层压力下降毛管压力曲线和气水两相相渗曲线奠定了基础。定义的单相气体拟压力和气水两相拟压力均包含比渗透率系数,综合考虑了地层压力下降直接和间接因素对气井产能的影响,使建立的气井和产水产能方程更加符合实际。通过定义比惯性系数,使得地层压力下降二项式产能方程系数A和B均为常数,为评价地层压力下降气井和产水产能提供了理论依据。
应用本文的研究成果,计算的孔隙度和渗透率值与实验预测值吻合性较好;对气井和产水气井产能的影响分析和产能评价结果表明,地层压力下降过程中气井和产水产能也逐渐下降,表现出与现场生产动态特征的一致性;用考虑地层压力下降影响的新方法评价的气井产能略高于常规法,评价结果更加趋于合理。
The rock and fluid medium of the sandstone gas reservoir are regarded as the study object in this thesis.By integrate rock deformation experiment,theory study and practice,a quantitative evaluation theory used to analyse the effects of formation pressure decrease on gas well and producing water gas well deliverability has been founded.
Non-linear elasticity deformation rock porosity and permeability have been measured by simulating effective pressure increase experiment.Thanks to rock volumetric strain and rock frame volumetric strain defined, the theoretical formulas including the linear elasticity deformation and non-linear elasticity deformation rock volumetric strain,rock porosity,rock permeability considering tortuosity change, bound water saturation, average capillary radius,average capillary pressure,capillary pressure curve, gas relative permeability,water relative permeability and gas/water relative permeability curve have been developed in order to analyze quantitatively them.By means of defining generalized pseudopressure with specific permeability for single phase gas flow and pseudopressure with specific permeability for gas/water two-phase flow,and considering the formation pressure decrease, gas well non-steady and pseudostationary deliverability equation have been developed for single phase gas Darcy, high speed non-Darcy, low speed non-Darcy considering kickoff pressure gradient and low speed non-Darcy considering slippage effect flow;producing water gas well non-steady and steady deliverability equation have been established for gas/water two phase gas Darcy and high speed non-Darcy flow; these deliverability equations have been applied to analyse the effects of formation pressure decrease on gas well and producing water gas well deliverability in the example gas reservoir.After introducing specific inertial coefficient,the new methods including single-shot steady law, systematic well testing, modified isochronal test for gas well deliverability, modified isochronal test for producing water gas well deliverability have been proposed and applied to evaluate deliverability in the example gas reservoir.
The theoretical formulas of the rock porosity which have been developed by means of the rock deformation experiment and the petrophysical parameter change study supported the view-point of“porosity change is definite”.The method of“trial calculation & iteration”, used to obtain the rock non-linear elasticity deformation constants from the experimental data,provided the theoretic foundation in order to calculate quantitatively the rock non-linear elasticity deformation and make the data conversion from the surface conditions to reservoir conditions come true.The theoretical formulas including bound water saturation, capillary pressure, gas relative permeability and water relative permeability helped to forecast exactly capillary pressure curve and gas/water relative permeability curve of formation pressure decrease.The defining generalized pseudopressure with specific permeability for single phase gas flow and pseudopressure with specific permeability for gas/water two-phase flow took the direct and indirect influential factors of formation pressure decrease into account and made the developed gas well and producing water gas well deliverability equations accord with field practice.The specific inertia coefficient defined made the factor A and B of turbulent flow equation become constants,so the definition provided the theoretic foundation so as to evaluate the gas well and producing water gas well deliverability of formation pressure decrease.
The coincidence rate between rock porosity & permeability calculated and measured is preferable;The evaluation results of the effects on gas well & producing water gas well deliverability indicate that the deliverability is descending during the formation pressure decrease and that the descending feature is accorded with field production performance.The gas well & producing water gas well deliverability of considering formation pressure decrease with the new evaluation method is slightly higher than the normal evaluation method,so the results are more reasonable.
引文
[1]陈勉,金衍,张光清等.石油工程岩石力学(M).北京:科学出版社.2008
[2]李同林,殷绥域.弹塑性力学(M).北京:中国地质大学出版社.2006
[3]楼一珊,金业权.岩石力学与石油工程(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2006
[4]Djebbar Tiab,Erle C.Donaldson.Petrophysics(second edition). USA. Elsevier Science.2004
[5]Jaeger J C, Cook N GW. Fundamentals of rock mechanics (3rd Edition). London: Chapman and hall, 1979
[6]Brandt,H.A study of the speed of sound in porous granular media.Trans.ASME,Vol. 77,1955,pp.479
[7]Skempton,A.W.Effective stress in soils concrete and rock.Pore Pressyre and Suction in Soils,Butterworth,London,1960,pp.4～16
[8]Biot,M.A. Theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropic solid.J.Appl.Phys.,Vol.26,Feb.1955,pp.182～197
[9]Geertsma,J. The effect of fluid pressure decline on volumetric changes of porous rocks.Tans.AIME,1953,pp.331～340
[10]李传亮.多孔介质的有效应力及其应用研究[D].中国科学技术大学.2000
[11]周大晨.对李传亮上覆岩层压力公式的质疑(J).新疆石油地质.2001,22(2):150～151
[12]Hall H N.Compressibility of Reservoir Rocks.AIME.1953,VOL.198,pp.309
[13]Fatt,I. Pore volume compressibilities of sandstone reservoir rocks.Soc.Petrol Engr.JPT,March 1958,pp.64～66
[14]Jones,S.C.Two-point determinations of permeability and PV vs. net confining stress.SOC.Petrol.Engr.Form.Eval,March 1988,pp.235～241
[15]Chierici,G.L.Ciucci,G.M.,Eva,F.and Long,G.Effect of the overburden pressure on some petrophysical parameters of reservoir rocks.Proc.7th World Petrol.Conf.,Mexico City,1967,pp.309～330
[16]Anderson,M.A.Predicting reservoir condition pore-volume compressibility from hydrostativ-stress laboratory data.Soc. Petrol Engr.paper No.14213,60th Ann.SPE Tech.Conf.,Las Vegas,NV,Sept. 22～25, 1985
[17]孙龙德,宋文杰等.克拉2气田储层应力敏感性及对产能影响的实验研究(J).中国科学(D辑地球科学).2004,34(增刊):134～142
[18]徐艳梅,郭平等.大牛地气田储集层应力敏感性研究(J).特种油气藏.2007,13(4):72～74
[19]朱华银,胡勇等.大庆深层火山岩储层应力敏感性研究(J).天然气地球科学.2007,18(2):197～199
[20]戴强,段永刚等.低渗气藏储层应力敏感性实验研究(J).海洋石油.2007,27(2):79～82
[21]李传亮,孔祥言等.多孔介质双重有效应力(J).自然杂志.1998,21(5):288～291
[22]高旺来等.克拉2异常高压气藏开采压力变化对储层物性的影响(J).特种油气藏.2002,9(4):69～71
[23]薛清太.地层上覆压力下物性参数特征研究(J).油气地质与采收率.2005,12(6):43～45
[24]李孟涛,姚尚林等.低渗透气藏应力敏感性实验研究(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2006,25(6):69～72
[25]黄继新,彭仕宓等.异常高压气藏储层参数应力敏感性研究(J).西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2005,20(4):21～25
[26]杨满平,李允.考虑储层初始有效应力的岩石应力敏感性分析(J).天然气地球科学.2004,15(6):601～603
[27]杨满平,李治平等.油气储层多孔介质的变形理论及实验研究(J).天然气工业,2003 ;23 (6) :110～113
[28]阮敏等.低渗透油层渗透及对油田开发的影响(J).特种油气藏.1998,5(3):23～28
[29]景岷雪,袁小玲.碳酸盐岩岩心应力敏感性实验研究(J).天然气工业.2002:22(增刊):114～117
[30]A.班恩,B.A.马克西莫夫等.岩石性质对地下液体渗流的影响.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[31]Settari,A.,et al, Coupling of Fliud Flow and Soil Behaviour to Model Injection into Unecmented Oil Sands.The Journal of Canandian Petroleum Technology,1989(1):81～92
[32]Vaziri H.H. CouPled fluid flow and stress analysis of 0i1 and subject to heating.JCPT,1988(5):84～91
[33]Fung L S,coupled geomechanic-multiphase flow model for analysis of in stiu recovery in cohesionless oil sands JCPT.1992 6(31)
[34]Tortike,W.S.,and Farouq Ali,S.M.,Prediction of Oil Sands Failure Due to Steam-Induced Stresses,JCPT,1991(l):87～96
[35]熊伟,田根林.变形介质多相流动流固耦合数学模型(J).水动力学研究与进展.2002,A辑17(6):772～776
[36]陈明强,蒲春生.变形介质低渗透油藏油井真实产能计算与分析(J).西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2006,21(2):18～22
[37]张烈辉等.变形双重介质分形气藏非线性渗流理论模型及数值研究(J).计算物理.2007: 24(1),90～94
[38]赵明,倪天禄.利用系统试井资料求取异常高压油藏储层渗透率变化系数的方法(J).石油地球物理勘探.2006,41(增刊):94～95
[39]张爱东.特低渗透储层渗流机理研究.硕士学位论文.西北大学.2007
[40]庞宏伟;岳湘安等..有效压力对低渗透率油藏物性的影响(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2007
[41]胡永乐,冉启全等.流固耦合油藏数值模拟(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2007
[42]Bv Brian F. Towler Hardback.“Fundamental Principles of Reservoir Engineering”.USA.Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.2002
[43]John Lee, Robert A. Wattenbarger.“Gas Reservoir Engineering”.USA. Society of Petroleum Engineers.1996
[44]Tarek Ahmed,Paul D.Mckinney.“Advanced Reservoir Engineering”.UK.Elsevier Inc.2005
[45]RenéCossé.“Basics Of Reservoir Engineering”.Paris.Editions Technip.1993
[46]Ahmed,T.“Reservoir Engineering Handbook”. USA. Engineering Advisor with Anadarko Petroleum Corp.2002
[47]Xiang Kaili,Wang Tianxun.“Analytical Solutions for Dimensionless Pressure Drop in a Composite Reservoir”.Beijing.Petroleum Industry Press.1995:163-174
[48]J.R. Fanchi .“Integrated Flow Modeling”.USA. Elsevier Science.2000
[49]Ю.П.科罗塔耶夫,Р.Д.马尔古洛夫主编(陈祖泽译).天然气和凝析油(上册)(M).北京:石油工业出版社.1989
[50]李晓平.地下油气渗流力学(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2008
[51]李治平,邬云龙,青永固.气藏动态分析与预测方法(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2002
[52]葛家理.现代油藏渗流力学原理-3版(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2003
[53]贺承祖等.储层孔隙结构的分形几何描述(J).石油与天然气地质.1987,9(1):15～23
[54]何琰等.确定孔隙结构分形维数的新方法(J).石油实验地质.1999,21(4):372～375
[55]何琰等.用分形几何法预测毛管压力曲线(J).新疆石油地质.2004,25(6):647～649
[56]周克明等.利用分形模型计算气水相对渗透率(J).天然气工业.2007,27(10):88～89
[57]冯文光..油气渗流力学基础..成都:成都理工大学.2007
[58]冯文光.天然气非达西低速不稳定渗流(J).天然气工业.1986,6(3):41～48
[59]吴凡等.气体渗流特征及启动压力规律的研究(J).天然气工业.2001,21(1):82～84
[60]吴英等.低渗气藏克林肯贝尔常数和非达西系数确定新方法(J).天然气工业.2005;25 (5) :78～80
[61]尚建林等.低速非线性渗流试井分析理论研究(J),新疆石油地质.2002,23(4):31～32
[62]贺伟,冯曦等.低渗储层特殊渗流机理和低渗透气井动态特征探讨(J).天然气工业.2002,22(增刊):91～94
[63]刘晓旭,胡勇等.气体低速非达西渗流机理及渗流特征研究(J),特种油气藏.2006,13(6):43～46
[64]刘高波,刘荣和等.低渗透气藏非达西渗流研究(J),大庆石油地质与开发.2007,26(1):65～67
[65]廖代勇,边芳霞等.气井产能分析的发展研究(J).天然气工业.2006 ,26 (2):100～101
[66]Xiong Yu,Sun lri,Sun liangtian,et al.A new method for predicting the law of unsteady flow through porous medium on gas condensate well[J].SPE35649,1996
[67]David A.T.Donohue,Turgay Ertekin.Gas Well Testing Theory,Practice &Regulation.USA.International Human Resources Development Corporation.1982
[68]Gilles Bourdarot.Well Testing:Interpretation Methods.Paris.Editions Tchnip.1996
[69]Wang Tianxun,Cheng Suiming. An Analysis Method for Identifying the Early Period Well Testing Data.Beijing.Petroleum Industry Press.1995:144-150
[70]Whitson CH, Fevang O, and Saevareid A Gas Condensate Relative Permeability for Well Calcul- ations, SPE paper 56476. In: presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Houston: 3-6 October
[71]Henderson G D, Danesh A, Tehrani D H, et al. The Relative siginificance of positive coupling and inertical effects on gas condensate relative permeabilities at high velocity, SPE Paper62933. In: The SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas: 2000-10-01-04, 2000. 193-202
[72]Bear J and Buchlin J M Modelling and Application of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer,1991
[73]Acuma J A Practical Application of Fractal Pressure-transient Analysis in Natural Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPEFE,1995,10(3):173～179
[74]覃斌,李相方等.凝析气藏考虑高速流动效应的油气渗流动态研究.天然气工业.2005;25(2):136～139
[75]齐明明等.综合高速效应的凝析气藏流入动态.石油钻采工艺(J).2006:28(3),74～80
[76]Fevang O,Whitson C H.Modelling gas condensate well deliverability.SPE paper 30714 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, Dallas, USA, 1995:22～25
[77]严文德,郭肖等.一个新的低渗透气藏气井产能预测公式( J).天然气工业.2006,26(1):88-89
[78]李治平等.低渗透气藏气井产能评价新方法研究(J).天然气工业.2007 ,27(4) :85～87
[79]刘荣和等.低渗气藏压裂井三项式方程推导及应用(J).天然气工业.2006,26(9) :109～111
[80]张百灵等.致密气藏产能分析方法研究(D).博士学位论文.2004
[81]李晓平,赵必荣.气水两相流井产能分析方法研究(J).油气井测试.2001,10(4):8～10
[82]李晓平等.气水同产井瞬态流入动态关系曲线探讨(J).天然气工业.2001;21(3):65～67
[83]生如岩,李相方.一种考虑紊流影响的产水气井开采动态预测模型(J),中国海上油气.2004,16(5):328～330
[84]郭肖等.裂缝性有水气藏水平气井产能分析(J).天然气工业.2006 ,26(9):100～102
[85]杨荣奎等.底水气藏打开不完善井二项式产能公式(J).天然气工业.2006,26(8):96～98
[86]程时清等.产水凝析气井三相流产能方程(J).天然气工业.2004;24(12):99～101
[87]赵宏利等.产水凝析气井流入动态研究(J).试采技术.2007(3):4～5
[88]郝斐,张公社等.携液气井产能方程研究(J).天然气工业.2006,26(6):92～94
[89]聂锐利等.气井动态产能预测方法研究(J).测井技术.2005,29(6):517～519
[90]李汝勇等.气井产能影响参数敏感性分析(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2006,25(2):34～36
[91]付维署等.影响长庆气田气井无阻流量的参数敏感性分析(J).海洋石油.2004.10:62～68
[92]杨景海,何风珍等.利用不稳定试井资料确定气井动态产能方法研究(J).天然气工业. 2007,27(3):95～96
[93]余元洲,张彩等.不同压力下确定凝析气井二项式产能方程的一种新方法(J).天然气工业.2006,26(3):84～86
[94]郝玉鸿,王方元等.地层压力下降对气井产能方程及无阻流量的影响分析.天然气工业(J).2000,20(1):71～74
[95]高松厚,郝玉鸿等.确定气井不同开发阶段无阻流量的简易方法—以长庆气田陕7井为例(J).新疆石油地质.2001,22(5),441～443
[96]郝玉鸿,张斌.确定气井不同地层压力下无阻流量的新方法(J).油气井测试.2003,12(2):1～2
[97]李勇明,赵金洲等.测试期间地层压力变化的气井产能数据处理方法(J).钻采工艺.2003,26(4),23～24
[2]李同林,殷绥域.弹塑性力学(M).北京:中国地质大学出版社.2006
[3]楼一珊,金业权.岩石力学与石油工程(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2006
[4]Djebbar Tiab,Erle C.Donaldson.Petrophysics(second edition). USA. Elsevier Science.2004
[5]Jaeger J C, Cook N GW. Fundamentals of rock mechanics (3rd Edition). London: Chapman and hall, 1979
[6]Brandt,H.A study of the speed of sound in porous granular media.Trans.ASME,Vol. 77,1955,pp.479
[7]Skempton,A.W.Effective stress in soils concrete and rock.Pore Pressyre and Suction in Soils,Butterworth,London,1960,pp.4～16
[8]Biot,M.A. Theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropic solid.J.Appl.Phys.,Vol.26,Feb.1955,pp.182～197
[9]Geertsma,J. The effect of fluid pressure decline on volumetric changes of porous rocks.Tans.AIME,1953,pp.331～340
[10]李传亮.多孔介质的有效应力及其应用研究[D].中国科学技术大学.2000
[11]周大晨.对李传亮上覆岩层压力公式的质疑(J).新疆石油地质.2001,22(2):150～151
[12]Hall H N.Compressibility of Reservoir Rocks.AIME.1953,VOL.198,pp.309
[13]Fatt,I. Pore volume compressibilities of sandstone reservoir rocks.Soc.Petrol Engr.JPT,March 1958,pp.64～66
[14]Jones,S.C.Two-point determinations of permeability and PV vs. net confining stress.SOC.Petrol.Engr.Form.Eval,March 1988,pp.235～241
[15]Chierici,G.L.Ciucci,G.M.,Eva,F.and Long,G.Effect of the overburden pressure on some petrophysical parameters of reservoir rocks.Proc.7th World Petrol.Conf.,Mexico City,1967,pp.309～330
[16]Anderson,M.A.Predicting reservoir condition pore-volume compressibility from hydrostativ-stress laboratory data.Soc. Petrol Engr.paper No.14213,60th Ann.SPE Tech.Conf.,Las Vegas,NV,Sept. 22～25, 1985
[17]孙龙德,宋文杰等.克拉2气田储层应力敏感性及对产能影响的实验研究(J).中国科学(D辑地球科学).2004,34(增刊):134～142
[18]徐艳梅,郭平等.大牛地气田储集层应力敏感性研究(J).特种油气藏.2007,13(4):72～74
[19]朱华银,胡勇等.大庆深层火山岩储层应力敏感性研究(J).天然气地球科学.2007,18(2):197～199
[20]戴强,段永刚等.低渗气藏储层应力敏感性实验研究(J).海洋石油.2007,27(2):79～82
[21]李传亮,孔祥言等.多孔介质双重有效应力(J).自然杂志.1998,21(5):288～291
[22]高旺来等.克拉2异常高压气藏开采压力变化对储层物性的影响(J).特种油气藏.2002,9(4):69～71
[23]薛清太.地层上覆压力下物性参数特征研究(J).油气地质与采收率.2005,12(6):43～45
[24]李孟涛,姚尚林等.低渗透气藏应力敏感性实验研究(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2006,25(6):69～72
[25]黄继新,彭仕宓等.异常高压气藏储层参数应力敏感性研究(J).西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2005,20(4):21～25
[26]杨满平,李允.考虑储层初始有效应力的岩石应力敏感性分析(J).天然气地球科学.2004,15(6):601～603
[27]杨满平,李治平等.油气储层多孔介质的变形理论及实验研究(J).天然气工业,2003 ;23 (6) :110～113
[28]阮敏等.低渗透油层渗透及对油田开发的影响(J).特种油气藏.1998,5(3):23～28
[29]景岷雪,袁小玲.碳酸盐岩岩心应力敏感性实验研究(J).天然气工业.2002:22(增刊):114～117
[30]A.班恩,B.A.马克西莫夫等.岩石性质对地下液体渗流的影响.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[31]Settari,A.,et al, Coupling of Fliud Flow and Soil Behaviour to Model Injection into Unecmented Oil Sands.The Journal of Canandian Petroleum Technology,1989(1):81～92
[32]Vaziri H.H. CouPled fluid flow and stress analysis of 0i1 and subject to heating.JCPT,1988(5):84～91
[33]Fung L S,coupled geomechanic-multiphase flow model for analysis of in stiu recovery in cohesionless oil sands JCPT.1992 6(31)
[34]Tortike,W.S.,and Farouq Ali,S.M.,Prediction of Oil Sands Failure Due to Steam-Induced Stresses,JCPT,1991(l):87～96
[35]熊伟,田根林.变形介质多相流动流固耦合数学模型(J).水动力学研究与进展.2002,A辑17(6):772～776
[36]陈明强,蒲春生.变形介质低渗透油藏油井真实产能计算与分析(J).西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2006,21(2):18～22
[37]张烈辉等.变形双重介质分形气藏非线性渗流理论模型及数值研究(J).计算物理.2007: 24(1),90～94
[38]赵明,倪天禄.利用系统试井资料求取异常高压油藏储层渗透率变化系数的方法(J).石油地球物理勘探.2006,41(增刊):94～95
[39]张爱东.特低渗透储层渗流机理研究.硕士学位论文.西北大学.2007
[40]庞宏伟;岳湘安等..有效压力对低渗透率油藏物性的影响(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2007
[41]胡永乐,冉启全等.流固耦合油藏数值模拟(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2007
[42]Bv Brian F. Towler Hardback.“Fundamental Principles of Reservoir Engineering”.USA.Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.2002
[43]John Lee, Robert A. Wattenbarger.“Gas Reservoir Engineering”.USA. Society of Petroleum Engineers.1996
[44]Tarek Ahmed,Paul D.Mckinney.“Advanced Reservoir Engineering”.UK.Elsevier Inc.2005
[45]RenéCossé.“Basics Of Reservoir Engineering”.Paris.Editions Technip.1993
[46]Ahmed,T.“Reservoir Engineering Handbook”. USA. Engineering Advisor with Anadarko Petroleum Corp.2002
[47]Xiang Kaili,Wang Tianxun.“Analytical Solutions for Dimensionless Pressure Drop in a Composite Reservoir”.Beijing.Petroleum Industry Press.1995:163-174
[48]J.R. Fanchi .“Integrated Flow Modeling”.USA. Elsevier Science.2000
[49]Ю.П.科罗塔耶夫,Р.Д.马尔古洛夫主编(陈祖泽译).天然气和凝析油(上册)(M).北京:石油工业出版社.1989
[50]李晓平.地下油气渗流力学(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2008
[51]李治平,邬云龙,青永固.气藏动态分析与预测方法(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2002
[52]葛家理.现代油藏渗流力学原理-3版(M).北京:石油工业出版社.2003
[53]贺承祖等.储层孔隙结构的分形几何描述(J).石油与天然气地质.1987,9(1):15～23
[54]何琰等.确定孔隙结构分形维数的新方法(J).石油实验地质.1999,21(4):372～375
[55]何琰等.用分形几何法预测毛管压力曲线(J).新疆石油地质.2004,25(6):647～649
[56]周克明等.利用分形模型计算气水相对渗透率(J).天然气工业.2007,27(10):88～89
[57]冯文光..油气渗流力学基础..成都:成都理工大学.2007
[58]冯文光.天然气非达西低速不稳定渗流(J).天然气工业.1986,6(3):41～48
[59]吴凡等.气体渗流特征及启动压力规律的研究(J).天然气工业.2001,21(1):82～84
[60]吴英等.低渗气藏克林肯贝尔常数和非达西系数确定新方法(J).天然气工业.2005;25 (5) :78～80
[61]尚建林等.低速非线性渗流试井分析理论研究(J),新疆石油地质.2002,23(4):31～32
[62]贺伟,冯曦等.低渗储层特殊渗流机理和低渗透气井动态特征探讨(J).天然气工业.2002,22(增刊):91～94
[63]刘晓旭,胡勇等.气体低速非达西渗流机理及渗流特征研究(J),特种油气藏.2006,13(6):43～46
[64]刘高波,刘荣和等.低渗透气藏非达西渗流研究(J),大庆石油地质与开发.2007,26(1):65～67
[65]廖代勇,边芳霞等.气井产能分析的发展研究(J).天然气工业.2006 ,26 (2):100～101
[66]Xiong Yu,Sun lri,Sun liangtian,et al.A new method for predicting the law of unsteady flow through porous medium on gas condensate well[J].SPE35649,1996
[67]David A.T.Donohue,Turgay Ertekin.Gas Well Testing Theory,Practice &Regulation.USA.International Human Resources Development Corporation.1982
[68]Gilles Bourdarot.Well Testing:Interpretation Methods.Paris.Editions Tchnip.1996
[69]Wang Tianxun,Cheng Suiming. An Analysis Method for Identifying the Early Period Well Testing Data.Beijing.Petroleum Industry Press.1995:144-150
[70]Whitson CH, Fevang O, and Saevareid A Gas Condensate Relative Permeability for Well Calcul- ations, SPE paper 56476. In: presented at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Houston: 3-6 October
[71]Henderson G D, Danesh A, Tehrani D H, et al. The Relative siginificance of positive coupling and inertical effects on gas condensate relative permeabilities at high velocity, SPE Paper62933. In: The SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas: 2000-10-01-04, 2000. 193-202
[72]Bear J and Buchlin J M Modelling and Application of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer,1991
[73]Acuma J A Practical Application of Fractal Pressure-transient Analysis in Natural Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPEFE,1995,10(3):173～179
[74]覃斌,李相方等.凝析气藏考虑高速流动效应的油气渗流动态研究.天然气工业.2005;25(2):136～139
[75]齐明明等.综合高速效应的凝析气藏流入动态.石油钻采工艺(J).2006:28(3),74～80
[76]Fevang O,Whitson C H.Modelling gas condensate well deliverability.SPE paper 30714 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, Dallas, USA, 1995:22～25
[77]严文德,郭肖等.一个新的低渗透气藏气井产能预测公式( J).天然气工业.2006,26(1):88-89
[78]李治平等.低渗透气藏气井产能评价新方法研究(J).天然气工业.2007 ,27(4) :85～87
[79]刘荣和等.低渗气藏压裂井三项式方程推导及应用(J).天然气工业.2006,26(9) :109～111
[80]张百灵等.致密气藏产能分析方法研究(D).博士学位论文.2004
[81]李晓平,赵必荣.气水两相流井产能分析方法研究(J).油气井测试.2001,10(4):8～10
[82]李晓平等.气水同产井瞬态流入动态关系曲线探讨(J).天然气工业.2001;21(3):65～67
[83]生如岩,李相方.一种考虑紊流影响的产水气井开采动态预测模型(J),中国海上油气.2004,16(5):328～330
[84]郭肖等.裂缝性有水气藏水平气井产能分析(J).天然气工业.2006 ,26(9):100～102
[85]杨荣奎等.底水气藏打开不完善井二项式产能公式(J).天然气工业.2006,26(8):96～98
[86]程时清等.产水凝析气井三相流产能方程(J).天然气工业.2004;24(12):99～101
[87]赵宏利等.产水凝析气井流入动态研究(J).试采技术.2007(3):4～5
[88]郝斐,张公社等.携液气井产能方程研究(J).天然气工业.2006,26(6):92～94
[89]聂锐利等.气井动态产能预测方法研究(J).测井技术.2005,29(6):517～519
[90]李汝勇等.气井产能影响参数敏感性分析(J).大庆石油地质与开发.2006,25(2):34～36
[91]付维署等.影响长庆气田气井无阻流量的参数敏感性分析(J).海洋石油.2004.10:62～68
[92]杨景海,何风珍等.利用不稳定试井资料确定气井动态产能方法研究(J).天然气工业. 2007,27(3):95～96
[93]余元洲,张彩等.不同压力下确定凝析气井二项式产能方程的一种新方法(J).天然气工业.2006,26(3):84～86
[94]郝玉鸿,王方元等.地层压力下降对气井产能方程及无阻流量的影响分析.天然气工业(J).2000,20(1):71～74
[95]高松厚,郝玉鸿等.确定气井不同开发阶段无阻流量的简易方法—以长庆气田陕7井为例(J).新疆石油地质.2001,22(5),441～443
[96]郝玉鸿,张斌.确定气井不同地层压力下无阻流量的新方法(J).油气井测试.2003,12(2):1～2
[97]李勇明,赵金洲等.测试期间地层压力变化的气井产能数据处理方法(J).钻采工艺.2003,26(4),23～24