基于GPRS/SMS的车载监控中心的设计与实现
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摘要
智能交通系统是当前国际道路交通和运输科技发展的前沿。作为智能交通系统重要组成部分的车载监控系统成为研究热点。
本文详细分析了当前车载监控系统常用通信方式(短消息SMS通信)的优缺点,及通用分组无线业务GPRS的新特性,提出了基于GPRS/SMS通信的车载监控系统。分析了GPRS网络实现原理,短消息服务中心的SMPP接口协议和中国移动的互联网短消息网关的CMPP接口协议,设计并实现了车载监控中心的通信服务器。
短消息具有覆盖范围广的优点,GPRS具有传输速率高的优点,因此将SMS和GPRS二者结合实现的车载监控系统在目前条件下是最佳的选择,具有当前最大的覆盖范围和最高的用户容量。在GPRS网络覆盖的地区,车载可利用GPRS网络传输包括GPS定位数据在内的监控数据,在无GPRS网络的地区,可利用SMS来传输。
大量GPRS车载通过TCP/IP作为客户端请求连接到通信服务器,因此通信服务器会同时为大量I/O请求提供服务。为了在Windows平台下完成高性能的TCP/IP通信的网络应用程序,需要使用Winsock提供的“套接字I/O模型”,其中完成端口模型可管理大量的套接字,获得最佳的系统性能。因此本文借助于完成端口模型来管理GPRS车载套接字,获得最大的吞吐速度,实现了高性能的通信服务。
GIS在车载监控系统中占据着非常重要的位置,它可实时显示车载位置,提供图形化界面的功能。MapX是MapInfo公司提供的GIS二次开发组件,它除完成GIS功能外,还具有系统结构简洁、图形功能强大、系统规模较小的特点。最后本文在MapX组件基础上完成监控终端软件的系统总体结构,并详细描述了各基本功能模块的设计与实现。
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the front of the present international road traffic and development in science and technology for transportation. As an important component of ITS, Vehicle Monitoring System becomes the focus of studying.This paper analyses the advantage and disadvantage of the commonly used communication scheme in detail, introduces the new characteristic of GPRS network and proposes the communication scheme based on GPRS/SMS. The realization principle of GPRS network is analysed. In addition, SMPP interface protocol of SMSC and China Mobile CMPP interface protocol of ISMG are also researched, and then this paper designs and realizes the communication server of the Vehicle Monitoring Centre.SMS has advantage of widely covered and GPRS has advantage of high transmission rate, so combining GPRS with SMS to realize Vehicle Monitoring System is the best choice at present, which has the large coverage and high user capacity. In the area where GPRS network covers, vehicle can use GPRS network to transmit data. Without GPRS network, vehicle can use SMS to transmit data.A large number of vehicles are connected to communication server through TCP/IP, so communication server must provide service for a large amount of I/O request at the same time. In order to realize the high-performance network application program, "Winsock I/O Model" should be used, in which "I/O CompletionPort Model" can manage lots of winsocks and obtain the best system function. With "I/O CompletionPort Model", vehicle winsock can be managed, the highest transmission rate can be obtained, and the high-performance communication service can be realized.In the Vehicle Monitoring System, GIS occupies very important position. It can show vehicle position in real time and provide graphic user interface. MapX is a GIS componet that MapInfo company provides. Besides finishing GIS function, it also has characteristic of succinct system structure, strong graphic function and small system scale. Finally, on the basis of MapX, this paper designs the system architecture of the software and describes the realization of all function modules in detail.
本文详细分析了当前车载监控系统常用通信方式(短消息SMS通信)的优缺点,及通用分组无线业务GPRS的新特性,提出了基于GPRS/SMS通信的车载监控系统。分析了GPRS网络实现原理,短消息服务中心的SMPP接口协议和中国移动的互联网短消息网关的CMPP接口协议,设计并实现了车载监控中心的通信服务器。
短消息具有覆盖范围广的优点,GPRS具有传输速率高的优点,因此将SMS和GPRS二者结合实现的车载监控系统在目前条件下是最佳的选择,具有当前最大的覆盖范围和最高的用户容量。在GPRS网络覆盖的地区,车载可利用GPRS网络传输包括GPS定位数据在内的监控数据,在无GPRS网络的地区,可利用SMS来传输。
大量GPRS车载通过TCP/IP作为客户端请求连接到通信服务器,因此通信服务器会同时为大量I/O请求提供服务。为了在Windows平台下完成高性能的TCP/IP通信的网络应用程序,需要使用Winsock提供的“套接字I/O模型”,其中完成端口模型可管理大量的套接字,获得最佳的系统性能。因此本文借助于完成端口模型来管理GPRS车载套接字,获得最大的吞吐速度,实现了高性能的通信服务。
GIS在车载监控系统中占据着非常重要的位置,它可实时显示车载位置,提供图形化界面的功能。MapX是MapInfo公司提供的GIS二次开发组件,它除完成GIS功能外,还具有系统结构简洁、图形功能强大、系统规模较小的特点。最后本文在MapX组件基础上完成监控终端软件的系统总体结构,并详细描述了各基本功能模块的设计与实现。
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the front of the present international road traffic and development in science and technology for transportation. As an important component of ITS, Vehicle Monitoring System becomes the focus of studying.This paper analyses the advantage and disadvantage of the commonly used communication scheme in detail, introduces the new characteristic of GPRS network and proposes the communication scheme based on GPRS/SMS. The realization principle of GPRS network is analysed. In addition, SMPP interface protocol of SMSC and China Mobile CMPP interface protocol of ISMG are also researched, and then this paper designs and realizes the communication server of the Vehicle Monitoring Centre.SMS has advantage of widely covered and GPRS has advantage of high transmission rate, so combining GPRS with SMS to realize Vehicle Monitoring System is the best choice at present, which has the large coverage and high user capacity. In the area where GPRS network covers, vehicle can use GPRS network to transmit data. Without GPRS network, vehicle can use SMS to transmit data.A large number of vehicles are connected to communication server through TCP/IP, so communication server must provide service for a large amount of I/O request at the same time. In order to realize the high-performance network application program, "Winsock I/O Model" should be used, in which "I/O CompletionPort Model" can manage lots of winsocks and obtain the best system function. With "I/O CompletionPort Model", vehicle winsock can be managed, the highest transmission rate can be obtained, and the high-performance communication service can be realized.In the Vehicle Monitoring System, GIS occupies very important position. It can show vehicle position in real time and provide graphic user interface. MapX is a GIS componet that MapInfo company provides. Besides finishing GIS function, it also has characteristic of succinct system structure, strong graphic function and small system scale. Finally, on the basis of MapX, this paper designs the system architecture of the software and describes the realization of all function modules in detail.
引文
[1] 杨东凯.ITS系统分析与自动车辆定位:(博士学位论文).北京:北京航空航天大学,2000.
[2] 王笑京.智能运输系统体系框架研究.交通与计算机,2001,19(4):4-6.
[3] 黄卫,陈里得.智能运输系统(ITS)概论.北京:人民交通出版社,1999.
[4] 张扬,彭国雄,杨晓光.日本ITS发展现状及趋势.综合运输,2003,(1):58-59.
[5] 郭敏.国外智能运输系统.国外公路,1999,19(5):16-20.
[6] 岳云.智能交通系统的发展近况.科技与经济,1998,(1):17-18.
[7] 张智文,魏凤,侯福深.中国智能运输系统(ITS)的发展.交通运输系统工程与信息,2001,(1):18-22.
[8] 张智文.中国ITS发展战略构想.中国机电工业,2000,(9):17-19.
[9] 蔡文沁.我国智能交通系统发展的战略构想.交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,3(1):16-22.
[10] 杨佩昆.智能交通运输系统体系结构.上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[11] 秦永元,张洪銊,汪淑华.卡尔曼滤波与组合导航原理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998.
[12] 罗建军,袁建平,刘样林.卫星导航系统的发展及其军事应用.全球定位系统,2001,26(1):25-29.
[13] Alfred L. GPS Satellite Surveying. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1995.
[14] 方群,袁建平,郑鄂编.卫星定位导航基础.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999.
[15] Parkinson B W, Spilker J J, Axelrad P et al. Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. WashingTon DC: American Institute Of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996
[16] 王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[17] 杜鹏,傅梦印,张鸿业等.GPS定位误差分析与建模.北京理工大学学报,1998,18(4):456-460.
[18] 钱天爵,瞿学林.GPS全球定位系统及其应用.北京:海潮出版社,1993.
[19] Seo H S, Lee J H, Hwang D H et al. A Decoupled GPS/DR Integration Kalman Filter Utilizing Cartier Measurements. Proceedings of ION GPS-99, USA, 1999.
[20] Nayak R A, Cannon M E, Wilson C et al. Use of Multiple GPS Antennas and a Low Cost IMU for Reliable and Continuous Urban Navigation. IAIN World Congress in Association with the U.S. ION 56th Annual Meeting, San Diego, 2000.
[21] Krakiwsky E J. Innovations in Vehicle Tracking and Navigation. GPS World, 1994,(1):42-46.
[22] Takai A, Nishiwaki Y, Ishiguro H et al. Multi Function GPS Sensor for Vehicle Monitoring (JRN-30 Mobile Locator). Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS-2003, USA, 2003.
[23] 吴少淳,现代自动车辆定位系统的数据处理与传输研究:(博士学位论文).北京:北京航空航天大学,1997.
[24] 汪衣冰,龚永平.GSM数字移动通信网,北京:人民邮电出版社,1997.
[25] 王志勤,巍然,王小云.全球移动通信系统(GSM)的技术及发展.电信科学,1996,12(4):9-17.
[26] 张静,蒋文怡,钟章队.GSM网络短消息吞吐量分析.电信技术,2000,(9):26-29.
[27] 吕捷.GPRS技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[28] 张科峰,陈莉华.GPRS网络性能测试.现代电信科技,2002,(1):21-25.
[29] 曾文豪.GPRS核心网的IP路由实现.广东通信技术,2002,22(5):13-21.
[30] Theodore S R. Wireless Communications Principles and Practics(影印版).北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[31] 钟章队,蒋文怡,李红君等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[32] 李华,李学云,区细成等.现代移动通信新技术GPRS系统.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001.
[33] Bates R J著.朱洪波译.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[34] 韩斌杰.GSM原理及其网络优化.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[35] 陈新编.GSM数字蜂窝移动通信.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[36] 郝云芳.GPRS的网络结构与接口信令研究.西安邮电学院学报,2002,7(1):46-49.
[37] 乌欣,胡捍英.GPRS的网络结构和协议分析.通信技术,2002,(3):59-61.
[38] Parantainen J, Hamiti S. Delay Analysis for IP Speech over GPRS. Proceedings of VTC-99, Amsterdam, 1999.
[39] Chitre V A, Daigle J N. IP Traffic over GPRS-An Internet Service Oriented Analysis. IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, New Orleans, 1999.
[40] 王海涛,郑少仁.“通往3G的捷径——GPRS技术”.广东通信技术,2001,21(10):21-24.
[41] 杨德光.短消息网关通用接入方案的研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学,2001.
[42] Peersman C, Cvetkovic S, Griffiths P et al. The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000, 7(3):15-23.
[43] 周学泳,石丹编.短信息(SMS)与WAP的开发及应用.北京:北京电子工业出版社,2002.
[44] 周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1993.
[45] W.Richard S著.范建华译.TCP/IP详解 卷1协议.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[46] Uyless B. TCP/IP and Related Protocols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[47] Anthony J著.京京工作室译.Windows网络编程技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[48] Jim B. Robert W著.侯捷译.Win32多线程程序设计.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[49] Michael N. D著.武法东,付宗堂,王小牛译.地理信息系统基本原理.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[50] 毋河海,龚建雅.地理信息系统(GIS)空间数据结构与处理技术.北京:测绘出版社,1997.
[51] 科技部国家遥感中心.地理信息系统与管理决策.北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[52] 李胜乐,陆远忠,车时.MapInfo地理信息系统二次开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[53] 廖向前.GPS与电子地图的坐标匹配问题的研究.系统工程与电子技术,1998,(11):78-81.
[54] 王楠,王勇峰,刘积仁.一个基于位置点匹配的地图匹配算法.东北大学学报(自然科学版),1999,20(4):344-347.
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[2] 王笑京.智能运输系统体系框架研究.交通与计算机,2001,19(4):4-6.
[3] 黄卫,陈里得.智能运输系统(ITS)概论.北京:人民交通出版社,1999.
[4] 张扬,彭国雄,杨晓光.日本ITS发展现状及趋势.综合运输,2003,(1):58-59.
[5] 郭敏.国外智能运输系统.国外公路,1999,19(5):16-20.
[6] 岳云.智能交通系统的发展近况.科技与经济,1998,(1):17-18.
[7] 张智文,魏凤,侯福深.中国智能运输系统(ITS)的发展.交通运输系统工程与信息,2001,(1):18-22.
[8] 张智文.中国ITS发展战略构想.中国机电工业,2000,(9):17-19.
[9] 蔡文沁.我国智能交通系统发展的战略构想.交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,3(1):16-22.
[10] 杨佩昆.智能交通运输系统体系结构.上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[11] 秦永元,张洪銊,汪淑华.卡尔曼滤波与组合导航原理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998.
[12] 罗建军,袁建平,刘样林.卫星导航系统的发展及其军事应用.全球定位系统,2001,26(1):25-29.
[13] Alfred L. GPS Satellite Surveying. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1995.
[14] 方群,袁建平,郑鄂编.卫星定位导航基础.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999.
[15] Parkinson B W, Spilker J J, Axelrad P et al. Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. WashingTon DC: American Institute Of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996
[16] 王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[17] 杜鹏,傅梦印,张鸿业等.GPS定位误差分析与建模.北京理工大学学报,1998,18(4):456-460.
[18] 钱天爵,瞿学林.GPS全球定位系统及其应用.北京:海潮出版社,1993.
[19] Seo H S, Lee J H, Hwang D H et al. A Decoupled GPS/DR Integration Kalman Filter Utilizing Cartier Measurements. Proceedings of ION GPS-99, USA, 1999.
[20] Nayak R A, Cannon M E, Wilson C et al. Use of Multiple GPS Antennas and a Low Cost IMU for Reliable and Continuous Urban Navigation. IAIN World Congress in Association with the U.S. ION 56th Annual Meeting, San Diego, 2000.
[21] Krakiwsky E J. Innovations in Vehicle Tracking and Navigation. GPS World, 1994,(1):42-46.
[22] Takai A, Nishiwaki Y, Ishiguro H et al. Multi Function GPS Sensor for Vehicle Monitoring (JRN-30 Mobile Locator). Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS-2003, USA, 2003.
[23] 吴少淳,现代自动车辆定位系统的数据处理与传输研究:(博士学位论文).北京:北京航空航天大学,1997.
[24] 汪衣冰,龚永平.GSM数字移动通信网,北京:人民邮电出版社,1997.
[25] 王志勤,巍然,王小云.全球移动通信系统(GSM)的技术及发展.电信科学,1996,12(4):9-17.
[26] 张静,蒋文怡,钟章队.GSM网络短消息吞吐量分析.电信技术,2000,(9):26-29.
[27] 吕捷.GPRS技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[28] 张科峰,陈莉华.GPRS网络性能测试.现代电信科技,2002,(1):21-25.
[29] 曾文豪.GPRS核心网的IP路由实现.广东通信技术,2002,22(5):13-21.
[30] Theodore S R. Wireless Communications Principles and Practics(影印版).北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[31] 钟章队,蒋文怡,李红君等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[32] 李华,李学云,区细成等.现代移动通信新技术GPRS系统.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001.
[33] Bates R J著.朱洪波译.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[34] 韩斌杰.GSM原理及其网络优化.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[35] 陈新编.GSM数字蜂窝移动通信.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[36] 郝云芳.GPRS的网络结构与接口信令研究.西安邮电学院学报,2002,7(1):46-49.
[37] 乌欣,胡捍英.GPRS的网络结构和协议分析.通信技术,2002,(3):59-61.
[38] Parantainen J, Hamiti S. Delay Analysis for IP Speech over GPRS. Proceedings of VTC-99, Amsterdam, 1999.
[39] Chitre V A, Daigle J N. IP Traffic over GPRS-An Internet Service Oriented Analysis. IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, New Orleans, 1999.
[40] 王海涛,郑少仁.“通往3G的捷径——GPRS技术”.广东通信技术,2001,21(10):21-24.
[41] 杨德光.短消息网关通用接入方案的研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学,2001.
[42] Peersman C, Cvetkovic S, Griffiths P et al. The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service. IEEE Personal Communications, 2000, 7(3):15-23.
[43] 周学泳,石丹编.短信息(SMS)与WAP的开发及应用.北京:北京电子工业出版社,2002.
[44] 周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1993.
[45] W.Richard S著.范建华译.TCP/IP详解 卷1协议.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[46] Uyless B. TCP/IP and Related Protocols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[47] Anthony J著.京京工作室译.Windows网络编程技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[48] Jim B. Robert W著.侯捷译.Win32多线程程序设计.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[49] Michael N. D著.武法东,付宗堂,王小牛译.地理信息系统基本原理.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[50] 毋河海,龚建雅.地理信息系统(GIS)空间数据结构与处理技术.北京:测绘出版社,1997.
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