基于可穿戴计算的企业现场作业辅助系统及关键技术研究
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摘要
可穿戴计算机的思想早在上世纪60年代就已出现，而形态化的可穿戴计算机则问世于80年代，其突破了传统桌面计算的束缚，为人们勾画了一种全新的，追求“以人为本，人机合一”目标的计算方式。
进入90年代中期，在以美国国防高级研究计划局(DefenseAdvanced ResearchProjects Agency，DARPA)为首的一批机构带动下，可穿戴计算技术得到了军方、工业界、大学等多方面研究力量的关注和重视。国际上主要的发达国家都有相关的著名大学和研究机构成立了专门的研究中心或实验室，专注于可穿戴计算技术的研究，其在工业、军事等重要领域的研究成果不断见诸报道，国内也有多个大学、科研院所逐步进入了该研究领域。
近年来，随着电路材料、计算机制作工艺、结构设计等技术的飞速发展，可穿戴计算机在工业、军事领域的应用逐步走向实用化阶段，在可穿戴计算软件研究领域中则面临了较多的困难和挑战，主要反映在传统桌面计算模式下设计、开发的软件无法满足可穿戴计算应用需求，而移动计算、普适计算模式一方面和可穿戴计算模式存在特征差异，另一方面自身的软件支撑技术很多方面也还处于探索阶段，不能很好的为可穿戴计算软件研究提供支持。
鉴于上述分析，本文针对可穿戴计算技术在工业领域的应用，特别是针对企业工程技术人员作业任务辅助方面的应用，提出构建基于可穿戴计算的企业现场作业辅助系统(Enterprise On-siteTask Assistant System，EOTAS)，并围绕其开展可穿戴计算软件支撑关键技术研究。主要研究内容和创新之处可概况如下：
1．知晓车间实验原型的构建与上下文信息服务研究
企业移动作业的工程技术人员面临企业现场环境的复杂性和多变性，以及目标设备的技术复杂性等实际问题，其作业辅助需求同样存在复杂性和多变性等特征，给EOTAS构建带来了较大的困难和挑战。本文从企业现场信息空间基础结构入手，提出了一种新的概念——“知晓车间”，构建实验原型，归纳了企业现场作业辅助领域中的典型上下文类型，研究基于知晓车间的上下文信息服务，力图为实现上下文驱动的EOTAS构建模式提供高效的信息服务支持。重点研究了适合知晓车间应用需求的上下文知识表示和演化方法。
2．EOTAS结构描述和自主构建方法研究
知晓车间上下文驱动的EOTAS构建模式带来了EOTAS在结构上的特殊性，使得传统的软件系统结构描述方法不能很好的为EOTAS结构描述提供支持。本文针对典型的现场作业辅助应用需求开展原型软件系统研究，归纳出EOTAS典型的结构特征，研究EOTAS结构形式化描述方法，提出了一种新的扩展分层有色Petri网形式，进而以其为基础，提出了一种结合模型驱动架构、开放式服务平台规范和Petri网标识语言等的EOTAS自主构建方法。
3．EOTAS动态调度方法研究
为了避免EOTAS频繁的应用功能重构对系统实时性能和计算资源开销等的影响，需要在一定程度上扩展所构建的EOTAS功能集合，从而带来了现场辅助应用中的EOTAS动态调度需求。本文开展了EOTAS动态调度方法的相关研究，首先针对可穿戴计算所具备的自然人机交互形式基础，提出了一种基于多通道人机自然交互的可穿戴人机协同概念形式，并围绕其应用，提出了一种基于扩展模糊有色Petri网的EOTAS动态调度方法，从而能有效的应对动态调度过程面临的来自企业现场的不确定性和非结构化因素等的影响。
4．EOTAS应用实例研究
针对典型的企业现场设备测试、诊断和维修任务，构建EOTAS应用系统。总结了围绕EOTAS应用实例构建开展的上下文获取方法、上下文知识本体具体实现方法、EOTAS自主构建中的MEHCPN软件工具开发等工作。
5．EOTAS性能支撑关键技术研究
针对EOTAS知晓车间应用中的性能保障需求，包括实时性需求、可靠性评估需求、安全性和隐私保护需求等，研究面向知晓车间应用的上下文预测问题，提出了相关的领域知识表示和基于知识推理的上下文预测方法；结合可信计算相关研究成果，构建了适合EOTAS结构特征需求的可信性模型，给出了相关的可靠度计算方法等。
The idea of wearable computer had appeared early in the 1960s, and the real emergence of wearable computer was available in the 1980s. It broke through the bondage from the tranditional desktop computing model, and depicted a brand new computing pattern for the goal of "people-oriented and human-computer combined".
In the mid-1990s, with the strong support from the military institutions headed by United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research of wearable computing technology is progressing quickly drivend by the strength of military, industry and academe. Many famous and research institution of developed country set up special reseach center or laboratory for wearable computing research. The research production continues to be seen in these fields. Some domestic universities and research institues gradually moved into these research fields.
In recent years, the application of wearable computer in the industrial and military fields enters into a practical stage followed with the rapid development of circuit materials, manufacturing arts of computer, and structural design. Many difficulties and chanllenges came forth in research of wearable computing software. The reason mainly include two sides: Firstly, the feature differences exist between the wearable computing and mobile computing, pervasive computing; Secondly, the support software technology research of mobile computing and pervasice computing is still in exploration stage.
In view of the above analysis, according to the application of wearable computing in the industry field, the Enterprise On-site Task Assistant System (EOTAS) is presented in this paper, especially to the application of assistant to the personnel in manufacture fields. The work about some key software supporting technologies is discussed. The main contents include five parts as follows:
1. Construction of aware workshop experiment prototype and research of context information service.
Due to complexity and diversity character of enterprise task field, and the technical complexity of target equipment, the complexity of personnel's requirement, the information assistant requirement is also complex and diverse; bring great difficulties and challenges to the construction of EOTAS. In this paper, a new "Aware Workshop (AW)" concept is presented and defined, and an experiment prototype of AW is constructed. Based on AW, the context information service is researched, in order to provide hierarchical, open, complete and high efficient information service including knowledge acquirement, representation, storage, evolution and utilization. The context knowledge representation and evolution methods are mainly discussed.
2. Research of EOTAS structure description and autonomous construction methods.
The autonomous construction pattern of EOTAS drivened by AW context brings some special particularity of EOTAS structure, which weakens the support provided by trandition software system structure description method. In this paper, prototype software is developed to outline the EOTAS typical structure characters. The research work of EOTAS structure description method is discussed. Then, a new modular extended hierarchy colored Petri net (MEHCPN) is presented. Base on MEHCPN, the EOTAS autonomous construction methods is presented, which combine the Model Driven Architecture, Open Service Gateway Initiative and Petri Net Markup Language.
3. Research of EOTAS dynamic schedule method.
In orde to avoid the bad effect on the system real time performace and computing resource cost which the frequent EOTAS reconfiguration brings, need extend the function set of EOTAS, and then bring a new dynamic schedule requirement to EOTAS. In this paper, some research about EOTAS dynamic schedule method is discussed. At first, a new wearable human-computer collaboration concept formal is presented according to the multi-modal interaction on wearable computer. Then, EOTAS dynamic schedule method based on a new extended fuzzy colored Petri net (EFCPN) is presented, for the dealing with uncertainty and unstructured problem.
4. Research of EOTAS application.
According to the typical task about enterprise on-site equipment test, diagnosis and maintence, some EOTAS application system is build. Contents about the context acquisition methods, concrete implementation of context knowledge base and MEHCPN software toolkit development for EOTAS autonomous construction is discussed.
5. Research of EOTAS performance support technologies.
According to the requirement of performance guarantee, including real-time performance requirement, reliability evaluation requirement, security and privacy protect requirement, etc., the context prediction problem is discussed, and some domain knowledge description method and context prediction method base on knowledge reason is presented. Combined with some relevant work from trusted computing research field, a trusted model adapted to EOTAS structure character is build, and the computing method of reliability is discussed.
进入90年代中期，在以美国国防高级研究计划局(DefenseAdvanced ResearchProjects Agency，DARPA)为首的一批机构带动下，可穿戴计算技术得到了军方、工业界、大学等多方面研究力量的关注和重视。国际上主要的发达国家都有相关的著名大学和研究机构成立了专门的研究中心或实验室，专注于可穿戴计算技术的研究，其在工业、军事等重要领域的研究成果不断见诸报道，国内也有多个大学、科研院所逐步进入了该研究领域。
近年来，随着电路材料、计算机制作工艺、结构设计等技术的飞速发展，可穿戴计算机在工业、军事领域的应用逐步走向实用化阶段，在可穿戴计算软件研究领域中则面临了较多的困难和挑战，主要反映在传统桌面计算模式下设计、开发的软件无法满足可穿戴计算应用需求，而移动计算、普适计算模式一方面和可穿戴计算模式存在特征差异，另一方面自身的软件支撑技术很多方面也还处于探索阶段，不能很好的为可穿戴计算软件研究提供支持。
鉴于上述分析，本文针对可穿戴计算技术在工业领域的应用，特别是针对企业工程技术人员作业任务辅助方面的应用，提出构建基于可穿戴计算的企业现场作业辅助系统(Enterprise On-siteTask Assistant System，EOTAS)，并围绕其开展可穿戴计算软件支撑关键技术研究。主要研究内容和创新之处可概况如下：
1．知晓车间实验原型的构建与上下文信息服务研究
企业移动作业的工程技术人员面临企业现场环境的复杂性和多变性，以及目标设备的技术复杂性等实际问题，其作业辅助需求同样存在复杂性和多变性等特征，给EOTAS构建带来了较大的困难和挑战。本文从企业现场信息空间基础结构入手，提出了一种新的概念——“知晓车间”，构建实验原型，归纳了企业现场作业辅助领域中的典型上下文类型，研究基于知晓车间的上下文信息服务，力图为实现上下文驱动的EOTAS构建模式提供高效的信息服务支持。重点研究了适合知晓车间应用需求的上下文知识表示和演化方法。
2．EOTAS结构描述和自主构建方法研究
知晓车间上下文驱动的EOTAS构建模式带来了EOTAS在结构上的特殊性，使得传统的软件系统结构描述方法不能很好的为EOTAS结构描述提供支持。本文针对典型的现场作业辅助应用需求开展原型软件系统研究，归纳出EOTAS典型的结构特征，研究EOTAS结构形式化描述方法，提出了一种新的扩展分层有色Petri网形式，进而以其为基础，提出了一种结合模型驱动架构、开放式服务平台规范和Petri网标识语言等的EOTAS自主构建方法。
3．EOTAS动态调度方法研究
为了避免EOTAS频繁的应用功能重构对系统实时性能和计算资源开销等的影响，需要在一定程度上扩展所构建的EOTAS功能集合，从而带来了现场辅助应用中的EOTAS动态调度需求。本文开展了EOTAS动态调度方法的相关研究，首先针对可穿戴计算所具备的自然人机交互形式基础，提出了一种基于多通道人机自然交互的可穿戴人机协同概念形式，并围绕其应用，提出了一种基于扩展模糊有色Petri网的EOTAS动态调度方法，从而能有效的应对动态调度过程面临的来自企业现场的不确定性和非结构化因素等的影响。
4．EOTAS应用实例研究
针对典型的企业现场设备测试、诊断和维修任务，构建EOTAS应用系统。总结了围绕EOTAS应用实例构建开展的上下文获取方法、上下文知识本体具体实现方法、EOTAS自主构建中的MEHCPN软件工具开发等工作。
5．EOTAS性能支撑关键技术研究
针对EOTAS知晓车间应用中的性能保障需求，包括实时性需求、可靠性评估需求、安全性和隐私保护需求等，研究面向知晓车间应用的上下文预测问题，提出了相关的领域知识表示和基于知识推理的上下文预测方法；结合可信计算相关研究成果，构建了适合EOTAS结构特征需求的可信性模型，给出了相关的可靠度计算方法等。
The idea of wearable computer had appeared early in the 1960s, and the real emergence of wearable computer was available in the 1980s. It broke through the bondage from the tranditional desktop computing model, and depicted a brand new computing pattern for the goal of "people-oriented and human-computer combined".
In the mid-1990s, with the strong support from the military institutions headed by United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research of wearable computing technology is progressing quickly drivend by the strength of military, industry and academe. Many famous and research institution of developed country set up special reseach center or laboratory for wearable computing research. The research production continues to be seen in these fields. Some domestic universities and research institues gradually moved into these research fields.
In recent years, the application of wearable computer in the industrial and military fields enters into a practical stage followed with the rapid development of circuit materials, manufacturing arts of computer, and structural design. Many difficulties and chanllenges came forth in research of wearable computing software. The reason mainly include two sides: Firstly, the feature differences exist between the wearable computing and mobile computing, pervasive computing; Secondly, the support software technology research of mobile computing and pervasice computing is still in exploration stage.
In view of the above analysis, according to the application of wearable computing in the industry field, the Enterprise On-site Task Assistant System (EOTAS) is presented in this paper, especially to the application of assistant to the personnel in manufacture fields. The work about some key software supporting technologies is discussed. The main contents include five parts as follows:
1. Construction of aware workshop experiment prototype and research of context information service.
Due to complexity and diversity character of enterprise task field, and the technical complexity of target equipment, the complexity of personnel's requirement, the information assistant requirement is also complex and diverse; bring great difficulties and challenges to the construction of EOTAS. In this paper, a new "Aware Workshop (AW)" concept is presented and defined, and an experiment prototype of AW is constructed. Based on AW, the context information service is researched, in order to provide hierarchical, open, complete and high efficient information service including knowledge acquirement, representation, storage, evolution and utilization. The context knowledge representation and evolution methods are mainly discussed.
2. Research of EOTAS structure description and autonomous construction methods.
The autonomous construction pattern of EOTAS drivened by AW context brings some special particularity of EOTAS structure, which weakens the support provided by trandition software system structure description method. In this paper, prototype software is developed to outline the EOTAS typical structure characters. The research work of EOTAS structure description method is discussed. Then, a new modular extended hierarchy colored Petri net (MEHCPN) is presented. Base on MEHCPN, the EOTAS autonomous construction methods is presented, which combine the Model Driven Architecture, Open Service Gateway Initiative and Petri Net Markup Language.
3. Research of EOTAS dynamic schedule method.
In orde to avoid the bad effect on the system real time performace and computing resource cost which the frequent EOTAS reconfiguration brings, need extend the function set of EOTAS, and then bring a new dynamic schedule requirement to EOTAS. In this paper, some research about EOTAS dynamic schedule method is discussed. At first, a new wearable human-computer collaboration concept formal is presented according to the multi-modal interaction on wearable computer. Then, EOTAS dynamic schedule method based on a new extended fuzzy colored Petri net (EFCPN) is presented, for the dealing with uncertainty and unstructured problem.
4. Research of EOTAS application.
According to the typical task about enterprise on-site equipment test, diagnosis and maintence, some EOTAS application system is build. Contents about the context acquisition methods, concrete implementation of context knowledge base and MEHCPN software toolkit development for EOTAS autonomous construction is discussed.
5. Research of EOTAS performance support technologies.
According to the requirement of performance guarantee, including real-time performance requirement, reliability evaluation requirement, security and privacy protect requirement, etc., the context prediction problem is discussed, and some domain knowledge description method and context prediction method base on knowledge reason is presented. Combined with some relevant work from trusted computing research field, a trusted model adapted to EOTAS structure character is build, and the computing method of reliability is discussed.
引文
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