中国制鞋业面临的欧盟反倾销及对策探讨
|
摘要
在加入WTO后的今天,中国与世界经济的联系越来越密切,中国市场和世界市场也将逐步融为一体。近几年我国的鞋类产量都居首位,并且是世界上最大的出口国。制鞋业是我国扩大出口和经济发展的重要行业,对扩展就业条件、增加国民收入和积累外汇,均有较大的贡献。经过多年拼搏,我国制鞋业取得了骄人的成绩,在全球鞋类市场上占有相当大的比例。但是,自从1998年欧盟对我国制鞋业开始有计划有目的的反倾销以来,我国的制鞋企业受到重重打击。
本文通过对我国制鞋业频遭欧盟反倾销的历程和影响的介绍,分析了欧盟对华反倾销的原因：欧盟认为中国鞋类企业未获得“市场经济地位”；欧方裁决对所有涉案企业实行统一税率,这种做法缺乏事实和法律依据；选择了不合适的替代国,也是欧盟应对中欧贸易不平衡局面的举措之一；为缓解政治上的压力,欧盟贸易保护主义抬头。同时,中国制鞋企业自身也存在诸多问题：出口企业数量过多,企业规模小,使得产品档次不高,竞争无序；没有自己的国际品牌,过多仿冒授人以柄；专业人才严重匮乏；出口市场单一；缺乏策略指导；应诉不力等原因。结合实证分析、数据分析等方法,并结合实际地提出了如下应对策略：从政府角度,建议中央政府应当扮演“企业保镖”和顾问的双重角色：引导企业进行区域品牌建设,实现资源共享；政府应承担巨额反倾销费用；政府应加快建立应对国外反倾销信息预警机制和国内出口产品信息预警机制；研发设计、人才培训等方面积极扶持；构建一个由政府支持,行业协会牵头,进出口商、厂商及有关利害关系方参加的鞋业协调委员会；加强与进口国政府、相关企业的交流,利用WTO有关策略争取市场经济地位。从行业角度：应该加强行业协会建设,发挥行业协会对外能统一行动和对内能统一个体的作用。从微观企业角度：全面提升我国制鞋业的国际竞争力水平,加强自主创新,提高产品技术含量,增加产品附加值,以低价取胜转向以质取胜；注重品牌；努力开拓市场,利用各种贸易方式灵活开展对外贸易；出口市场多元化,开发新兴出口市场,但不放弃老市场发展新兴市场；面对欧盟不断升级的反倾销调查,中国鞋企应积极应诉与抗辩。培养专业的人才等策略。以期望最终能够在应对欧盟反倾销调查中,我国制鞋企业和政府获得双赢,共同保持我国外贸出口的健康稳定发展。
Today, after joining the WTO, Integration between China and the world economy becomes more and more closely, China will gradually integrate with the world market. China is the world's largest producer and exporter of footwear, The footwear industry is important for Chinese economic development and expansion of exports, It also makes react contributions to job creation, people's income and the accumulation of foreign exchange. After years of hard work footwear, has made gratifying achievements in the local footwear market, a large share. The EU is Chinese second largest export market or footwear. However, since 1998 the EU's shoe-making enterprises in China began a planned anti-dumping, Giving big strike on Chinese shoe-making enterprise.
This paper analyzes the reasons for EU anti-dumping from the production of the footwear industry in China frequently by the EU anti-dumping process and the impact of the EU and China, The EU believes that the Chinese footwear enterprises have not been the "market economy status ", EU ruling on a unified tax rate for all enterprises involved in, This approach not lonely lacks factual and legal basis, choosing the wrong alternative, but also is one of the measures on the situation of EU-China trade imbalance. In order to alleviate the Political pressure, the EU political trade protectionism looks up. Meanwhile, there are many problems in Chinese shoe-making such as Excessive number of export enterprises. Small-scale enterprises, Which causes low quality, competition disorder. There are also other problems such as on international brand, counterfeit products which causing many abuses, severe shortage of professionals, single export market, lack of policy guidance, weak response to complaints etc. This paper combining the empirical analysis, data analysis and the reality, put forward the following coping strategies:from the point of Government,suggest that the central government should play the dual role of "corporate bodyguards" and consultant, guiding enterprises into the regional brand building area and resource sharing, Government should bear the huge cost of anti-dumping、establish the early warning mechanism of domestic exports、actively support in R & D、personnel training、establish a Footwear Coordination Committee that supported by the Government、leading by the industry association、stand in Importers and exporters manufacturers and related stakeholders strengthen cooperation with governments of importing countries、the exchange of related businesses. The strategy for using WTO market economy status、The Government should speed up the response to foreign anti-dumping information and establish early warning mechanism. From the industry point of view: China should strengthen the construction of industry associations、consistency of association should be strengthened, Industry associations play an important role in a unity of action of external and internal coordination. From the perspective of micro-enterprise、China should enhance the international competitiveness of the footwear industry standards、strengthen the independent innovation、improve the technological content of products、increase the value-added products、win the Market by High-quality instead of Low price、focus on brand、Make efforts to develop new markets、Make flexible use of trade to carry out foreign trade、diversification of export markets、not only development of new export markets、but do not give up the old market、develop emerging markets, facing the escalating the EU anti-dumping investigations, Chinese shoe enterprises should actively respond and contradict. professional personnel training strategy, looking forward to finally shoe-making enterprises and government manipulation be able to win-win in responding on EU anti-dumping investigation, keep the healthy development of Chinese exports together.
本文通过对我国制鞋业频遭欧盟反倾销的历程和影响的介绍,分析了欧盟对华反倾销的原因：欧盟认为中国鞋类企业未获得“市场经济地位”；欧方裁决对所有涉案企业实行统一税率,这种做法缺乏事实和法律依据；选择了不合适的替代国,也是欧盟应对中欧贸易不平衡局面的举措之一；为缓解政治上的压力,欧盟贸易保护主义抬头。同时,中国制鞋企业自身也存在诸多问题：出口企业数量过多,企业规模小,使得产品档次不高,竞争无序；没有自己的国际品牌,过多仿冒授人以柄；专业人才严重匮乏；出口市场单一；缺乏策略指导；应诉不力等原因。结合实证分析、数据分析等方法,并结合实际地提出了如下应对策略：从政府角度,建议中央政府应当扮演“企业保镖”和顾问的双重角色：引导企业进行区域品牌建设,实现资源共享；政府应承担巨额反倾销费用；政府应加快建立应对国外反倾销信息预警机制和国内出口产品信息预警机制；研发设计、人才培训等方面积极扶持；构建一个由政府支持,行业协会牵头,进出口商、厂商及有关利害关系方参加的鞋业协调委员会；加强与进口国政府、相关企业的交流,利用WTO有关策略争取市场经济地位。从行业角度：应该加强行业协会建设,发挥行业协会对外能统一行动和对内能统一个体的作用。从微观企业角度：全面提升我国制鞋业的国际竞争力水平,加强自主创新,提高产品技术含量,增加产品附加值,以低价取胜转向以质取胜；注重品牌；努力开拓市场,利用各种贸易方式灵活开展对外贸易；出口市场多元化,开发新兴出口市场,但不放弃老市场发展新兴市场；面对欧盟不断升级的反倾销调查,中国鞋企应积极应诉与抗辩。培养专业的人才等策略。以期望最终能够在应对欧盟反倾销调查中,我国制鞋企业和政府获得双赢,共同保持我国外贸出口的健康稳定发展。
Today, after joining the WTO, Integration between China and the world economy becomes more and more closely, China will gradually integrate with the world market. China is the world's largest producer and exporter of footwear, The footwear industry is important for Chinese economic development and expansion of exports, It also makes react contributions to job creation, people's income and the accumulation of foreign exchange. After years of hard work footwear, has made gratifying achievements in the local footwear market, a large share. The EU is Chinese second largest export market or footwear. However, since 1998 the EU's shoe-making enterprises in China began a planned anti-dumping, Giving big strike on Chinese shoe-making enterprise.
This paper analyzes the reasons for EU anti-dumping from the production of the footwear industry in China frequently by the EU anti-dumping process and the impact of the EU and China, The EU believes that the Chinese footwear enterprises have not been the "market economy status ", EU ruling on a unified tax rate for all enterprises involved in, This approach not lonely lacks factual and legal basis, choosing the wrong alternative, but also is one of the measures on the situation of EU-China trade imbalance. In order to alleviate the Political pressure, the EU political trade protectionism looks up. Meanwhile, there are many problems in Chinese shoe-making such as Excessive number of export enterprises. Small-scale enterprises, Which causes low quality, competition disorder. There are also other problems such as on international brand, counterfeit products which causing many abuses, severe shortage of professionals, single export market, lack of policy guidance, weak response to complaints etc. This paper combining the empirical analysis, data analysis and the reality, put forward the following coping strategies:from the point of Government,suggest that the central government should play the dual role of "corporate bodyguards" and consultant, guiding enterprises into the regional brand building area and resource sharing, Government should bear the huge cost of anti-dumping、establish the early warning mechanism of domestic exports、actively support in R & D、personnel training、establish a Footwear Coordination Committee that supported by the Government、leading by the industry association、stand in Importers and exporters manufacturers and related stakeholders strengthen cooperation with governments of importing countries、the exchange of related businesses. The strategy for using WTO market economy status、The Government should speed up the response to foreign anti-dumping information and establish early warning mechanism. From the industry point of view: China should strengthen the construction of industry associations、consistency of association should be strengthened, Industry associations play an important role in a unity of action of external and internal coordination. From the perspective of micro-enterprise、China should enhance the international competitiveness of the footwear industry standards、strengthen the independent innovation、improve the technological content of products、increase the value-added products、win the Market by High-quality instead of Low price、focus on brand、Make efforts to develop new markets、Make flexible use of trade to carry out foreign trade、diversification of export markets、not only development of new export markets、but do not give up the old market、develop emerging markets, facing the escalating the EU anti-dumping investigations, Chinese shoe enterprises should actively respond and contradict. professional personnel training strategy, looking forward to finally shoe-making enterprises and government manipulation be able to win-win in responding on EU anti-dumping investigation, keep the healthy development of Chinese exports together.
引文
①段国蕊.国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009(2)：18-19
①余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案：将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006(11)：54-56
①潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009(1)：184-185
②顾春梅；李秀梅.温州鞋业应对欧洲贸易壁垒的5R模型[J].经济与管理,2007(10)：53-57
①潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009(1)：184-185
①李晓霞.我国企业如何应对欧盟的反倾销——基于欧盟对我国制鞋业实施反倾销的分析[N].现代经济,2008(1)：68-69
骆林勇.浙江鞋业贸易争端成因探析[N].浙江经济,2006年(12)：60-61
①戴晓云,徐海俊.我国制鞋业屡遭欧盟反倾销的对策思考[J].特区经济,2008(3)：227-228
董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化,2008(6)：23-24
①陈国雄.中国鞋业遭遇出口技术贸易壁垒的成因和对策[N].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(3)：37-38
[1]Thomas J. Prusa & Susan Skeath, (2001)" The Economic and Strategic Motives for Antidumping Filings," NBER Working Paper, w8424.
[2]Kara M. Reynolds, "Dumping on U.S. Farmers:Are There Biases in Global Antidumping Regulation," American University Working Paper Series.
[3]Bruce A. Blonigen & Thomas J. Prusa, (2001)"Antidumping," NBER Working Paper 8398.
[4]Chad P. Bown, (2006) "The WTO and Antidumping in Developing Countries,"The World Bank Working Paper, wps4014.
[5]Michael M. Knetter & Thomas J. Prusa, (2003) "Macroeconomic Factors and Antidumping Filings:Evidence from Four Countries," Journal of International Economics 61:1-18.
[6]Robert M. Feinberg & Kara Olsan, (2004)The Spread of Antidumping Regimes and the Role of Retaliation in Filings," Econpapers.
[7]Thomas J.Prusa, (1999)"On the Spread and Impact of Antidumping", NBERWorking Paper w7404.
[8]Simon Holmes,"Anti-Circumvention under the European Union's Nes Anti-dumping Rules " Journal of WorldTrade,Vol.29,No.3,1995,p.162.
[9]Holmes Simon, Anti — circumvention under the European Union'5 newanti— duping rules.[J]Journal of World Trade, Jun 95, Vol.29.
[10]Vermulst Edwin:Wear Paul, The Post — Uruguay Round EC anti-dumpingregulations.[J] Journal of World Trade, Apr 95, Vol.29.
[11]Komuro Norio, US anti — circumvention measures and GATT rules.[J]Journal of World Trade, Jun94, Vol.28.
[12]Kleinfeld George:Gay lor Diane, Circumvention of antidumping and ountervailing duty orders through minor alterationsin[J]Journal of World Trade, Feb94, Vol.28.71
[13]段国蕊.国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009—2
[14]马争朝.中国鞋遭遇欧盟反倾销的研究——从政府视角出发的分析[N].兰州 商学院学报,2007—6
[15]戴晓云,徐海俊.我国制鞋业屡遭欧盟反倾销的对策思考[J].特区经济,2008—3
[16]张乐,王林义.“中国鞋”欧盟艰难求生[N].嘹望新闻周刊,2006—11
[17]顾春梅；李秀梅.温州鞋业应对欧洲贸易壁垒的5R模型[J].经济与管理,2007—10
[18]余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案：将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006—11
[19]郭文月.欧盟对华反倾销原因与对策分析[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2007—4
[20]李晓霞.在“反倾销”中突围的森达鞋业[J].大经贸,2008—3
[21]孙万欣.从会计角度论欧盟对我国制鞋业的反倾销[J].特区经济,2007—3
[22]孙铮,刘浩.反倾销会计研究中的若干问题辩析[J].会计研究,2009—5
[23]余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006—7
[24]李晓霞.我国企业如何应对欧盟的反倾销——基于欧盟对我国制鞋业实施反倾销的分析[N].现代经济,2008—7
[25]祁小华.温州鞋业应对反倾销的策略[J].商业经济.2009—-4
[26]董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化.2008—6
[27]严广.温州行业协会在反倾销应诉中的作用研究[D].同济大学硕士论文.2008—5
[28]陈岩.欧盟“日落复审”与中国鞋业出口的对策分析[J].中国经贸,2009—3
[29]金杜.中国企业在贸易纠纷中学习成长[N].南方都市报,2006—5
[30]汪小星.欧盟大棒砸向中国400万制鞋工人[N].南方都市报,2007—6
[31]温耀庆.中国外经贸热点问题研究[M].上海交通大学出版.2005年第一版
[32]我鞋类企业应对欧盟反倾销初裁策略分析[J].中华服装网.2006—5
[33]赵伟管,汉晖.中国彩电企业遭受美国反倾销诉讼的原因和对策分析[J].国际贸易问题,2004—8
[34]谢作云.我国鞋业建遇反倾销的探讨[J].商业现代化,2006—8
[35]闫海.延长反倾销实施期限[J].国际贸易,2004—10
[36]赵爱玲.逆差不会影响欧中贸易发展[J].中国对外贸易,2005—4
[37]秦鹏.环境保护下的贸易限制[J].国际贸易,2005—6
[38]吴艳辉.我国制鞋企业国际营销策略分析[D]. CNKI.2008—5
[39]毛群英.中国鞋业直面欧盟反倾销[J].学术交流,2007—8
[40]全球鞋业通讯.北京中国轻工工艺进出口商会,2006—8
[41]钟鑫.两年博弈中国鞋业反倾销战役初现转机[N].中国贸易报.2008—9
[42]全毅.我国鞋类出口面临的贸易壁垒及对策[J].国际经贸探索,2006—3
[43]朱钟棣、鲍晓华.反倾销措施对产业的关联影响[J].经济研究,2004—11
[44]杨仕辉.反倾销的国际比较、博弈与我国的对策[M].科学出版社,2005—5
[45]潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009—1—8
[46]骆林勇.浙江鞋业贸易争端成因探析[N].浙江经济,2006—12
[47]董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化,2008—-6
[48]陈国雄.中国鞋业遭遇出口技术贸易壁垒的成因和对策[N].黑龙江对外经贸,2009—3
[49]王晓非.欧盟对华反倾销实践中的不合理因素及对策选择[N].党政干部学刊,2006—3
[50]王学君.欧盟对我国提出反倾销的原因及对策初探[J].企业活力,2009—3
[51]李小平.欧盟对中国的反倾销分析[J].经济纵横,2010—3
[52]张汉林.著反倾销热点剖析,人民出版社[M].2004—9
[53]百度http://www.baidu.com
[54]新浪网http://www.sina.com.cn
[55]在线国际商报http://ibdaily.mofcom.gov.cn
[56]中国贸易救济信息网http://www.cacs.gov.cn
[57]中国知网http://cnki.net
[58]中华人民共和国国家统计局http://www.ststs.gov.cn
[59]中华人民共和国海关总署http://www.customs.gov.cn
[60]中华人民共和国商务部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn22
①余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案：将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006(11)：54-56
①潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009(1)：184-185
②顾春梅；李秀梅.温州鞋业应对欧洲贸易壁垒的5R模型[J].经济与管理,2007(10)：53-57
①潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009(1)：184-185
①李晓霞.我国企业如何应对欧盟的反倾销——基于欧盟对我国制鞋业实施反倾销的分析[N].现代经济,2008(1)：68-69
骆林勇.浙江鞋业贸易争端成因探析[N].浙江经济,2006年(12)：60-61
①戴晓云,徐海俊.我国制鞋业屡遭欧盟反倾销的对策思考[J].特区经济,2008(3)：227-228
董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化,2008(6)：23-24
①陈国雄.中国鞋业遭遇出口技术贸易壁垒的成因和对策[N].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(3)：37-38
[1]Thomas J. Prusa & Susan Skeath, (2001)" The Economic and Strategic Motives for Antidumping Filings," NBER Working Paper, w8424.
[2]Kara M. Reynolds, "Dumping on U.S. Farmers:Are There Biases in Global Antidumping Regulation," American University Working Paper Series.
[3]Bruce A. Blonigen & Thomas J. Prusa, (2001)"Antidumping," NBER Working Paper 8398.
[4]Chad P. Bown, (2006) "The WTO and Antidumping in Developing Countries,"The World Bank Working Paper, wps4014.
[5]Michael M. Knetter & Thomas J. Prusa, (2003) "Macroeconomic Factors and Antidumping Filings:Evidence from Four Countries," Journal of International Economics 61:1-18.
[6]Robert M. Feinberg & Kara Olsan, (2004)The Spread of Antidumping Regimes and the Role of Retaliation in Filings," Econpapers.
[7]Thomas J.Prusa, (1999)"On the Spread and Impact of Antidumping", NBERWorking Paper w7404.
[8]Simon Holmes,"Anti-Circumvention under the European Union's Nes Anti-dumping Rules " Journal of WorldTrade,Vol.29,No.3,1995,p.162.
[9]Holmes Simon, Anti — circumvention under the European Union'5 newanti— duping rules.[J]Journal of World Trade, Jun 95, Vol.29.
[10]Vermulst Edwin:Wear Paul, The Post — Uruguay Round EC anti-dumpingregulations.[J] Journal of World Trade, Apr 95, Vol.29.
[11]Komuro Norio, US anti — circumvention measures and GATT rules.[J]Journal of World Trade, Jun94, Vol.28.
[12]Kleinfeld George:Gay lor Diane, Circumvention of antidumping and ountervailing duty orders through minor alterationsin[J]Journal of World Trade, Feb94, Vol.28.71
[13]段国蕊.国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009—2
[14]马争朝.中国鞋遭遇欧盟反倾销的研究——从政府视角出发的分析[N].兰州 商学院学报,2007—6
[15]戴晓云,徐海俊.我国制鞋业屡遭欧盟反倾销的对策思考[J].特区经济,2008—3
[16]张乐,王林义.“中国鞋”欧盟艰难求生[N].嘹望新闻周刊,2006—11
[17]顾春梅；李秀梅.温州鞋业应对欧洲贸易壁垒的5R模型[J].经济与管理,2007—10
[18]余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案：将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006—11
[19]郭文月.欧盟对华反倾销原因与对策分析[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2007—4
[20]李晓霞.在“反倾销”中突围的森达鞋业[J].大经贸,2008—3
[21]孙万欣.从会计角度论欧盟对我国制鞋业的反倾销[J].特区经济,2007—3
[22]孙铮,刘浩.反倾销会计研究中的若干问题辩析[J].会计研究,2009—5
[23]余盛兴.欧盟皮鞋反倾销调查案将抗辩进行到底?[N].WTO经济导刊,2006—7
[24]李晓霞.我国企业如何应对欧盟的反倾销——基于欧盟对我国制鞋业实施反倾销的分析[N].现代经济,2008—7
[25]祁小华.温州鞋业应对反倾销的策略[J].商业经济.2009—-4
[26]董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化.2008—6
[27]严广.温州行业协会在反倾销应诉中的作用研究[D].同济大学硕士论文.2008—5
[28]陈岩.欧盟“日落复审”与中国鞋业出口的对策分析[J].中国经贸,2009—3
[29]金杜.中国企业在贸易纠纷中学习成长[N].南方都市报,2006—5
[30]汪小星.欧盟大棒砸向中国400万制鞋工人[N].南方都市报,2007—6
[31]温耀庆.中国外经贸热点问题研究[M].上海交通大学出版.2005年第一版
[32]我鞋类企业应对欧盟反倾销初裁策略分析[J].中华服装网.2006—5
[33]赵伟管,汉晖.中国彩电企业遭受美国反倾销诉讼的原因和对策分析[J].国际贸易问题,2004—8
[34]谢作云.我国鞋业建遇反倾销的探讨[J].商业现代化,2006—8
[35]闫海.延长反倾销实施期限[J].国际贸易,2004—10
[36]赵爱玲.逆差不会影响欧中贸易发展[J].中国对外贸易,2005—4
[37]秦鹏.环境保护下的贸易限制[J].国际贸易,2005—6
[38]吴艳辉.我国制鞋企业国际营销策略分析[D]. CNKI.2008—5
[39]毛群英.中国鞋业直面欧盟反倾销[J].学术交流,2007—8
[40]全球鞋业通讯.北京中国轻工工艺进出口商会,2006—8
[41]钟鑫.两年博弈中国鞋业反倾销战役初现转机[N].中国贸易报.2008—9
[42]全毅.我国鞋类出口面临的贸易壁垒及对策[J].国际经贸探索,2006—3
[43]朱钟棣、鲍晓华.反倾销措施对产业的关联影响[J].经济研究,2004—11
[44]杨仕辉.反倾销的国际比较、博弈与我国的对策[M].科学出版社,2005—5
[45]潘茜茜.温州中小型鞋业的发展现状及战略性思考[J].现代商业,2009—1—8
[46]骆林勇.浙江鞋业贸易争端成因探析[N].浙江经济,2006—12
[47]董宏坤.温州皮鞋企业应对欧盟反倾销措施分析[J].商场现代化,2008—-6
[48]陈国雄.中国鞋业遭遇出口技术贸易壁垒的成因和对策[N].黑龙江对外经贸,2009—3
[49]王晓非.欧盟对华反倾销实践中的不合理因素及对策选择[N].党政干部学刊,2006—3
[50]王学君.欧盟对我国提出反倾销的原因及对策初探[J].企业活力,2009—3
[51]李小平.欧盟对中国的反倾销分析[J].经济纵横,2010—3
[52]张汉林.著反倾销热点剖析,人民出版社[M].2004—9
[53]百度http://www.baidu.com
[54]新浪网http://www.sina.com.cn
[55]在线国际商报http://ibdaily.mofcom.gov.cn
[56]中国贸易救济信息网http://www.cacs.gov.cn
[57]中国知网http://cnki.net
[58]中华人民共和国国家统计局http://www.ststs.gov.cn
[59]中华人民共和国海关总署http://www.customs.gov.cn
[60]中华人民共和国商务部http://www.mofcom.gov.cn22