企业自主创新的模式与机制研究
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摘要
创新活动对于国民经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。企业作为市场经济的细胞,应当成为自主创新的主体,在我国转变经济增长方式,提升经济结构,建设创新型国家的过程中发挥关键作用。然而,由于多方面的原因,我国企业自主创新能力不足,突出表现在研发投入低、后续创新环节跟不上、创新机制不完善、缺乏企业家精神等方面。我国企业自主创新能力的不足已经大大地制约了我国企业的国际竞争力。
     企业的自主创新能力与研发投入及其他创新环节投入有关,但更重要的是企业采用什么样的自主创新模式与机制。恰当的自主创新模式能充分发挥企业现有的能力,利用企业现有的资源为企业创造效益。有效的创新机制能充分调动企业员工的积极性,避免创新工作中的失误。
     本文研究了企业自主创新中模式与机制问题。基于对自主创新提出背景的分析,对自主创新进行了重新定义,依据不同的标准对自主创新进行了分类,指出自主创新的特点是以企业为主体、高风险、高投入、长周期、高回报、政府支持性、内生性。
     本文研究了企业自主创新的影响因素,指出国家创新系统、政府的创新政策、知识产权保护环境、金融支持体系、技术市场、人才市场、市场竞争特征、技术发展趋势与阶段是企业自主创新的外部影响因素,而研究开发能力、生产制造能力、市场营销能力、创新资源投入能力、创新组织管理能力、创新文化与企业家精神是企业自主创新的内部影响因素。第四章还分析了企业自主创新项目的组织形式。
     本文分析了企业自主技术创新的三种模式以及内外部影响因素对三种自主技术创新模式的影响。提出了自主技术创新模式的定性选择原则,并用模糊综合评判法实现了自主技术创新模式的定量选择。最后分析了供应链企业合作创新的动机、意义,深入探讨了供应链企业合作创新的模式。在企业自主创新机制的方面,本文探讨了企业自主创新的动力机制、激励机制、风险防范机制以及知识产权保护机制。
     本文分析了企业自主技术创新能力构成,提出了自主技术创新能力评价指标体系,并建立了各指标的评分标准,确定了使用层次分析法和灰色关联分析法相结合的创新能力评价方法。本文还分析了创新活动的影响与绩效预测问题,建立了企业自主创新项目绩效预测指标体系及相应的各指标评分标准。最后,运用本文提出的相关理论,针对金鹭公司的实际情况进行了实证研究。
Innovation is an key impelling force to national economy. As the cell of marketeconomy, enterprise should be the mainstay of self-innovation and play a significantrole in the process of changing the pattern of economic growth, upgrading economicstructure and constructing innovative country. However, because of various reasons,domestic enterprises only have limited self-innovation ability, which is manifested inlow research and development investment, insufficiency of other innovation section,imperfect innovation mechanism and absence of entrepreneurship. The limitedself-innovation ability has greatly restricted domestic enterprises' internationalcompetitiveness.
     Although the research and development and other innovation section investmentare beneficial to enterprises' self-innovation ability, the innovation model andmechanism play a more important role. Proper innovation model can fully exertenterprises' present ability and resources and gain more benefit. Effective innovationmechanism can largely fire employee's enthusiasm and avoid mistake.
     This dissertation aims to research the model and mechanism of self-innovation.Based on the analysis on background of self-innovation's being put forward,self-innovation is redefined and classified. Self-innovation's characteristic is pointedout, which is high risk, high investment, long period, high return,government-correlation and endogenesis.
     The influence factors of self-innovation is deeply investigated. It is pointed outthat the nation innovation system, government's innovation policy, intellectualproperty right protection environment, financial support system, technology market,talent market, market structure, technological stage and trend are the externalinfluence factors and research and development ability, manufacturing ability,marketing ability, innovation investment ability, innovation management ability,entrepreneurship and innovation culture are internal influence factors. The organizingform of self-innovation project is also analyzed.
     Three models of enterprises' technological self-innovation are analyzed and theinfluence of internal and external factors have been reviewed. Qualitative principles for model selection have been put forward. And the fuzzy synthesis judgment basedquantitative selection method has been designed. The incentives and meanings ofcooperative innovation among supply chain enterprises have been analyzed and thecooperation model is discussed.
     To realize the synthesis judgment of technological self-innovation ability, thecomponent of technological self-innovation ability has been investigated, thesynthesis judgment index system is established, the judgment standards of all indexeshave been put forward and synthesis judgment based on AHP and gray correlationanalysis is realized. The influence and performance forecasting of innovation is alsodiscussed and the performance forecasting index system and judgment standard is putforward.
     Finally, using the above theory, a case study of GESAC is carried out.
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