应急救灾物资集散地选择算法研究与系统实现
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摘要
我国是受各类灾害事件影响最为严重的国家之一,其灾害的特点主要表现在以下几个方面:灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失大。由于我国的国情,全国各地经济发展不平衡,东部与西部差异很大,许多地方由于灾害发生时信息不通达导致灾害损失变相增大。在自然灾害发生后,如何以最快、最合理的方式开展救援工作,最大限度的减少损失,是救灾工作实施中的核心环节,救灾是最紧迫的减灾方式。
本文根据实际救灾工作中的特点,在以往物资集散地选址以及物资调度的相关研究基础上,分析了关于应急物资集散地的选址问题,提出了不带物资储备库分布约束和带物资储备库分布约束的应急物资集散地选址的模型与算法,并且通过集散地选址的实例验证模型与算法的可行性。从救灾的实际过程出发,面对紧急的灾害事件,受灾点的物资需求都是多样的,灾害救助点很有可能也是多个,并且首先应该是在最短的允许时间内将救灾物资调运到现场,而成本与此目标相比要次之。它需要结合灾害发生时的现实情况做出最优决策,在对现有的关于物资调度的算法的研究基础上提出了一个多集散地、多物资和多物资储备库的物资调度模型与算法,尽可能的在最短的时间内将受灾点最迫切需要的物资送到,更加符合实际救灾过程中的需求,同样结合实例验证了算法的可行性。文章在最后总结目前工作中的不足,并对未来的工作做出了展望。
China is one of the countries which have the most serious natural disasters. Our natural disasters basically have the following characteristics, such as various, wide geographical distribution, high frequency, great losses and etc. As Chinese national conditions: uneven economic development across the country, many differences between East and West, so much area because of information not accessible result in the increase of disaster loss when disaster strikes. After a natural disaster, find the fastest, the most reasonable way to reduce the loss to a minimum is the core work in the actual process of relief work. Disaster rescue is the most urgent way to reduce the loss of the disaster.
Based on the characteristics of the actual relief work and the related study of collection and distribution centre selecting and material dispatching in the past, this paper analyzes the problem of collection and distribution centre selecting and propound models and algorithms with material storage distributing as restriction and without this restriction. The algorithms have been validated to be feasible through the examples of collection and distribution centre selecting. In front of disaster, proceeding from the actual process of disaster relief which considers the needs of materials are various, disaster relief point is more likely multiple, and the time which allows relief material being transported to the area is more important than the cost of transportation. Based on the existing research on the material dispatching, according to the reality of the disaster rescue, this paper propound a model of multi-collection-and-distribution-centre, multi-material, multi-material-storage which aims the shortest time of the transportation. As the same, this model has proved its feasibility. At the end, this paper concludes the lack of the current work, and makes the prospect of future work.
本文根据实际救灾工作中的特点,在以往物资集散地选址以及物资调度的相关研究基础上,分析了关于应急物资集散地的选址问题,提出了不带物资储备库分布约束和带物资储备库分布约束的应急物资集散地选址的模型与算法,并且通过集散地选址的实例验证模型与算法的可行性。从救灾的实际过程出发,面对紧急的灾害事件,受灾点的物资需求都是多样的,灾害救助点很有可能也是多个,并且首先应该是在最短的允许时间内将救灾物资调运到现场,而成本与此目标相比要次之。它需要结合灾害发生时的现实情况做出最优决策,在对现有的关于物资调度的算法的研究基础上提出了一个多集散地、多物资和多物资储备库的物资调度模型与算法,尽可能的在最短的时间内将受灾点最迫切需要的物资送到,更加符合实际救灾过程中的需求,同样结合实例验证了算法的可行性。文章在最后总结目前工作中的不足,并对未来的工作做出了展望。
China is one of the countries which have the most serious natural disasters. Our natural disasters basically have the following characteristics, such as various, wide geographical distribution, high frequency, great losses and etc. As Chinese national conditions: uneven economic development across the country, many differences between East and West, so much area because of information not accessible result in the increase of disaster loss when disaster strikes. After a natural disaster, find the fastest, the most reasonable way to reduce the loss to a minimum is the core work in the actual process of relief work. Disaster rescue is the most urgent way to reduce the loss of the disaster.
Based on the characteristics of the actual relief work and the related study of collection and distribution centre selecting and material dispatching in the past, this paper analyzes the problem of collection and distribution centre selecting and propound models and algorithms with material storage distributing as restriction and without this restriction. The algorithms have been validated to be feasible through the examples of collection and distribution centre selecting. In front of disaster, proceeding from the actual process of disaster relief which considers the needs of materials are various, disaster relief point is more likely multiple, and the time which allows relief material being transported to the area is more important than the cost of transportation. Based on the existing research on the material dispatching, according to the reality of the disaster rescue, this paper propound a model of multi-collection-and-distribution-centre, multi-material, multi-material-storage which aims the shortest time of the transportation. As the same, this model has proved its feasibility. At the end, this paper concludes the lack of the current work, and makes the prospect of future work.
引文
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[42]张学敏. GIS环境下的动态交通最优路径算法研究.中南大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[43]唐伟勤.大规模突发事件应急物资调度基本模型研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文,2009.
[44]王波.基于均衡选择的应急物资调度决策模型研究.北京航天航空大学硕士论文,2010.
[45]欧建军,刘宏志,李文正.基于进化策略的消防应急救援决策[J].软件导刊,2010(3).
[46]张文越,刘宏志,李文正.一种基于Min—Min算法改进的网格任务调度算法[J].信息与电脑,2009(11).
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[56]刘巍,崔莉.基于蚁群算法的传感器网络节点部署设计[J].通信学报,2009,30(10):24-33
[2] Daskin, Stem.A hierarchical objective set covering model for emergency medical service Vehicle deployment[J].Transportation Science,1981(15):137-152.
[3] Marvin, B.Mandell. Covering models for two-tiered emergency service systems[J].Location Science,1998(6):355-368.
[4]陈志宗,尤建新.重大突发事件应急救援设施选址的多目标决策模型.管理科学,2006年第19卷第4期.
[5]刘丽娜,刘宏志.基于GIS的区域应急物流中心选址模型研究.软件导刊, 2010年l0月,第9卷第10期.
[6]董艳萍.基于模糊层次分析法的物流配送中心选址研究.科技创业月刊,2010年第10期.
[7]陈立伟,唐权华.基于蚁群算法的离散救援问题出救点选址研究.计算机应用研究,2010年11月,第27卷第11期.
[8]陈文俊,尤高升,席泽东.遗传算法在中央储备库选址问题中的应用.科技信息,高校理科研究.
[9]徐克林,陈慈波.基于PSO的物流节点选址模型研究.物流技术,2010年9月刊(总第224期).
[10] Ali haghani, Sei-chang.O.1996.Formulation and Solution of a Multi-commodity, Multi-modal Network Flow Model for Disaster Relief Operations. Transpn.Res(30):231-250.
[11] Linet Ozdamar,Ediz Ekinci.2004.Emergency Logistics Planning in Natural Disasters. Annals of Operations Research:217-245.
[12] Fiedrich F, Gehbauer F, Rickers U.2000.Optimized Resource Allocation for Emergency Response after Earthquake Disasters .Safety Science(30):41-57.
[13] Gulay, Barbarosoglu, Linet Ozdamar, Ahmet Cevik.2002.An Interactive Approach for HierarchicalAnalysis of Helicopter Logistics in Disaster Relief Operations. European Journal of Operational.
[14] Konstantinos G, Zografos, Konstantinos, N Androutopoulos, George M Vasilakis.2002.A Real-time Decision Support System for Roadway Network Response Logistics. Transportation Research Part C,(10):1-18.
[15]刘春林.紧急物资调度的模型与方法研究[D].东南大学博士论文,南京,2000.
[16]何建敏,刘春林.限制期条件下应急车辆调度问题的模糊优化方法[J].控制与决策,2001年03期.
[17]姜金贵,梁静国.基于粒子群优化算法的应急资源调度研究.统计与决策[期刊论文],2009(2).
[18]李连宏,王永军,李俊峰等.多资源非恒定消耗应急调度优化模型研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2006,26(15):157-160.
[19]方磊,何建敏.给定限期条件下的应急系统优化选址模型及算法[J].管理工程学报,2004,18(l):48-51.
[20]方磊,何建敏.城市应急系统优化选址决策模型和算法[J].管理科学学报,2005, 8(l):12~16.
[21]方磊,何建敏.应急系统优化选址的模型及其算法[J].系统工程学报,2003, 18(l):49~54.
[22]何建敏,刘春林,曹杰等.应急管理与应急系统—选址、调度与算法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[23] Drezner,Z.HamacherH.W. Facility Location Applications and Theory[M].Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2002: 81-150.
[24] FiorucciP, GaetaniF, MinciardiR, TrasforiniE. Natural Risk Assessment and Decision Planning for Disaster Mitigation [J]. Advances in Geosciences, 2005, 2 (May): 161-165.
[25] CurrentJ, MinH, SchillingD. Multi-objective Analysis of Facility Location Decisions[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1990,49(3): 295-307.
[26] Cohon J L. Multi-objective Programming and Planning [M].New York: Academic Press, 1978.
[27]袁庆达,陈旭梅,黎青松.基于“服务型”物流战略的p-centre选址问题研究[J].西南交通大学学报, 2001, 36(3): 250-253.
[28]陈守煜,熊德琪,赵瑛琪.多目标有约束模糊关系优选决策理论及在港口工程选址中的应用[J].系统工程理论与实践, 1995, 15(2): 41-48.
[29]欧阳安,肖维品.建设选址多目标决策及其解法[J].重庆建筑大学学报, 1999, 20(5): 39-45.
[30]陈驰,任爱珠.消防站布局优化的计算机方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 43(10): 1390-1393.
[31]常玉林,王炜.城市紧急服务系统优化选址模型[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2000, 20(2): 104-107.
[32]胡毓达.实用多目标最优化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1990.
[33]陈守煜.防洪调度多目标决策理论与模型[J].中国工程科学, 2000, 2(2): 47-52.
[34]高汝熹,罗守贵.大城市灾害事故综合管理模式研究[J].中国软科学, 2002, (3): 109-114.
[35]刘春林,盛昭瀚,何建敏.基于连续消耗应急系统的多出救点选择问题[J],管理工程学报11999,13 (3) :13 - 16.
[36]刘北林.应急救灾物资紧急调度问题研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2007年03期.
[37]徐玖平,李军.多目标决策的理论与方法[M].清华大学出版社,2005.
[38]黄金虎.应急物流系统若干关键技术的研究与实现[D].上海交通大学,2007.
[39]王世珍.多目标应急救援物资调度问题的研究.西安交通大学管理学院,610031.
[40]辜勇.面向重大突发事件的区域应急物资储备与调度研究.武汉理工大学博士论文,2009.
[41]宋军.多目标最优化的若干问题.南昌大学博士学位论文,2008.
[42]张学敏. GIS环境下的动态交通最优路径算法研究.中南大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[43]唐伟勤.大规模突发事件应急物资调度基本模型研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文,2009.
[44]王波.基于均衡选择的应急物资调度决策模型研究.北京航天航空大学硕士论文,2010.
[45]欧建军,刘宏志,李文正.基于进化策略的消防应急救援决策[J].软件导刊,2010(3).
[46]张文越,刘宏志,李文正.一种基于Min—Min算法改进的网格任务调度算法[J].信息与电脑,2009(11).
[47]严寒冰,刘迎春.基于GIS的城市道路网最短路径算法探讨[J].计算机学报,2000(2).
[48]汪定伟,张国祥.突发性灾害救援中心选址优化的模型与算法[J].东北大学学报,2005(10).
[49]陈曦,傅明.GIS环境下物流配送中心选址模型与算法研究[J].计算机技术与自动化,2001(4).
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