刈割+淹水治理互花米草技术对盐沼土壤的影响
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摘要
生物入侵(biological invasions)作为全球变化的一个重要组成部分,被认为是当前面临的三大环境问题之一,对当地生物多样性、生态系统稳定性和服务功能产生了严重影响。互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)作为生态工程植物于1995年被人工引种我国上海崇明东滩,现已大面积分布于崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区内,形成了大面积的单优势种群落,与本地种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)形成了强烈竞争,对当地生态系统造成严重危害。有效治理和控制外来物种互花米草,对维护崇明东滩自然保护区生物多样性具有重要的意义和必要性。
本研究在崇明东滩生态修复示范样地内,用化学分析测定的方法跟踪监测了2007年实施刈割+淹水治理互花米草技术后,盐沼土壤有机质、pH值、氯离子、重碳酸根、钙离子、镁离子和硫酸根离子含量的变化,以及2008年3月以后部分样区破堤排水后土壤各理化指标的变化,研究结果表明：
1)持续淹水可导致盐沼土壤有机质(TC)含量降低,盐沼土壤pH值、氯离子(Cl-)、重碳酸根(HC03-)、硫酸根(S042-)、钙镁离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)升高。而且持续淹水时间越长,对盐沼土壤产生的负面影响也越大。因此,在使用刈割+淹水作为治理互花米草的措施时,应在达到处理效果的基础上尽可能减少持续淹水时间,以降低对盐沼土壤环境的影响,以便为迅速、有效控制互花米草后修复受损湿地提供条件。
2)破堤排水恢复自然水文条件后,样地内盐沼土壤由于淹水所造成的负面影响逐步恢复,具体表现为土壤pH值、氯离子(Cl-)、重碳酸根(HC03-)、硫酸根(S042-)、钙镁离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)降低,土壤有机质(TC)含量升高,并接近对照。因此,解除淹水胁迫后,淹水对盐沼土壤产程的负面影响可逐渐恢复,且随自然恢复时间的延长其效果越明显。因此,采用淹水技术控制互花米草,达到控制效果后,应尽快恢复潮间带自然水文状况,促进受损盐沼土壤恢复。
Biological invasion, an important component of the global change, is considered as one of the three major environmental problems, and may profoundly afeect native biological diversity, ecosystem stability and service function. Since introduced into the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in 1995, Spartina alterniflora has rapidly expanded and seriously threatened the biological diversity there. To control and eradicate the exotic and invasive plant Spartina alterniflora is important and necessary for biodiversity conservation management.
In order to study the impact of a technique of cutting plus waterlogging to control S. alterniflora and drainage recovery on the physical and chemical properties of saltmarsh soils, this study was carried out to trace the change of the content of the organic matter, chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion, sulfate ion and pH value of the saltmarsh soils after performing a technique of cutting plus waterlogging and the recovery after apply the technique of drainage on a demonstration site to control Spartina alterniflora in the Chongming Dongtan nature reserve. The results showed:
1. Durative waterlogging could reduce contents of organic matter of the saltmarsh soils, while increase pH value, contents of chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion and sulfate ion of the saltmarsh soils. These impacts were enhanced with increasing duration of waterlogging. Therefore, to apply the integrated technique of cutting plus waterlogging for controlling S. alterniflora, it is necessary to reduce the duration of waterlogging that can provide a possible condition for effectively controlling S. alterniflora and restoration of the damaged wetlands.
2. The control measure of durative waterlogging could have a negative impact while such negative impact could be restored gradually after applying the technique of drainage recovery. Drainage recovery could increase contents of organic matter while reduce pH value, contents of chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion and sulfate ion of the saltmarsh soils. The results from the study indicated the negative impacts caused by durative waterlogging could be reduced gradually and these impacts were enhanced with increasing duration of drainage.
本研究在崇明东滩生态修复示范样地内,用化学分析测定的方法跟踪监测了2007年实施刈割+淹水治理互花米草技术后,盐沼土壤有机质、pH值、氯离子、重碳酸根、钙离子、镁离子和硫酸根离子含量的变化,以及2008年3月以后部分样区破堤排水后土壤各理化指标的变化,研究结果表明：
1)持续淹水可导致盐沼土壤有机质(TC)含量降低,盐沼土壤pH值、氯离子(Cl-)、重碳酸根(HC03-)、硫酸根(S042-)、钙镁离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)升高。而且持续淹水时间越长,对盐沼土壤产生的负面影响也越大。因此,在使用刈割+淹水作为治理互花米草的措施时,应在达到处理效果的基础上尽可能减少持续淹水时间,以降低对盐沼土壤环境的影响,以便为迅速、有效控制互花米草后修复受损湿地提供条件。
2)破堤排水恢复自然水文条件后,样地内盐沼土壤由于淹水所造成的负面影响逐步恢复,具体表现为土壤pH值、氯离子(Cl-)、重碳酸根(HC03-)、硫酸根(S042-)、钙镁离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)降低,土壤有机质(TC)含量升高,并接近对照。因此,解除淹水胁迫后,淹水对盐沼土壤产程的负面影响可逐渐恢复,且随自然恢复时间的延长其效果越明显。因此,采用淹水技术控制互花米草,达到控制效果后,应尽快恢复潮间带自然水文状况,促进受损盐沼土壤恢复。
Biological invasion, an important component of the global change, is considered as one of the three major environmental problems, and may profoundly afeect native biological diversity, ecosystem stability and service function. Since introduced into the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in 1995, Spartina alterniflora has rapidly expanded and seriously threatened the biological diversity there. To control and eradicate the exotic and invasive plant Spartina alterniflora is important and necessary for biodiversity conservation management.
In order to study the impact of a technique of cutting plus waterlogging to control S. alterniflora and drainage recovery on the physical and chemical properties of saltmarsh soils, this study was carried out to trace the change of the content of the organic matter, chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion, sulfate ion and pH value of the saltmarsh soils after performing a technique of cutting plus waterlogging and the recovery after apply the technique of drainage on a demonstration site to control Spartina alterniflora in the Chongming Dongtan nature reserve. The results showed:
1. Durative waterlogging could reduce contents of organic matter of the saltmarsh soils, while increase pH value, contents of chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion and sulfate ion of the saltmarsh soils. These impacts were enhanced with increasing duration of waterlogging. Therefore, to apply the integrated technique of cutting plus waterlogging for controlling S. alterniflora, it is necessary to reduce the duration of waterlogging that can provide a possible condition for effectively controlling S. alterniflora and restoration of the damaged wetlands.
2. The control measure of durative waterlogging could have a negative impact while such negative impact could be restored gradually after applying the technique of drainage recovery. Drainage recovery could increase contents of organic matter while reduce pH value, contents of chloridion, bicarbonate ion, calcium ion, magnesian ion and sulfate ion of the saltmarsh soils. The results from the study indicated the negative impacts caused by durative waterlogging could be reduced gradually and these impacts were enhanced with increasing duration of drainage.
引文
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