声定位系统及其数字信号处理技术的研究
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摘要
智能雷弹是防御超低空飞行的武装直升机的重要武器系统，而被动声探测技术是其关键技术，本文结合“九·五”国防预研项目“反直升机智能雷弹声复合引信技术”的研究，对空间目标声定位算法和风对被动声定位的影响及如何对这种影响进行修正进行了深入分析，并在此基础上设计了DSP软件系统。
本文介绍了被动声定位的原理及空间声定位的算法，推导出了被动声定位公式，并利用声程差组合改进了被动声定位公式，提高了定位的精度。重点讨论了风对于被动声定位所造成的影响，并在此基础上推导出了修正后的定位公式，并进行了计算机仿真计算，对修正前后进行了对比分析，得到了比较满意的结果。
为满足被动声定位技术的实时性和精确性的要求，本系统采用了TI公司的TMS320C32浮点DSP芯片作为计算用CPU，对DSP的存储区进行了扩展，完成了被动声探测系统的DSP软件设计。该软件运行稳定，且满足精度和时间要求。
运用模式识别的理论，研究对目标特征提取和识别的方法。探讨了利用神经网络技术进行目标识别的方法。
The intelligent mine will be the most important weapon system to defend arming helicopter hedgehopping in future war. Passive acoustic detection technology is the key technology. With the researching of the national defence pre-researching project which is the research of acoustics compound fuse of anti-helicopter intelligent mine, this paper presents acoustic localization algorithm and discusses the affect of wind to the localization, then a method of how to correct the affect of wind has been studied, upon this a DSP software system has been designed.
The paper introduced the theory of passive acoustic localization and the algorithm of space acoustic localization. By use of combined acoustic path difference, the paper amended the passive acoustic localization formula and improved the accuracy of localization. The affect of wind to the localization was discussed specially, upon which a new formula was deduced, and we have tested this new formula by use of computer simulation, which has given a satisfied result.
In order to satisfy the need of real time and accuracy of the passive acoustic localization technology, we use TMS320C32 (DSP) which produced by TI company as computing CPU, RAM & ROM of DSP had been extended largely. A whole software system of the passive acoustics detection system has been worked out. The software can satisfy the need of time and accuracy simultaneously, and worked stably.
By using pattern recognition theory, we studied target characteristics extract and recognition, as well as neural net recognition algorithm.
本文介绍了被动声定位的原理及空间声定位的算法，推导出了被动声定位公式，并利用声程差组合改进了被动声定位公式，提高了定位的精度。重点讨论了风对于被动声定位所造成的影响，并在此基础上推导出了修正后的定位公式，并进行了计算机仿真计算，对修正前后进行了对比分析，得到了比较满意的结果。
为满足被动声定位技术的实时性和精确性的要求，本系统采用了TI公司的TMS320C32浮点DSP芯片作为计算用CPU，对DSP的存储区进行了扩展，完成了被动声探测系统的DSP软件设计。该软件运行稳定，且满足精度和时间要求。
运用模式识别的理论，研究对目标特征提取和识别的方法。探讨了利用神经网络技术进行目标识别的方法。
The intelligent mine will be the most important weapon system to defend arming helicopter hedgehopping in future war. Passive acoustic detection technology is the key technology. With the researching of the national defence pre-researching project which is the research of acoustics compound fuse of anti-helicopter intelligent mine, this paper presents acoustic localization algorithm and discusses the affect of wind to the localization, then a method of how to correct the affect of wind has been studied, upon this a DSP software system has been designed.
The paper introduced the theory of passive acoustic localization and the algorithm of space acoustic localization. By use of combined acoustic path difference, the paper amended the passive acoustic localization formula and improved the accuracy of localization. The affect of wind to the localization was discussed specially, upon which a new formula was deduced, and we have tested this new formula by use of computer simulation, which has given a satisfied result.
In order to satisfy the need of real time and accuracy of the passive acoustic localization technology, we use TMS320C32 (DSP) which produced by TI company as computing CPU, RAM & ROM of DSP had been extended largely. A whole software system of the passive acoustics detection system has been worked out. The software can satisfy the need of time and accuracy simultaneously, and worked stably.
By using pattern recognition theory, we studied target characteristics extract and recognition, as well as neural net recognition algorithm.
引文
1 王彪，李世义．浅谈我国反直升机地雷系统的发展．华北工学院学报．1996(3)：236-250
2 孙传福．从海湾战争论发展防直升机地雷的必要性．工兵装备研究．1993(3)：29-33
3 王世一．数学信号处理．第二版北京：北京理工大学出版社，1997
4 胡广书．数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
5 贾云得，冷树林等．一种简易被动声直升机定位系统．北京理工大学学报．2000(3)338-342
6 董志荣，苗艳，李艳丽．目标定位和跟踪的卡尔曼滤波加BP神经网络的方法．火力与指挥控制．1998(1)：19-30
7 徐贵英．反直升机声引信的声传播问题．现代引信．1997(3)：38-41
8 祝龙石，庄志洪等．战场声目标噪声特性分析．现代引信．1996(2)57-61
9 石践，胡延平．被动声定位的一种时延模型．声学与电子工程．1997(3)9-11
10 姜小权．深海远程水声被动定位技术及方法研究．西北工业大学硕士论文，1994
11 吴喜录等．直升机目标定位系统分析．南京理工大学学报．1996(6)：521-524
12 钱进．一种实现目标定位与跟踪的新方法．声学技术．1996(3)：119-122
13 张元．被动声探测技术研究．南京理工大学博士论文，1996
14 张芳兰．TMS320C2XX用户指南．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
15 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1997
16 李刚．数字信号微处理器的原理及其开发应用．第一版．天津：天津大学出版社，2000
17 王念旭等．DSP基础与应用系统设计．第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
18 李国罡，石岩，胡昌振．被动声探测系统的时间延迟估计技术．现代引信1998(2)：17-22
19 祝龙石，庄志洪，丁庆海，路建伟．一种基于多点插的自适应时延估计．兵工学报．1998(3)：247-250
20 黄建人．基于声程差的多通道广义相关时延估计及其DSP实现．声学学报．1996(3):280-285
21 张元，陈庆生，程翔．声目标的自适应卡尔曼跟踪．弹道学报．1996(2)：1-4
22 晓军．基于神经网络的自适应滤波．现代引信．1995(2)：32-37
23 季茂荣，温蓉，王伟策．机动目标的噪声识别和定位系统的研究．应用声学．1997(1)：40-42
24 杨期鹤，曹年红，陆佶人．基于DSP的BP神经网络的硬件实现．信号处理．1998(2)：183-188
25 刘守生，丁勇，胡寿松．一种特征提取新方法．信号处理．1999(增刊)：73-76
26 孙建伟，谭惠民，胡昌振．直升机目标被动声跟踪算法及其仿真研究．1999(4)：357-360
27 李京华，田福乾等．基于子波变换和神经网络的直升机目标识别技术．现代引信．1998(1)；39-43
28 王文成．神经网络及其在汽车工程中的应用．第1版．北京．北京理工大学出版社，1998
29 从爽．面向MATLAB工具箱神经网络理论与应用．第1版．合肥．中国科学技术大学出版社，1998
30 C.X.Tan and Y.L.Ma. Rapid Direction Finding For Principal Source With Application to Underwater Sound. CH2954-6/91-0000-238. 1991.IEEE 238-241
31 Lindsay Kleeman and Roman Kuc. An Optimal Sonar Array for Target Location and Classification. 1050-4729/94. 1994 IEEE 3130-3135
32 Y. Xiang Yuan, G. Clifford Carter and Eric Salt. Correlation Among Time Difference of Arrival Estimator and Its Effect on Localization in a Mulfipath Environment. 0-7803-2431-5/95. 1995 IEEE 3163-3166
33 Giovanni Jacovitfi and Gaetano Scarano. Discrete Time Techniques for Time Delay Estimation. 1053-587X/93. 1993 IEEE 525-534
34 E.Thierry, E.Bataillou. erc Time Delay Estimation of Evoked Potentials by Generalized Cross-Correlation 07803-0785-2/925＄03.00 IEEE 2722-2723
35 Daniel Avitzour Time Delay Estimation at High Signal-to-Noise Ration 0018-9251/91/0300-0234 IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic
Systems Vol.27,No.2 March 1991 :234-237
36 Chan Y T, Towers J J. Passive localization from Doppler shift frequency mesurement[J]. IEEE Trans Signal Processing, 1992(40) : 471-486
37 TMS320C3X User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 2000
38 TMS320C3X User's Guide--General Purpose Applications. Texas Instruments, 2000
39 TMS320 Floating_Point Assembly Language Tools. Texas Instruments, 1997
2 孙传福．从海湾战争论发展防直升机地雷的必要性．工兵装备研究．1993(3)：29-33
3 王世一．数学信号处理．第二版北京：北京理工大学出版社，1997
4 胡广书．数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
5 贾云得，冷树林等．一种简易被动声直升机定位系统．北京理工大学学报．2000(3)338-342
6 董志荣，苗艳，李艳丽．目标定位和跟踪的卡尔曼滤波加BP神经网络的方法．火力与指挥控制．1998(1)：19-30
7 徐贵英．反直升机声引信的声传播问题．现代引信．1997(3)：38-41
8 祝龙石，庄志洪等．战场声目标噪声特性分析．现代引信．1996(2)57-61
9 石践，胡延平．被动声定位的一种时延模型．声学与电子工程．1997(3)9-11
10 姜小权．深海远程水声被动定位技术及方法研究．西北工业大学硕士论文，1994
11 吴喜录等．直升机目标定位系统分析．南京理工大学学报．1996(6)：521-524
12 钱进．一种实现目标定位与跟踪的新方法．声学技术．1996(3)：119-122
13 张元．被动声探测技术研究．南京理工大学博士论文，1996
14 张芳兰．TMS320C2XX用户指南．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
15 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1997
16 李刚．数字信号微处理器的原理及其开发应用．第一版．天津：天津大学出版社，2000
17 王念旭等．DSP基础与应用系统设计．第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
18 李国罡，石岩，胡昌振．被动声探测系统的时间延迟估计技术．现代引信1998(2)：17-22
19 祝龙石，庄志洪，丁庆海，路建伟．一种基于多点插的自适应时延估计．兵工学报．1998(3)：247-250
20 黄建人．基于声程差的多通道广义相关时延估计及其DSP实现．声学学报．1996(3):280-285
21 张元，陈庆生，程翔．声目标的自适应卡尔曼跟踪．弹道学报．1996(2)：1-4
22 晓军．基于神经网络的自适应滤波．现代引信．1995(2)：32-37
23 季茂荣，温蓉，王伟策．机动目标的噪声识别和定位系统的研究．应用声学．1997(1)：40-42
24 杨期鹤，曹年红，陆佶人．基于DSP的BP神经网络的硬件实现．信号处理．1998(2)：183-188
25 刘守生，丁勇，胡寿松．一种特征提取新方法．信号处理．1999(增刊)：73-76
26 孙建伟，谭惠民，胡昌振．直升机目标被动声跟踪算法及其仿真研究．1999(4)：357-360
27 李京华，田福乾等．基于子波变换和神经网络的直升机目标识别技术．现代引信．1998(1)；39-43
28 王文成．神经网络及其在汽车工程中的应用．第1版．北京．北京理工大学出版社，1998
29 从爽．面向MATLAB工具箱神经网络理论与应用．第1版．合肥．中国科学技术大学出版社，1998
30 C.X.Tan and Y.L.Ma. Rapid Direction Finding For Principal Source With Application to Underwater Sound. CH2954-6/91-0000-238. 1991.IEEE 238-241
31 Lindsay Kleeman and Roman Kuc. An Optimal Sonar Array for Target Location and Classification. 1050-4729/94. 1994 IEEE 3130-3135
32 Y. Xiang Yuan, G. Clifford Carter and Eric Salt. Correlation Among Time Difference of Arrival Estimator and Its Effect on Localization in a Mulfipath Environment. 0-7803-2431-5/95. 1995 IEEE 3163-3166
33 Giovanni Jacovitfi and Gaetano Scarano. Discrete Time Techniques for Time Delay Estimation. 1053-587X/93. 1993 IEEE 525-534
34 E.Thierry, E.Bataillou. erc Time Delay Estimation of Evoked Potentials by Generalized Cross-Correlation 07803-0785-2/925＄03.00 IEEE 2722-2723
35 Daniel Avitzour Time Delay Estimation at High Signal-to-Noise Ration 0018-9251/91/0300-0234 IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic
Systems Vol.27,No.2 March 1991 :234-237
36 Chan Y T, Towers J J. Passive localization from Doppler shift frequency mesurement[J]. IEEE Trans Signal Processing, 1992(40) : 471-486
37 TMS320C3X User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 2000
38 TMS320C3X User's Guide--General Purpose Applications. Texas Instruments, 2000
39 TMS320 Floating_Point Assembly Language Tools. Texas Instruments, 1997