反直升机雷系统研究及其集成
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摘要
武装直升机在现代战争夺取“近地制空权”作战中具有不可取代的地位与作用，智能雷弹则是防御超低空飞行的武装直升机的重要武器系统。本文在“十五”国防预研项目“智能雷弹引信技术”的研究基础之上，对预警模块进行了改进，并将预警、随动以及通信模块进行了集成。同时以窄带智能雷探测技术为基础，完成了声探测模块的软硬件设计。
文中介绍了对前期研究的预警模块进行的改进，并结合多门限过零率分析方法，编写了改进后的预警模块的软件算法程序。同时将改进后的预警模块与通信模块以及随动模块进行了集成，并完成了整体的软件设计。
为了能提高信噪比和抗干扰能力，本文介绍了窄带智能雷弹探测技术。根据窄带的原理，同时为满足实时性和高精度的要求，完成了以高性能浮点DSP芯片TMS320C6713为核心的声探测模块的电路设计。为了使系统上电之后能独立的运行，完成了系统二级Bootloader的开发，将软件代码烧写到了FLASH中，实现了系统的上电加载。
在系统软硬件设计完成的基础之上，进行了静态试验，并对试验数据进行了分析。
Arming helicopters play an indispensable role in the battle for air supremacy nearby the earth. The anti-helicopter mine will be the most important weapon system to defend arming helicopter hedgehopping in future war. Based on the research of the national defense pre-researching project-"The Fuse Technology of Smart Mine", the warning system has been improved, and the integration of the arming system, the servo system and the communication system has been finished. Also, the software and hardware designs of the passive acoustic detection system have been completed on the basis of sub-band algorithm.
Based on the previous research, the warning system is improved, and with the method of multi-threshold zero-cross ratio, the software of the improved warning system is finished. The integration of the improved arming system, the servo system and the communication system has been done, and the software of the integrated system has been completed.
In order to improve SNR and the anti-jamming ability, the detecting technology of anti-helicopter mine based on sub-band has been introduced. With the need of real-time and accuracy, high performance floating DSP is used as core processor and the circuit design of acoustic detection system has been completed. A second-level Bootloader has been created in order that the system can run solely after the system is electrified, and the code has been burned into the flash.
After the design of hardware and software, the static experiment has been done to test the performance of system, also the test data has been analyzed.
文中介绍了对前期研究的预警模块进行的改进，并结合多门限过零率分析方法，编写了改进后的预警模块的软件算法程序。同时将改进后的预警模块与通信模块以及随动模块进行了集成，并完成了整体的软件设计。
为了能提高信噪比和抗干扰能力，本文介绍了窄带智能雷弹探测技术。根据窄带的原理，同时为满足实时性和高精度的要求，完成了以高性能浮点DSP芯片TMS320C6713为核心的声探测模块的电路设计。为了使系统上电之后能独立的运行，完成了系统二级Bootloader的开发，将软件代码烧写到了FLASH中，实现了系统的上电加载。
在系统软硬件设计完成的基础之上，进行了静态试验，并对试验数据进行了分析。
Arming helicopters play an indispensable role in the battle for air supremacy nearby the earth. The anti-helicopter mine will be the most important weapon system to defend arming helicopter hedgehopping in future war. Based on the research of the national defense pre-researching project-"The Fuse Technology of Smart Mine", the warning system has been improved, and the integration of the arming system, the servo system and the communication system has been finished. Also, the software and hardware designs of the passive acoustic detection system have been completed on the basis of sub-band algorithm.
Based on the previous research, the warning system is improved, and with the method of multi-threshold zero-cross ratio, the software of the improved warning system is finished. The integration of the improved arming system, the servo system and the communication system has been done, and the software of the integrated system has been completed.
In order to improve SNR and the anti-jamming ability, the detecting technology of anti-helicopter mine based on sub-band has been introduced. With the need of real-time and accuracy, high performance floating DSP is used as core processor and the circuit design of acoustic detection system has been completed. A second-level Bootloader has been created in order that the system can run solely after the system is electrified, and the code has been burned into the flash.
After the design of hardware and software, the static experiment has been done to test the performance of system, also the test data has been analyzed.
引文
1．王彪，李世义．浅谈我国反直升机地雷系统的发展．华北工学院学报．1996(3)：236-250
2．杨亦春．反直升机智能雷弹复合声引信技术[博士论文]．南京理工大学，2000(1)
3．孙传福．从海湾战争论发展防直升机地雷的必要性．工兵装备研究．1993(3)：29-33
4. Greg Alan Caires. "The proliferation of sophisticated air-defense weapons, and why the U.S. Army's Comanche helicopter is uniquely suited to counter them.". Rotor & Wing Magazine. February 1999
5．张元．被动声探测技术研究—反直升机雷弹声引信跟踪与识别[博士论文]．南京理工大学，1996(4)
6. Anti-helicopter mine. DE4133543-AI
7. Anti-helicopter three-dimensioned working sensing mine. US5147977-A
8．兵工装备研究．1999，6
9．钱汉明．滑跑中的飞机声识别与定位技术研究[D]．中国人们解放军理工大学，博士学位论文，2003．4
10．陈华伟．低空目标声测被动定向技术研究[D]．西北工业大学，硕士论文，2002．1
11．徐正峰．反直升机智能雷随动系统设计[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
12．牟言斌．智能雷场引信技术-总体、预警、目标识别、通信[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
13．潘琢金，施国君．C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
14．李刚．与8051兼容的高性能、高速单片机—C8051FXXX[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
15．蒋毅成．智能雷弹预警及声探测系统技术研究[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2005．5
16. INA128/INA129. Precision Low Power INSTRUMENTAION AMPLIFIERS. BURR-BROWN, 1996
17. MAX274. 4th- and 8th- Order Continuous-Time Active Filters. MAXIM, 1997
18. AD526. Software Programmable Gain Amplifier. ANALOG DEVICE, 1999
19. C8051F000/1/2/5/6/7 Mixed-Signal 32KB ISP FLASH MCU Family. CYGNAL Integrated Products Incorporation, 2002
20. TMS320C6713, TMS320C671313 Floating-Point Digital Signal Processors (Rev. I). Texaslnstruments Incorporated, 2004
21．李方慧，王飞等．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用．第2版．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
22. TMS320C6000 DSP Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP) Reference Guide (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
23．刘向东．反直升机雷关键技术及雷群机理研究．[博士论文]．南京理工大学，2005．3
24．李朝青．无线发送／接收IC芯片及其数据通信技术选编．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社出版，2003
25. Product Specification. 2.4GHz single chip RF transceiver nRF2401. Nordic VLSI ASA
26．杨亦春，程翔等．声引信目标信号过零率分布研究．南京理工大学学报，2000(3)：249～250
27．易克初，田斌，付强．语音信号处理．北京：国防工业出版社．2000：54-58
28．冯刚，段其昌，张从力．一种多门限过零率前端检测理论的参数自优化方法研究．仪器仪表学报 2004年8月第25卷第4期增刊
29. SN74LV4066A Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
30．方胜良，余莉，顾有林．无线电引信干扰分析．电子对抗技术，1999．3：33-36
31．孙建伟．直升机目标被动声检测及跟踪技术研究[博士论文]，北京理工大学，1999．1．
32．李黠等．基于时延的被动声探测阵列综合仿真比较[J]．西安：探测与控制学报，2004，26(1)：57-60
33．曹国强．声定位系统及其数字信号处理技术的研究[D]．南京理工大学，2001
34．许占伟．基于DSP的被动声定位技术研究[D]．南京理工大学，2002
35．胡广书．数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现(第2版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
36．王世一．数字信号处理．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1997
37．刘明锋．基于DSP的被动声探测与信号处理[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
38．张鸿升．驻极体电容传声器专用管及噪声．微电子技术，2001，Vol．29 No．6：18-23
39. LTC6910-2 Digitally Controlled Programmable Gain Amplifier in SOT-23. LINEAR TECHNOLOGY, 2003
40. AD7865 Four-Channel, Simultaneous Sampling, Fast, 14-Bit ADC. ANALOG DEVICES, 2000
41. TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2000
42. TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide (Rev. B). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
43. SST39VF800A Datasheet. Silicon Storage Technology Incorporated, 2001
44. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory (Rev. A). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
45. MT48LC4M16A2-10 Datasheet. Micron Technology Inc, 2000
46. TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
47．王道宪．CPLD／FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发．北京：国防工业出版社，2003
48. EPM3128A Datasheet. Altera Corporation, ver2.0
49．侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
50．东方人华．MAX+PlusⅡ入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
51．褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
52．胡剑凌，徐盛．数字信号处理系统的应用和设计．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
53．江思敏，刘畅．TMS320C6000 DSP应用开发教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
54. 3-V to 6-V Input 3-A Output Synchronous-Buck PWM Switcher (Rev. E). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2005
55. Fast-Transient Response 3-A Low Dropout Voltage Regulators (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2002
56．徐盛，胡剑凌．数字信号处理器开发实践．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
57. TPS3825-33 Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
58. 2.5-V/3.3-V 16-BIT BUS TRANSCEIVERS WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1996
59．张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M]．北京：电子工业 出版社，2004
60．谢金明．高速数字电路设计与噪声控制技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
61. TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller Reference Guide (Rev. A). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
62. Creating a Second-level Bootloader for FLASH Bootloading onTMS320C6000 Platform with Code Composer Studio. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2004
63．尹勇，欧光军，关荣锋．DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
2．杨亦春．反直升机智能雷弹复合声引信技术[博士论文]．南京理工大学，2000(1)
3．孙传福．从海湾战争论发展防直升机地雷的必要性．工兵装备研究．1993(3)：29-33
4. Greg Alan Caires. "The proliferation of sophisticated air-defense weapons, and why the U.S. Army's Comanche helicopter is uniquely suited to counter them.". Rotor & Wing Magazine. February 1999
5．张元．被动声探测技术研究—反直升机雷弹声引信跟踪与识别[博士论文]．南京理工大学，1996(4)
6. Anti-helicopter mine. DE4133543-AI
7. Anti-helicopter three-dimensioned working sensing mine. US5147977-A
8．兵工装备研究．1999，6
9．钱汉明．滑跑中的飞机声识别与定位技术研究[D]．中国人们解放军理工大学，博士学位论文，2003．4
10．陈华伟．低空目标声测被动定向技术研究[D]．西北工业大学，硕士论文，2002．1
11．徐正峰．反直升机智能雷随动系统设计[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
12．牟言斌．智能雷场引信技术-总体、预警、目标识别、通信[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
13．潘琢金，施国君．C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
14．李刚．与8051兼容的高性能、高速单片机—C8051FXXX[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
15．蒋毅成．智能雷弹预警及声探测系统技术研究[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2005．5
16. INA128/INA129. Precision Low Power INSTRUMENTAION AMPLIFIERS. BURR-BROWN, 1996
17. MAX274. 4th- and 8th- Order Continuous-Time Active Filters. MAXIM, 1997
18. AD526. Software Programmable Gain Amplifier. ANALOG DEVICE, 1999
19. C8051F000/1/2/5/6/7 Mixed-Signal 32KB ISP FLASH MCU Family. CYGNAL Integrated Products Incorporation, 2002
20. TMS320C6713, TMS320C671313 Floating-Point Digital Signal Processors (Rev. I). Texaslnstruments Incorporated, 2004
21．李方慧，王飞等．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用．第2版．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
22. TMS320C6000 DSP Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP) Reference Guide (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
23．刘向东．反直升机雷关键技术及雷群机理研究．[博士论文]．南京理工大学，2005．3
24．李朝青．无线发送／接收IC芯片及其数据通信技术选编．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社出版，2003
25. Product Specification. 2.4GHz single chip RF transceiver nRF2401. Nordic VLSI ASA
26．杨亦春，程翔等．声引信目标信号过零率分布研究．南京理工大学学报，2000(3)：249～250
27．易克初，田斌，付强．语音信号处理．北京：国防工业出版社．2000：54-58
28．冯刚，段其昌，张从力．一种多门限过零率前端检测理论的参数自优化方法研究．仪器仪表学报 2004年8月第25卷第4期增刊
29. SN74LV4066A Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
30．方胜良，余莉，顾有林．无线电引信干扰分析．电子对抗技术，1999．3：33-36
31．孙建伟．直升机目标被动声检测及跟踪技术研究[博士论文]，北京理工大学，1999．1．
32．李黠等．基于时延的被动声探测阵列综合仿真比较[J]．西安：探测与控制学报，2004，26(1)：57-60
33．曹国强．声定位系统及其数字信号处理技术的研究[D]．南京理工大学，2001
34．许占伟．基于DSP的被动声定位技术研究[D]．南京理工大学，2002
35．胡广书．数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现(第2版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
36．王世一．数字信号处理．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1997
37．刘明锋．基于DSP的被动声探测与信号处理[硕士论文]．南京理工大学，2004．6
38．张鸿升．驻极体电容传声器专用管及噪声．微电子技术，2001，Vol．29 No．6：18-23
39. LTC6910-2 Digitally Controlled Programmable Gain Amplifier in SOT-23. LINEAR TECHNOLOGY, 2003
40. AD7865 Four-Channel, Simultaneous Sampling, Fast, 14-Bit ADC. ANALOG DEVICES, 2000
41. TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2000
42. TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide (Rev. B). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
43. SST39VF800A Datasheet. Silicon Storage Technology Incorporated, 2001
44. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory (Rev. A). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
45. MT48LC4M16A2-10 Datasheet. Micron Technology Inc, 2000
46. TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
47．王道宪．CPLD／FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发．北京：国防工业出版社，2003
48. EPM3128A Datasheet. Altera Corporation, ver2.0
49．侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
50．东方人华．MAX+PlusⅡ入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
51．褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
52．胡剑凌，徐盛．数字信号处理系统的应用和设计．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
53．江思敏，刘畅．TMS320C6000 DSP应用开发教程．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
54. 3-V to 6-V Input 3-A Output Synchronous-Buck PWM Switcher (Rev. E). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2005
55. Fast-Transient Response 3-A Low Dropout Voltage Regulators (Rev. D). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2002
56．徐盛，胡剑凌．数字信号处理器开发实践．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
57. TPS3825-33 Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
58. 2.5-V/3.3-V 16-BIT BUS TRANSCEIVERS WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1996
59．张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M]．北京：电子工业 出版社，2004
60．谢金明．高速数字电路设计与噪声控制技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
61. TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller Reference Guide (Rev. A). Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
62. Creating a Second-level Bootloader for FLASH Bootloading onTMS320C6000 Platform with Code Composer Studio. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2004
63．尹勇，欧光军，关荣锋．DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003