荆州市住房公积金运用中的几个问题研究
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摘要
住房公积金制度是我国重要的住房社会保障制度,单位和职工个人必须依制度履行缴存住房公积金的义务,职工个人缴存的住房公积金以及单位为其缴存的住房公积金,实行专户存储,归职工个人所有。住房公积金的使用首先应满足居民、尤其是中低收入居民对住房的购、建、住需要,从它的增值收益中提取住房公积金管理机构的管理费用和贷款风险准备金之后,其余部分应全部用于廉租住房建设。
这篇论文研究的是荆州市住房公积金运用中的问题,考察住房公积金运用效果的好坏,要看它在筹集、提供住房消费资金和廉租住房建设资金方面的效率高低,看它在提供住房社会保障方面的公平与否,看它在住房资金循环运动中的安全大小。效率、公平与安全,应该是住房公积金制度有效性的集中反映和基本要求,也应该是评价住房公积金制度有效性的主要方面。
因此,这篇论文研究的是荆州市住房公积金运用中的效率问题、公平问题及安全问题,并针对目前存在的问题,研究问题产生的原因,提出解决的对策。住房公积金制度在解决荆州市中低收入家庭住房条件与促进住房消费中发挥了重要作用,但通过对荆州市2006年住房公积金制度运行情况计算、分析,可以看到荆州市住房公积金制度运行中仍存在一些不容忽视的问题:缴存覆盖面低、使用率低、缴存归集不及时、缴存额度差异大;贷款享受面窄、额度小、环节多;增值收益分配与管理不规范;住房公积金运行体制尚未完全理顺;挤占挪用住房公积金等。产生这些问题的原因很多,但都与住房公积金制度及相关管理、监督制度中的缺陷有关。从政府引导、监督、管理的角度深化制度改革,是解决问题的关键。论文主张,通过扩大公积金个人住房贷款率、提高住房公积金使用率来提高住房公积金运用的效率性;从机制上对公平缺陷进行有效调整来提高住房公积金运用的公平性;建立信息披露制度、严厉的责任追究制度等来提高住房公积金运用的安全性。
Housing accumulation fund system (the system) is an important social housing guaranty system. Companies and workers should pay housing accumulation fund (the fund) together and it must be saved in special accounts, but it is belonged to individuals only. The fund should be firstly used to meet citizens’need especially low income families to buy houses or construct houses or have place to live, then to extract the fund management organization management cost and provisions of risk, the surplus must be used to construct houses at low price and low rent totally.
This thesis studies on problems of the fund operation in Jingzhou city. To appraise the operation of the fund is whether sound should focus on the efficiency in gathering, supplying for housing consume and constructing houses at low price and low rent. It is also needed to focus on the impartiality in supplying social housing guaranty and safety in operation. Efficiency, impartiality and safety should be the intensive reflection and basic requirement of the system’s efficiency; they also should be the main aspects of appraising the system’s efficiency.
Therefore, this thesis studies on efficiency issues, impartiality issues and safety issues of the fund operation in Jingzhou city. Though the system contributed a lot in improving low income families’living condition and housing consume, there are many problems in operation. By calculating and analyzing the fund operation in 2006, we can find the fund can not be gathered in time, difference between the quantities is huge; individual housing loan ratio is low, the quantity can be loaned is low, either; distribution and management of rise in value is not standard; the system is not perfect; using the fund illegally and so on. The reasons causes these problems are complex, however, they are all relevant to the defects of relevant systems. Reform the system deeply on government’s side is the key way to solve these problems. This thesis advocates by adopting some measures such as increasing individual housing loan ratio and raising the utilization ratio of the fund to enhance the efficiency ; adjusting the defects of mechanism to enhance the impartiality; establishing information publishing system and severe responsibility system to enhance the safety in operation.
这篇论文研究的是荆州市住房公积金运用中的问题,考察住房公积金运用效果的好坏,要看它在筹集、提供住房消费资金和廉租住房建设资金方面的效率高低,看它在提供住房社会保障方面的公平与否,看它在住房资金循环运动中的安全大小。效率、公平与安全,应该是住房公积金制度有效性的集中反映和基本要求,也应该是评价住房公积金制度有效性的主要方面。
因此,这篇论文研究的是荆州市住房公积金运用中的效率问题、公平问题及安全问题,并针对目前存在的问题,研究问题产生的原因,提出解决的对策。住房公积金制度在解决荆州市中低收入家庭住房条件与促进住房消费中发挥了重要作用,但通过对荆州市2006年住房公积金制度运行情况计算、分析,可以看到荆州市住房公积金制度运行中仍存在一些不容忽视的问题:缴存覆盖面低、使用率低、缴存归集不及时、缴存额度差异大;贷款享受面窄、额度小、环节多;增值收益分配与管理不规范;住房公积金运行体制尚未完全理顺;挤占挪用住房公积金等。产生这些问题的原因很多,但都与住房公积金制度及相关管理、监督制度中的缺陷有关。从政府引导、监督、管理的角度深化制度改革,是解决问题的关键。论文主张,通过扩大公积金个人住房贷款率、提高住房公积金使用率来提高住房公积金运用的效率性;从机制上对公平缺陷进行有效调整来提高住房公积金运用的公平性;建立信息披露制度、严厉的责任追究制度等来提高住房公积金运用的安全性。
Housing accumulation fund system (the system) is an important social housing guaranty system. Companies and workers should pay housing accumulation fund (the fund) together and it must be saved in special accounts, but it is belonged to individuals only. The fund should be firstly used to meet citizens’need especially low income families to buy houses or construct houses or have place to live, then to extract the fund management organization management cost and provisions of risk, the surplus must be used to construct houses at low price and low rent totally.
This thesis studies on problems of the fund operation in Jingzhou city. To appraise the operation of the fund is whether sound should focus on the efficiency in gathering, supplying for housing consume and constructing houses at low price and low rent. It is also needed to focus on the impartiality in supplying social housing guaranty and safety in operation. Efficiency, impartiality and safety should be the intensive reflection and basic requirement of the system’s efficiency; they also should be the main aspects of appraising the system’s efficiency.
Therefore, this thesis studies on efficiency issues, impartiality issues and safety issues of the fund operation in Jingzhou city. Though the system contributed a lot in improving low income families’living condition and housing consume, there are many problems in operation. By calculating and analyzing the fund operation in 2006, we can find the fund can not be gathered in time, difference between the quantities is huge; individual housing loan ratio is low, the quantity can be loaned is low, either; distribution and management of rise in value is not standard; the system is not perfect; using the fund illegally and so on. The reasons causes these problems are complex, however, they are all relevant to the defects of relevant systems. Reform the system deeply on government’s side is the key way to solve these problems. This thesis advocates by adopting some measures such as increasing individual housing loan ratio and raising the utilization ratio of the fund to enhance the efficiency ; adjusting the defects of mechanism to enhance the impartiality; establishing information publishing system and severe responsibility system to enhance the safety in operation.
引文
[1] 荆州住房公积金管理中心关于 2006 年住房公积金管理工作的自评报告.荆金管[2007]01 号
[2] 住房公积金管理条例.国务院第 350 号令,2002 年修订
[3] 荆州市县市区管理制度汇编.荆州市住房公积金管理中心编印,2005.12
[4] 田伟.浅析住房公积金管理工作中的几个问题.西安金融,2006(8):74
[5] 进一步加强和规范我市住房公积金管理工作.荆州市住房公积金管理中心文件,荆金管[2006]27 号
[6] 梁硕.创新运作使用机制发展住房公积金制度.中国房地产金融,2004(8):26-28
[7] 肖尧,林忠.委托代理理论与住房公积金的运行管理.中国房地产金融,2000(2):31-33
[8] 王建宇.住房公积金行政执法的难点及对策.中国房地产金融,2007(4):25-27
[9] 张达梅.住房公积金制度的公平缺失与调整.江淮论坛,2006(1):43-46
[10] 郭乐琴,章涛.对舟山市住房公积金运行情况的调查.上海金融,2002(5):44-45
[11] 陈淑云,王志彬.我国现行住房公积金制度存在的问题及解决思路.经济师,2007(2):52-53
[12] 沈君,孙卓华.公平与效率理论在社会主义市场经济中的应用.齐齐哈尔师范学院院报,2007(4):15-16
[13] 王庆伦.住房公积金风险分析与防范研究[学位论文].中国海洋大学,2006:50-51
[14] 许付科.住房公积金制度存在的问题与解决对策.住房制度改革,2003(7):37-40
[15] 陈向萍.住房公积金管理模式变革设想.住房公积金管理,2005(4):73-74
[16] 颜哲.论我国住房公积金制度的完善.重庆建筑大学学报(社科版),2000(1):42-46
[17] 姚珍珍.中国公共住房政策模式研究.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[18] 刘清华.中国住房公积金制度研究.成都:四川人民出版社,2003
[19] 金光灿.新加坡中央公积金与中国住房公积金.长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998
[20] 王洪卫等.中国住房金融:资金筹措与风险防范机制.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2001
[21] 程殊,王重志.我国住房公积金制度演进历程.决策与信息,2006(1):42-43
[22] 侯西安.对住房公积金提取中有关问题的思考.问题与思考,2006(3):44-45
[23] 建设部,财政部,中国人民银行关于住房公积金管理若干具体问题的指导意见.部门规章及规章性文件,2005(12):15-18
[24] 孙令军.德国住房保障和住房金融的借鉴与启示.国外房地产,2006(9):78-80
[25] 李勇辉,修泽睿.我国城镇住房制度改革对收入分配影响分析.当代经济研究,2005(5):32-35
[26] 陈黄强.浅谈如何完善住房公积金的管理.中国房地产,2OO2,(1):89-90
[27] 张璟. 运用住房公积金购买国债的操作及管理.住房制度改革,2003,(10):36-37
[28] 胡文政.细说住房公积金之弊.中国房地信息,2006(2):7-9
[29] 李锋.试析住房公积金贷款品种创新.金融投资,2004(6):37-39
[30] 缪燕燕.论住房公积金的风险防范.经济与管理,2004(9):72-74
[31] 何昕.当前住房公积金贷款存在的问题及其对策.福建财会管理干部学院学报,2004(2):12-14
[32] 童学琼.对当前住房公积金管理问题的思考.中国房地产金融,2006(2):38-40
[33] 李俊.我国住房公积金是如何陷入困境的.中国房地信息,2006(2):18-19
[34] 胡郁.如何当好住房公积金的家.科技论坛,2006(5):77
[35] 郭迎.完善收入分配制度促进和谐社会建设.福建理论学习,2007(2):36-38
[36] 井深.考量住房公积金资金流动性偏小时的指标选择.住房公积金,2007(5):58-59
[37] Douglas B. Journal of Housing Research: Housing Finance in Developed Countries.1995, 6(2):71-78
[38] Harlore M. The People’s Home: Social Housing in Europe & America. Oxford Blackwell.1999, 21(7):60-70
[39] Masaaki Komai. Vacancy and the Price Adjustment Mechanism for Housing Market in Japan.2001, 11(11):112-130
[40] Croom Helm. Housing Policy and Equality: a Comparative Study of Tenure. Lundquist Journal.2002, 23(5):98-114
[41] Harsman B. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Housing Markets and Housing Institutions: an International Comparison.2000, 4(21):47-55
[42] Ramin Keivani, Edmundo Werna. Habitat International: Refocusing the housing debate in developing countries from a pluralist perspective.2001, 12(6):212-225
[43] Loo Sim. International Journal for Housing Science and its Application: Planning and Design of Public Housing in Singapore.2003, 3(10):8-15
[44] Rob Atkinson ,Combating Social Exclusion in Europe: The New Urban Policy Challenge Urban Studies, 2000, 11(37):5-16
[45] Bin Zhou, Wendy Shaw. Financial transformation and portfolio reallocation: impacts on houses mortgage finance in the USA. Housing Studies, 2004, 19(12):207
[2] 住房公积金管理条例.国务院第 350 号令,2002 年修订
[3] 荆州市县市区管理制度汇编.荆州市住房公积金管理中心编印,2005.12
[4] 田伟.浅析住房公积金管理工作中的几个问题.西安金融,2006(8):74
[5] 进一步加强和规范我市住房公积金管理工作.荆州市住房公积金管理中心文件,荆金管[2006]27 号
[6] 梁硕.创新运作使用机制发展住房公积金制度.中国房地产金融,2004(8):26-28
[7] 肖尧,林忠.委托代理理论与住房公积金的运行管理.中国房地产金融,2000(2):31-33
[8] 王建宇.住房公积金行政执法的难点及对策.中国房地产金融,2007(4):25-27
[9] 张达梅.住房公积金制度的公平缺失与调整.江淮论坛,2006(1):43-46
[10] 郭乐琴,章涛.对舟山市住房公积金运行情况的调查.上海金融,2002(5):44-45
[11] 陈淑云,王志彬.我国现行住房公积金制度存在的问题及解决思路.经济师,2007(2):52-53
[12] 沈君,孙卓华.公平与效率理论在社会主义市场经济中的应用.齐齐哈尔师范学院院报,2007(4):15-16
[13] 王庆伦.住房公积金风险分析与防范研究[学位论文].中国海洋大学,2006:50-51
[14] 许付科.住房公积金制度存在的问题与解决对策.住房制度改革,2003(7):37-40
[15] 陈向萍.住房公积金管理模式变革设想.住房公积金管理,2005(4):73-74
[16] 颜哲.论我国住房公积金制度的完善.重庆建筑大学学报(社科版),2000(1):42-46
[17] 姚珍珍.中国公共住房政策模式研究.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[18] 刘清华.中国住房公积金制度研究.成都:四川人民出版社,2003
[19] 金光灿.新加坡中央公积金与中国住房公积金.长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998
[20] 王洪卫等.中国住房金融:资金筹措与风险防范机制.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2001
[21] 程殊,王重志.我国住房公积金制度演进历程.决策与信息,2006(1):42-43
[22] 侯西安.对住房公积金提取中有关问题的思考.问题与思考,2006(3):44-45
[23] 建设部,财政部,中国人民银行关于住房公积金管理若干具体问题的指导意见.部门规章及规章性文件,2005(12):15-18
[24] 孙令军.德国住房保障和住房金融的借鉴与启示.国外房地产,2006(9):78-80
[25] 李勇辉,修泽睿.我国城镇住房制度改革对收入分配影响分析.当代经济研究,2005(5):32-35
[26] 陈黄强.浅谈如何完善住房公积金的管理.中国房地产,2OO2,(1):89-90
[27] 张璟. 运用住房公积金购买国债的操作及管理.住房制度改革,2003,(10):36-37
[28] 胡文政.细说住房公积金之弊.中国房地信息,2006(2):7-9
[29] 李锋.试析住房公积金贷款品种创新.金融投资,2004(6):37-39
[30] 缪燕燕.论住房公积金的风险防范.经济与管理,2004(9):72-74
[31] 何昕.当前住房公积金贷款存在的问题及其对策.福建财会管理干部学院学报,2004(2):12-14
[32] 童学琼.对当前住房公积金管理问题的思考.中国房地产金融,2006(2):38-40
[33] 李俊.我国住房公积金是如何陷入困境的.中国房地信息,2006(2):18-19
[34] 胡郁.如何当好住房公积金的家.科技论坛,2006(5):77
[35] 郭迎.完善收入分配制度促进和谐社会建设.福建理论学习,2007(2):36-38
[36] 井深.考量住房公积金资金流动性偏小时的指标选择.住房公积金,2007(5):58-59
[37] Douglas B. Journal of Housing Research: Housing Finance in Developed Countries.1995, 6(2):71-78
[38] Harlore M. The People’s Home: Social Housing in Europe & America. Oxford Blackwell.1999, 21(7):60-70
[39] Masaaki Komai. Vacancy and the Price Adjustment Mechanism for Housing Market in Japan.2001, 11(11):112-130
[40] Croom Helm. Housing Policy and Equality: a Comparative Study of Tenure. Lundquist Journal.2002, 23(5):98-114
[41] Harsman B. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Housing Markets and Housing Institutions: an International Comparison.2000, 4(21):47-55
[42] Ramin Keivani, Edmundo Werna. Habitat International: Refocusing the housing debate in developing countries from a pluralist perspective.2001, 12(6):212-225
[43] Loo Sim. International Journal for Housing Science and its Application: Planning and Design of Public Housing in Singapore.2003, 3(10):8-15
[44] Rob Atkinson ,Combating Social Exclusion in Europe: The New Urban Policy Challenge Urban Studies, 2000, 11(37):5-16
[45] Bin Zhou, Wendy Shaw. Financial transformation and portfolio reallocation: impacts on houses mortgage finance in the USA. Housing Studies, 2004, 19(12):207