动静荷载下挡土墙土压力计算及相关问题研究
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摘要
本文主要研究了动静荷载下挡土墙土压力计算方法、极限状态下墙后滑动楔体的滑裂面形式,双层黏性填土的土压力计算方法、挡土墙稳定性分析等相关问题,并提出了相应的计算理论。
主要工作和创新成果包括：
1.基于平面滑裂面假设,考虑墙土间黏着力和填土的黏聚力,推导得出了黏性土和无黏性土的土压力计算公式。在经典朗肯和库仑土压力条件下将该公式退化对比,结果表明此方法包含了朗肯和库仑土压力理论的情况,可应用于较为复杂工程状况的土压力计算。
2.考虑墙后为双层黏性填土的情况,提出了一种可靠的地震土压力计算方法。在均质黏性土条件下,该公式可退化为均质土的土压力计算公式。通过算例将该方法的计算结果与工程实测值、分层法的计算结果进行分析对比,结果表明该方法与实测值较为吻合。通过分析研究得出结论,当墙后为无黏性填土时,可采用改进分层法计算土压力值；而当墙后为黏性填土时,分层法计算误差较大,应采用本文方法计算土压力值。
3.以微分单元法为基础,采用变分学原理对挡土墙后滑动楔体滑裂面的形状进行了研究,得到了滑裂面曲线的解析解,并提出了两种破坏模式下的土压力计算公式。分析讨论了墙土参数对曲面滑裂面下的主动土压力值的影响,可知填土的黏聚力和内摩擦角是影响土压力值的关键参数。
4.针对现有地震土压力计算方法的局限性与不足,采用拟动力学方法提出了地震土压力的计算公式,并分析土压力沿墙高的分布形式。通过参数分析,揭示了墙土参数及地震荷载加速度系数对土压力值及其分布的影响。在此基础上,提出了地震荷载下挡土墙抗滑动、抗倾覆稳定性安全系数的计算公式。
5.针对现有土压力传感器在测试刚性、半刚性荷载时的不足,研发了一种新型的应变梁式土压力传感器,着重介绍了该传感器的结构组成和工作原理,分析总结了该传感器的优点。通过室内荷载试验,对该土压力传感器的可行性、可靠度进行了初步检验。
本文提出的土压力计算理论是对已有理论的一个有益补充,基于本文的工作所得出的一些新方法、新结论可以用于指导挡土墙的稳定设计及抗震设计。
The studies on the calculation of seismic earth pressure under static and dynamic loads and the sliding surface of the rigid retaining wall under limit state are presented. The calculation method of earth pressure with multi-layered and the stability of the retaining wall under seismic loads are investigated, and corresponding calculative formulas are deduced.
The principal contents and original work are as follows:
1. Based on the sliding plane hypothesis, a formula is derived for the calculation of earth pressue with the consideration of the cohesion force on sliding plane and the adhesive force on interface of soil backfill and retaining wall. The formula can be degenerated to Coulomb's and Rankine's earth pressure expressions. Results show that the Coulomb's and Rankine's earth pressure expressions are the special case of the present solution. The earth pressure of complex condition can be calculated using the current formula.
2. A resonable formula is derived for the calculation of seismic active earth pressure on retaining wall with multi-layered cohesive soil backfill. The formula can be degenerated to the calculation formula of homogeneous backfill. The calculation results of present study are compared with those of improved layer method and measured values, and the results accorded well with the measuring results. The active earth pressure acting on retaining wall with granular soil can be calculated by the method of layer analysis, whereas, it is suggested to adopt the method proposed in this chapter to calculate the active force with cohesive soil backfill.
3. Based on the differential element method and variational principle, the sliding surface of the rigid retaining wall under active and passive conditions is studied, and the analyitc solution to the sliding surface curve is derived. The effects on the active earth pressure of the retaining wall and various parameters of the soil backfill with curved sliding surface are analyzed, revealing the the cohesion and internal friction angle of the backfill are the key factors determining the value of active force.
4. A modified pseudo-dynamic approach is proposed to overcome some shortage in method of seismic earth pressure calculation. The formulas are derived for the calculation of lateral earth pressure and total earth pressure under seismic condition by using pseudo-dynamic method. The effects of various parameters of retaining wall and backfill on the seismic earth pressure are explored. The formulas for the computation of safety factor against sliding and overturning are also presented by pseudo-dynamic analysis.
5. In view of the shortages of the existing sensor in testing rigid load and semi-rigid load, a new strain beam sensor is developed. The component structure and working principle of the new sensor is introduced, and the advantages of this new earth pressure sensor are summarized. The feasibility and reliability of the earth pressure sensor are examined by laboratory experiments.
The calculation theory for earth pressure of retaining wall presented in this paper is an useful supplement to existing theory. The new approach and new results presented in this paper can be used in stability and earthquake-resistance design of retaining wall.
主要工作和创新成果包括：
1.基于平面滑裂面假设,考虑墙土间黏着力和填土的黏聚力,推导得出了黏性土和无黏性土的土压力计算公式。在经典朗肯和库仑土压力条件下将该公式退化对比,结果表明此方法包含了朗肯和库仑土压力理论的情况,可应用于较为复杂工程状况的土压力计算。
2.考虑墙后为双层黏性填土的情况,提出了一种可靠的地震土压力计算方法。在均质黏性土条件下,该公式可退化为均质土的土压力计算公式。通过算例将该方法的计算结果与工程实测值、分层法的计算结果进行分析对比,结果表明该方法与实测值较为吻合。通过分析研究得出结论,当墙后为无黏性填土时,可采用改进分层法计算土压力值；而当墙后为黏性填土时,分层法计算误差较大,应采用本文方法计算土压力值。
3.以微分单元法为基础,采用变分学原理对挡土墙后滑动楔体滑裂面的形状进行了研究,得到了滑裂面曲线的解析解,并提出了两种破坏模式下的土压力计算公式。分析讨论了墙土参数对曲面滑裂面下的主动土压力值的影响,可知填土的黏聚力和内摩擦角是影响土压力值的关键参数。
4.针对现有地震土压力计算方法的局限性与不足,采用拟动力学方法提出了地震土压力的计算公式,并分析土压力沿墙高的分布形式。通过参数分析,揭示了墙土参数及地震荷载加速度系数对土压力值及其分布的影响。在此基础上,提出了地震荷载下挡土墙抗滑动、抗倾覆稳定性安全系数的计算公式。
5.针对现有土压力传感器在测试刚性、半刚性荷载时的不足,研发了一种新型的应变梁式土压力传感器,着重介绍了该传感器的结构组成和工作原理,分析总结了该传感器的优点。通过室内荷载试验,对该土压力传感器的可行性、可靠度进行了初步检验。
本文提出的土压力计算理论是对已有理论的一个有益补充,基于本文的工作所得出的一些新方法、新结论可以用于指导挡土墙的稳定设计及抗震设计。
The studies on the calculation of seismic earth pressure under static and dynamic loads and the sliding surface of the rigid retaining wall under limit state are presented. The calculation method of earth pressure with multi-layered and the stability of the retaining wall under seismic loads are investigated, and corresponding calculative formulas are deduced.
The principal contents and original work are as follows:
1. Based on the sliding plane hypothesis, a formula is derived for the calculation of earth pressue with the consideration of the cohesion force on sliding plane and the adhesive force on interface of soil backfill and retaining wall. The formula can be degenerated to Coulomb's and Rankine's earth pressure expressions. Results show that the Coulomb's and Rankine's earth pressure expressions are the special case of the present solution. The earth pressure of complex condition can be calculated using the current formula.
2. A resonable formula is derived for the calculation of seismic active earth pressure on retaining wall with multi-layered cohesive soil backfill. The formula can be degenerated to the calculation formula of homogeneous backfill. The calculation results of present study are compared with those of improved layer method and measured values, and the results accorded well with the measuring results. The active earth pressure acting on retaining wall with granular soil can be calculated by the method of layer analysis, whereas, it is suggested to adopt the method proposed in this chapter to calculate the active force with cohesive soil backfill.
3. Based on the differential element method and variational principle, the sliding surface of the rigid retaining wall under active and passive conditions is studied, and the analyitc solution to the sliding surface curve is derived. The effects on the active earth pressure of the retaining wall and various parameters of the soil backfill with curved sliding surface are analyzed, revealing the the cohesion and internal friction angle of the backfill are the key factors determining the value of active force.
4. A modified pseudo-dynamic approach is proposed to overcome some shortage in method of seismic earth pressure calculation. The formulas are derived for the calculation of lateral earth pressure and total earth pressure under seismic condition by using pseudo-dynamic method. The effects of various parameters of retaining wall and backfill on the seismic earth pressure are explored. The formulas for the computation of safety factor against sliding and overturning are also presented by pseudo-dynamic analysis.
5. In view of the shortages of the existing sensor in testing rigid load and semi-rigid load, a new strain beam sensor is developed. The component structure and working principle of the new sensor is introduced, and the advantages of this new earth pressure sensor are summarized. The feasibility and reliability of the earth pressure sensor are examined by laboratory experiments.
The calculation theory for earth pressure of retaining wall presented in this paper is an useful supplement to existing theory. The new approach and new results presented in this paper can be used in stability and earthquake-resistance design of retaining wall.
引文
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