SBR工艺处理含苯酚及氨氮废水的试验研究
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摘要
石油化工废水中由于同时含有苯酚和氨氮，废水处理难度较大。实验采用SBR工艺处理含苯酚及氨氮的模拟化工废水，通过探讨不同条件(如温度、溶解氧、pH、底物浓度)下苯酚和氨氮的降解规律以及活性污泥的沉降性能，确定了SBR工艺处理含苯酚及氨氮废水的最佳运行条件；研究了苯酚抑制生物硝化的规律。
试验结果表明：当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，DO浓度2.0～2.5mg／L，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，pH值8.5左右，曝气时间8h时，在15℃～20℃的范围内，苯酚的降解速率随温度升高而升高，温度超过20℃后其降解速率变化不大，且苯酚的去除率稳定在99％以上；在15℃～25℃的范围内，氨氮降解速率随温度的升高而升高，并且20℃时氨氮的去除率已达到83.6％，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下；20℃～25℃时的污泥沉降比(SV％)在26％以下，而15℃时SV％为45％。综合考虑苯酚和氨氮的降解情况，温度以20℃-25℃为宜。
当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，温度20℃～25℃，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，pH值8.5左右，曝气时间8h时，在DO浓度1.0～2.5mg／L的范围内，当DO＜2.0mg／L时，苯酚降解速率和氨氮降解速率随DO浓度的增大而升高，DO为2.0mg／L时苯酚和氨氮的去除率分别稳定在99％和90％以上；而DO＞2.0mg／L时苯酚和氨氮的降解速率及去除率则变化不大；DO浓度为2.0～2.5mg／L时，SV％在30％以下，污泥沉降性能良好。综合考虑DO浓度以2.0～2.5mg／L为宜。
当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，温度20℃-25℃，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，DO浓度2.0～2.5mg／L，曝气时间8h时，pH在7.3～8.1的范围内，苯酚的降解速率随pH值的增大而升高，苯酚的去除率由74.2％升高到99.9％；pH值超过8.1增大到8.7时，其降解速率随有所下降但变化不大，苯酚去除率是97.9％；pH值7.3～8.7范围内，氨氮降解速率随pH值的增大而升高，并且pH为8.1时氨氮的去除率已达到80.6％，出水氨氮浓度是12mg／L；pH值7.3～8.7的范围内，污泥沉降性良好，SV％都在34％以下，因而综合考虑pH值以8.1～8.7为宜。
在水温20～25℃左右，DO 2.0mg／L-2.5mg／L，MLSS 3000mg／L左右，pH 8.5左右时，随着苯酚浓度的增大，苯酚和氨氮降解所需时间逐渐延长，苯酚浓度增大到40mg／L时，氨氮的降解己很难进行，8小时内的去除率只有62.1％，此时的SV％是60％，活性污泥沉降性能严重变差。进水氨氮浓度的增大使硝化反应时间的延长，在同一时间内氨氮去除率的下降，但对苯酚降解的影响不大。
试验测定和理论计算得出苯酚对硝化的抑制率(苯酚对生物硝化的抑制程度，以硝化速率来计算)为50％时的苯酚质量浓度为19.7mg／L～21.1mg／L，抑制作用为75％时的苯酚质量浓度为34.45mg／L～40.15mg／L；苯酚对硝化过程的抑制属非竞争性抑制，是可逆的；有苯酚时温度对硝化速率的影响要大于无苯酚时温度对硝化速率的影响，因此，在苯酚存在下要达到无苯酚存在时相同的硝化速率应适当地提高温度。
Owing to containing phenol and ammonia, petrochemical sewage is quite difficult to be treated. The rules of phenol and ammonia degradation and the sludge settling property were discussed at the different conditions, such as the telnperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and substrate concentration in this article through the test of bio-treatment of sewage using SBR process. And the best operating conditions of phenol and ammonia degradation were determined. The rules of phenol inhibition to biological nitrification were also studied.
The results indicated that, when the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L with the DO, pH, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8.0～8.5, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of temperature was 15℃～20℃, phenol degradation rate increased with the temperature increased, and above 20℃, it changed little, and the phenol removal rate stabilized over 99％. At 15℃～25℃, ammonia degradation rate increased with the temperature increased, and the ammonia removal rate was 83.6％with the effluent concentration of ammonia was below 10mg/L. The SV％was 26％at 25℃and 45％at 15℃, so the sludge settling property at 25℃was better than that at 15℃. Considering the phenol and ammonia degradation, the best temperature was at 20℃～25℃.
With the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L with the temperature, pH, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 8.0～8.5, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of DO concentration was 1.0～2.5mg/L, and when DO＜2.0mg/L, phenol and ammonia degradation rate increased with the DO concentration increased, and phenol and ammonia removal rate stabilized over 99％; and 90％, and there was little change when DO was above 2.0mg/L. The sludge settling property was good with the SV％was below 30％at DO: 2.0～2.5mg/L. So the best DO concentration was at 2.0～2.5mg/L.
When the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L, with the temperature, DO, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of the pH was at 7.3～8.1, phenol degradation rate increased with the pH increased, and the phenol removal rate was from 74.2％to 99.9％, then it declined to 97.9％when the pH was at 8.7. And at pH: 7.3～8.7, ammonia degradation rate increased with the pH increased, and the ammonia removal rate was 80.6％with the effluent concentration of ammonia was below 12mg/L. The sludge settling property was better with the SV％was below 34％at pH: 7.3～8.7. So the best pH was about 8.1～8.7.
At the conditions of the temperature, DO, pH, and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8.0～8.5, and about 3000mg/L respectively, the time of phenol and ammonia degradation gradually extended with the influent concentration of phenol increased. The ammonia removal rate was only 62.1％at the influent concentration of phenol was 40mg/L, and the sludge settling property was bad with the SV％was 60％. The time of ammonia degradation extended and the ammonia removal rate declined if the influent concentrations of ammonia increased, but influent concentration of amlnonia had little impact on phenol degradation.
The phenol concentration was 19.7mg/L～21.1mg/L and 34.45mg/L～40.15mg/L if calculated in the nitrification inhibition formula under the condition that the extent of inhibition was about 50％and 75％respectively. Since the inhibition of phenol to nitrification was by nature not competitive and reversible, the inhibition could be eliminated without phenol. Furthermore, Nitrification rate were more sensitive to temperature change in phenol contained wastewater.
试验结果表明：当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，DO浓度2.0～2.5mg／L，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，pH值8.5左右，曝气时间8h时，在15℃～20℃的范围内，苯酚的降解速率随温度升高而升高，温度超过20℃后其降解速率变化不大，且苯酚的去除率稳定在99％以上；在15℃～25℃的范围内，氨氮降解速率随温度的升高而升高，并且20℃时氨氮的去除率已达到83.6％，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下；20℃～25℃时的污泥沉降比(SV％)在26％以下，而15℃时SV％为45％。综合考虑苯酚和氨氮的降解情况，温度以20℃-25℃为宜。
当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，温度20℃～25℃，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，pH值8.5左右，曝气时间8h时，在DO浓度1.0～2.5mg／L的范围内，当DO＜2.0mg／L时，苯酚降解速率和氨氮降解速率随DO浓度的增大而升高，DO为2.0mg／L时苯酚和氨氮的去除率分别稳定在99％和90％以上；而DO＞2.0mg／L时苯酚和氨氮的降解速率及去除率则变化不大；DO浓度为2.0～2.5mg／L时，SV％在30％以下，污泥沉降性能良好。综合考虑DO浓度以2.0～2.5mg／L为宜。
当进水苯酚浓度20mg／L左右，氨氮浓度60mg／L左右，温度20℃-25℃，污泥浓度3000mg／L左右，DO浓度2.0～2.5mg／L，曝气时间8h时，pH在7.3～8.1的范围内，苯酚的降解速率随pH值的增大而升高，苯酚的去除率由74.2％升高到99.9％；pH值超过8.1增大到8.7时，其降解速率随有所下降但变化不大，苯酚去除率是97.9％；pH值7.3～8.7范围内，氨氮降解速率随pH值的增大而升高，并且pH为8.1时氨氮的去除率已达到80.6％，出水氨氮浓度是12mg／L；pH值7.3～8.7的范围内，污泥沉降性良好，SV％都在34％以下，因而综合考虑pH值以8.1～8.7为宜。
在水温20～25℃左右，DO 2.0mg／L-2.5mg／L，MLSS 3000mg／L左右，pH 8.5左右时，随着苯酚浓度的增大，苯酚和氨氮降解所需时间逐渐延长，苯酚浓度增大到40mg／L时，氨氮的降解己很难进行，8小时内的去除率只有62.1％，此时的SV％是60％，活性污泥沉降性能严重变差。进水氨氮浓度的增大使硝化反应时间的延长，在同一时间内氨氮去除率的下降，但对苯酚降解的影响不大。
试验测定和理论计算得出苯酚对硝化的抑制率(苯酚对生物硝化的抑制程度，以硝化速率来计算)为50％时的苯酚质量浓度为19.7mg／L～21.1mg／L，抑制作用为75％时的苯酚质量浓度为34.45mg／L～40.15mg／L；苯酚对硝化过程的抑制属非竞争性抑制，是可逆的；有苯酚时温度对硝化速率的影响要大于无苯酚时温度对硝化速率的影响，因此，在苯酚存在下要达到无苯酚存在时相同的硝化速率应适当地提高温度。
Owing to containing phenol and ammonia, petrochemical sewage is quite difficult to be treated. The rules of phenol and ammonia degradation and the sludge settling property were discussed at the different conditions, such as the telnperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and substrate concentration in this article through the test of bio-treatment of sewage using SBR process. And the best operating conditions of phenol and ammonia degradation were determined. The rules of phenol inhibition to biological nitrification were also studied.
The results indicated that, when the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L with the DO, pH, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8.0～8.5, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of temperature was 15℃～20℃, phenol degradation rate increased with the temperature increased, and above 20℃, it changed little, and the phenol removal rate stabilized over 99％. At 15℃～25℃, ammonia degradation rate increased with the temperature increased, and the ammonia removal rate was 83.6％with the effluent concentration of ammonia was below 10mg/L. The SV％was 26％at 25℃and 45％at 15℃, so the sludge settling property at 25℃was better than that at 15℃. Considering the phenol and ammonia degradation, the best temperature was at 20℃～25℃.
With the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L with the temperature, pH, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 8.0～8.5, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of DO concentration was 1.0～2.5mg/L, and when DO＜2.0mg/L, phenol and ammonia degradation rate increased with the DO concentration increased, and phenol and ammonia removal rate stabilized over 99％; and 90％, and there was little change when DO was above 2.0mg/L. The sludge settling property was good with the SV％was below 30％at DO: 2.0～2.5mg/L. So the best DO concentration was at 2.0～2.5mg/L.
When the influent concentration of phenol and ammonia were about 21mg/L and 62mg/L, with the temperature, DO, aerobic time and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8h and about 3000mg/L respectively, at the conditions of the pH was at 7.3～8.1, phenol degradation rate increased with the pH increased, and the phenol removal rate was from 74.2％to 99.9％, then it declined to 97.9％when the pH was at 8.7. And at pH: 7.3～8.7, ammonia degradation rate increased with the pH increased, and the ammonia removal rate was 80.6％with the effluent concentration of ammonia was below 12mg/L. The sludge settling property was better with the SV％was below 34％at pH: 7.3～8.7. So the best pH was about 8.1～8.7.
At the conditions of the temperature, DO, pH, and the sludge concentration were 20℃～25℃, 2.0～2.5mg/L, 8.0～8.5, and about 3000mg/L respectively, the time of phenol and ammonia degradation gradually extended with the influent concentration of phenol increased. The ammonia removal rate was only 62.1％at the influent concentration of phenol was 40mg/L, and the sludge settling property was bad with the SV％was 60％. The time of ammonia degradation extended and the ammonia removal rate declined if the influent concentrations of ammonia increased, but influent concentration of amlnonia had little impact on phenol degradation.
The phenol concentration was 19.7mg/L～21.1mg/L and 34.45mg/L～40.15mg/L if calculated in the nitrification inhibition formula under the condition that the extent of inhibition was about 50％and 75％respectively. Since the inhibition of phenol to nitrification was by nature not competitive and reversible, the inhibition could be eliminated without phenol. Furthermore, Nitrification rate were more sensitive to temperature change in phenol contained wastewater.
引文
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