无线传感器网络定位技术的研究
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摘要
作为一门在民用与军事等应用领域迅猛发展的关键技术,无线传感器网络的研究工作对国家和社会的发展意义重大。无线传感器网络由大量低成本、微型化、随机分布的无线通信传感器节点通过自组织的方式构成。无线传感器网络中各节点间数据的感知与处理,都必须绑定节点的位置信息。因此,节点的定位技术是传感器网络的支撑技术之一。然而,鉴于无线传感器网络开放性的无线环境与受制约的应用环境的特点,大部分节点无人看护,节点在定位的过程中的安全性也是定位技术必须解决的一个关键问题。
本文旨在研究无线传感网络节点定位与抗攻击的安全定位机制。
首先以无线传感器网络为基础,介绍了节点位置估算的基本原理,对其中的三边测量法进行了简单的阐述。重点针对DV-Hop算法存在的问题,利用RSSI测距特性从节点通信量和定位精度两方面对算法进行优化。
其次,本文针对恶意信标节点的位置欺骗的内部攻击方式,分析了发布虚假信息的恶意信标对DV-Hop定位算法的安全威胁,并在此基础上提出了一种抵抗恶意信标节点的安全优化的定位算法。仿真实验表明,该安全定位算法有效提高了可定位节点的比例,减小了恶意攻击对DV-Hop算法定位精度的影响。
最后,阐述了虫洞攻击的原理,建立信标节点间的隐藏信道虫洞的外部攻击模型并分析该模型的对DV-Hop定位算法的影响,进而提出一种容忍虫洞攻击的信标校验机制。通过防御信标间隐藏信道的虫洞攻击方式虚增平均单跳校正值,提高定位算法容忍攻击的能力。
As a key technology with rapid development in civil and military application field, the research of wireless sensor network is of great significance to the nation and society. Wireless sensor network is consisted of vast low-cost, tiny wireless sensor nodes with random distribution in the form of self-organization. The perception and processing between nodes should bind with the location information of node in wireless sensor network. Therefore, localization technology is part of the supportive technology of sensor network. However, due to the open wireless environment of the wireless sensor network and the restriction of application environment, most of the nodes are free of being monitored. Therefore, the safety of node in the process of locating is also a crucial issue to the positional technologies which need to be solved.
This paper aims at researching the mechanism of localization in wireless sensor network node and that of secure localization.
Firstly, it is based on wireless sensor network, and introduces the basic principles of node location estimation, then briefly describes the method of trilateral survey. It mainly focuses on the problem that exits in DV-Hop algorithm, and uses the characteristic of RSSI ranging to optimize the algorithm in the aspects of total network communication's cost and positional accuracy.
Secondly, this paper aims at the internal attack mode of malicious beacon node's location deception, and analyzes the security threat to DV-Hop localization algorithm caused by distributing the false information of malicious beacon, on the basis of which a secure optimal algorithm for malicious beacon node defending is putted forward. Simulation results show that, the secure localization algorithm can effectively improve the ratio of the locating node, and reduce the influence of positional accuracy of DV-Hop algorithm caused by malicious attack.
Finally, this paper explains the principle of wormhole attack, and establishes the external wormhole attack model of hidden channels between beacon nodes, then analyzes the influence of DV-Hop localization algorithm caused by this model. Whereafter, it puts forward a kind of beacon verification mechanism to bear the wormhole attack. By virtually increasing the average correction value in a way of defending the hidden channel wormhole attacks between the defensive beacons, the ability of bearing attack of localization algorithm is improved.
本文旨在研究无线传感网络节点定位与抗攻击的安全定位机制。
首先以无线传感器网络为基础,介绍了节点位置估算的基本原理,对其中的三边测量法进行了简单的阐述。重点针对DV-Hop算法存在的问题,利用RSSI测距特性从节点通信量和定位精度两方面对算法进行优化。
其次,本文针对恶意信标节点的位置欺骗的内部攻击方式,分析了发布虚假信息的恶意信标对DV-Hop定位算法的安全威胁,并在此基础上提出了一种抵抗恶意信标节点的安全优化的定位算法。仿真实验表明,该安全定位算法有效提高了可定位节点的比例,减小了恶意攻击对DV-Hop算法定位精度的影响。
最后,阐述了虫洞攻击的原理,建立信标节点间的隐藏信道虫洞的外部攻击模型并分析该模型的对DV-Hop定位算法的影响,进而提出一种容忍虫洞攻击的信标校验机制。通过防御信标间隐藏信道的虫洞攻击方式虚增平均单跳校正值,提高定位算法容忍攻击的能力。
As a key technology with rapid development in civil and military application field, the research of wireless sensor network is of great significance to the nation and society. Wireless sensor network is consisted of vast low-cost, tiny wireless sensor nodes with random distribution in the form of self-organization. The perception and processing between nodes should bind with the location information of node in wireless sensor network. Therefore, localization technology is part of the supportive technology of sensor network. However, due to the open wireless environment of the wireless sensor network and the restriction of application environment, most of the nodes are free of being monitored. Therefore, the safety of node in the process of locating is also a crucial issue to the positional technologies which need to be solved.
This paper aims at researching the mechanism of localization in wireless sensor network node and that of secure localization.
Firstly, it is based on wireless sensor network, and introduces the basic principles of node location estimation, then briefly describes the method of trilateral survey. It mainly focuses on the problem that exits in DV-Hop algorithm, and uses the characteristic of RSSI ranging to optimize the algorithm in the aspects of total network communication's cost and positional accuracy.
Secondly, this paper aims at the internal attack mode of malicious beacon node's location deception, and analyzes the security threat to DV-Hop localization algorithm caused by distributing the false information of malicious beacon, on the basis of which a secure optimal algorithm for malicious beacon node defending is putted forward. Simulation results show that, the secure localization algorithm can effectively improve the ratio of the locating node, and reduce the influence of positional accuracy of DV-Hop algorithm caused by malicious attack.
Finally, this paper explains the principle of wormhole attack, and establishes the external wormhole attack model of hidden channels between beacon nodes, then analyzes the influence of DV-Hop localization algorithm caused by this model. Whereafter, it puts forward a kind of beacon verification mechanism to bear the wormhole attack. By virtually increasing the average correction value in a way of defending the hidden channel wormhole attacks between the defensive beacons, the ability of bearing attack of localization algorithm is improved.
引文
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[9]周一飞,施惠昌,过文亮.无线传感器网络中移动节点的自适应定位算法[J].传感器与微系统.2008,27(8)：109-122.
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[23]Doherty L. Algorithms for position and data recovery in wireless sensor networks [MS.Thesis]. Berkeley:University of California,2000.
[24]He T, Huang CD, Blum BM, et al. Range-Free localization schemes in large scale sensor networks. In:Proc. of the 9th Annual Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. San Diego:ACM Press,2003.81-95.
[25]Shang Y, Ruml W, Zhang Y, Fromherz MPJ. Localization from mere connectivity. In: Proc. of the 4th ACM Int'l Symp. on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing. Annapolis, US:ACM Press,2003.201-212.
[26]Sameer Tilak,Viny Kolar Nael B.Abu-Ghazaleh and Kyoung-Don Kang.Dynamic Localization Control for Mobile Sensor Networks.2005.
[27]赵方,马严,罗海勇,林权,林琳.一种基于网络密度分簇的移动信标辅助定位算法.[J].电子与信息学报.2009.31(12)：2988-2992.
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[30]S. Capkun, and J.P. Hubaux. Secure positioning in wireless networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2006,24(2):221-232.
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