LED显示屏空间分辨率优化方法研究
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摘要
全彩色LED显示屏，作为一种彩色阵列显示器，以其独特的优点，几乎占领了整个户内外大型显示领域。然而受制造工艺和成本等各种原因的限制，它的显示效果还难以达到类似PDP、LCD显示器的高分辨率与清晰度。因此如何在有限成本或低分辨率设备上显示高分辨率画面是LED显示领域研究的主要内容之一。
本文从信号处理的角度，详细分析、研究基于亚像素采样的LED显示屏空间分辨率提升技术。分析、评价亚像素采样对空间分辨率提升的幅度，深入研究分辨率提升后产生的负面问题，并提出合理、有效的解决方案。主要完成的工作及取得的成果如下：
1.根据显示器的基本属性，针对静态图像的显示，从信号处理的角度建立了矩阵显示的空间显示信号链，明确了采样与寻址是优化已有设备空间分辨率的两个重要环节。从采样、寻址与重构三方面建立了矩阵显示的数学模型，完善了矩阵显示空间分辨率优化问题的研究。
2.提出将亚像素采样技术应用到LED显示屏中。目前，亚像素采样主要应用在LCD显示器一维条形排布的文本显示中，分辨率的提升也仅限于水平方向。针对LED显示屏亚像素的各种常见二维排布，在YUV空间下对其显示图像的频谱进行详细的分析，结果表明在各种二维排布下，亚像素采样能够将采样混叠从亮度通道转移到人眼较不敏感的色度通道上，达到改善LED显示屏上图像清晰度的目的。
3.亚像素采样在展示图像细节内容时出现的背离于原始图像的颜色错误是影响其广泛应用的主要问题。通过对比，分析了不同亚像素排布结构在亚像素采样方式下颜色错误的位置与严重程度，指出颜色错误与亚像素排布结构的网格方向（或布局缺陷方向）严重相关，得出亚像素采样对空间分辨率的提升不具有各向同性的特点。同时指出颜色错误只发生在与布局缺陷方向平行且输入频率超出Nyquist限制频率的边缘处，为颜色错误的自适应消除或弱化创造了条件。
4.针对目前颜色错误的判定及评价缺乏有效的计算手段和衡量体系问题。根据人眼空间混色特性，提出了基于区域混色的多尺度颜色错误评测法，有效解决了亚像素采样显示图像中颜色错误的定位与量化，为颜色错误的自适应消除或弱化提供了理论依据。
5.在与LCD显示有关的亚像素采样颜色错误的研究中，现有文献中提出的各种滤波及亚像素渲染方法虽然能够有效消除或减弱颜色错误，但却不同程度的模糊了整个高频子图像。为此，本文提出了一种颜色错误的自适应弱化方法。方法中引入权衡因子，以量化的颜色错误为基础，将滤波运算的结果与直接采样的结果融合，实现了在弱化颜色错误的同时保持更多原有图像细节的目的，在LED显示屏的仿真实验中取得了良好的效果。
With the unique characteristics, full color LED display, as a kind of color matrixdisplays, have apparent advantages in the indoor and outdoor large display fields.Because of the limits and constraints of manufacturing and costs, it is still difficult forLED displays to achieve the high resolution and sharpness similar to PDP, LCDdisplays. Therefore, spatial resolution optimization is an important aspect of researchfor LED display industry. And how to show the high resolution pictures on the lowresolution displays or with limited costs is one of the main researches in LED displayarea.
The thesis has finished a detailed analysis and researches on subpixel samplingtechnology employed in LED display's spatial resolution optimization. And thecontributions of subpixel sampling to resolution promoting is analyzed and evaluated.In addition, the problems introduced by subpixel sampling is studied closely andreasonably, and then effective solutions are proposed. Main results and theachievements are as follows:
1. According to the fundamental attributes of displays, a spatial display informationprocessing chain is established from the viewpoint of information processing. Andmakes clear that sampling and addressing are the two important steps to the spatialresolution optimization of existed displays. The mathematical model of matrix display isestablished from the three aspects: sampling, addressing and reconstructing, and therebyimproves the researches of spatial display resolution optimization.
2. Applying subpixel sampling to LED displays is proposed in the thesis. At thepresent, subpixel sampling is mainly used in LCD displays with one dimensional stripearrangement to display text, and the resolution promotion is also limited to horizontaldirection. Aimed at the various two dimensional arrangements of LED displays, theanalysis to the spectrum of the displaying image in YUV space shows that subpixelsampling improves the perceived resolution by shifting aliasing from the luminance tothe chrominance which human eyes have less sensitive, and thereby results inpromoting the clarity of displaying images on LED display.
3. The main problem interfering subpixel sampling widely applied to LED displaysis color errors presented in image details. The position and severity of color errors areanalyzed in detail through comparing the various arrangements common adopted in LED displays and concludes that subpixel sampling is not isotropic in resolutionpromoting. Furthermore, concludes that color errors just occur at the image edgesparalleling to the arrangement defect directions and with the frequencies beyondsystem's Nyquist limit, which becomes the theoretical basis for the adaptive method ofeliminating color errors.
4. Aimed at the lack of effective calculations and the measures to the image areaswith color errors, according to the characteristic of human eyes, the thesis proposes anovel method of locating and quantifying color errors, named multi-scaling color errorevaluations based on the dynamic regions of color blending. Experiments show that themethod can accurately position the areas with the color errors.
5. In the studies of subpixel sampling employed in LCD displays, subpixelrendering can effectively suppress or eliminate color errors, at the cost of blurring thewhole subimages with high frequencies at different degrees. For this reason, this thesisputs forward a kind of adaptive method to eliminate color errors, which only operatesfiltering on areas appearing color errors. Analysis and experiments show that themethod proposed in the thesis can keep more original image details while weaken colorerrors efficiently.
本文从信号处理的角度，详细分析、研究基于亚像素采样的LED显示屏空间分辨率提升技术。分析、评价亚像素采样对空间分辨率提升的幅度，深入研究分辨率提升后产生的负面问题，并提出合理、有效的解决方案。主要完成的工作及取得的成果如下：
1.根据显示器的基本属性，针对静态图像的显示，从信号处理的角度建立了矩阵显示的空间显示信号链，明确了采样与寻址是优化已有设备空间分辨率的两个重要环节。从采样、寻址与重构三方面建立了矩阵显示的数学模型，完善了矩阵显示空间分辨率优化问题的研究。
2.提出将亚像素采样技术应用到LED显示屏中。目前，亚像素采样主要应用在LCD显示器一维条形排布的文本显示中，分辨率的提升也仅限于水平方向。针对LED显示屏亚像素的各种常见二维排布，在YUV空间下对其显示图像的频谱进行详细的分析，结果表明在各种二维排布下，亚像素采样能够将采样混叠从亮度通道转移到人眼较不敏感的色度通道上，达到改善LED显示屏上图像清晰度的目的。
3.亚像素采样在展示图像细节内容时出现的背离于原始图像的颜色错误是影响其广泛应用的主要问题。通过对比，分析了不同亚像素排布结构在亚像素采样方式下颜色错误的位置与严重程度，指出颜色错误与亚像素排布结构的网格方向（或布局缺陷方向）严重相关，得出亚像素采样对空间分辨率的提升不具有各向同性的特点。同时指出颜色错误只发生在与布局缺陷方向平行且输入频率超出Nyquist限制频率的边缘处，为颜色错误的自适应消除或弱化创造了条件。
4.针对目前颜色错误的判定及评价缺乏有效的计算手段和衡量体系问题。根据人眼空间混色特性，提出了基于区域混色的多尺度颜色错误评测法，有效解决了亚像素采样显示图像中颜色错误的定位与量化，为颜色错误的自适应消除或弱化提供了理论依据。
5.在与LCD显示有关的亚像素采样颜色错误的研究中，现有文献中提出的各种滤波及亚像素渲染方法虽然能够有效消除或减弱颜色错误，但却不同程度的模糊了整个高频子图像。为此，本文提出了一种颜色错误的自适应弱化方法。方法中引入权衡因子，以量化的颜色错误为基础，将滤波运算的结果与直接采样的结果融合，实现了在弱化颜色错误的同时保持更多原有图像细节的目的，在LED显示屏的仿真实验中取得了良好的效果。
With the unique characteristics, full color LED display, as a kind of color matrixdisplays, have apparent advantages in the indoor and outdoor large display fields.Because of the limits and constraints of manufacturing and costs, it is still difficult forLED displays to achieve the high resolution and sharpness similar to PDP, LCDdisplays. Therefore, spatial resolution optimization is an important aspect of researchfor LED display industry. And how to show the high resolution pictures on the lowresolution displays or with limited costs is one of the main researches in LED displayarea.
The thesis has finished a detailed analysis and researches on subpixel samplingtechnology employed in LED display's spatial resolution optimization. And thecontributions of subpixel sampling to resolution promoting is analyzed and evaluated.In addition, the problems introduced by subpixel sampling is studied closely andreasonably, and then effective solutions are proposed. Main results and theachievements are as follows:
1. According to the fundamental attributes of displays, a spatial display informationprocessing chain is established from the viewpoint of information processing. Andmakes clear that sampling and addressing are the two important steps to the spatialresolution optimization of existed displays. The mathematical model of matrix display isestablished from the three aspects: sampling, addressing and reconstructing, and therebyimproves the researches of spatial display resolution optimization.
2. Applying subpixel sampling to LED displays is proposed in the thesis. At thepresent, subpixel sampling is mainly used in LCD displays with one dimensional stripearrangement to display text, and the resolution promotion is also limited to horizontaldirection. Aimed at the various two dimensional arrangements of LED displays, theanalysis to the spectrum of the displaying image in YUV space shows that subpixelsampling improves the perceived resolution by shifting aliasing from the luminance tothe chrominance which human eyes have less sensitive, and thereby results inpromoting the clarity of displaying images on LED display.
3. The main problem interfering subpixel sampling widely applied to LED displaysis color errors presented in image details. The position and severity of color errors areanalyzed in detail through comparing the various arrangements common adopted in LED displays and concludes that subpixel sampling is not isotropic in resolutionpromoting. Furthermore, concludes that color errors just occur at the image edgesparalleling to the arrangement defect directions and with the frequencies beyondsystem's Nyquist limit, which becomes the theoretical basis for the adaptive method ofeliminating color errors.
4. Aimed at the lack of effective calculations and the measures to the image areaswith color errors, according to the characteristic of human eyes, the thesis proposes anovel method of locating and quantifying color errors, named multi-scaling color errorevaluations based on the dynamic regions of color blending. Experiments show that themethod can accurately position the areas with the color errors.
5. In the studies of subpixel sampling employed in LCD displays, subpixelrendering can effectively suppress or eliminate color errors, at the cost of blurring thewhole subimages with high frequencies at different degrees. For this reason, this thesisputs forward a kind of adaptive method to eliminate color errors, which only operatesfiltering on areas appearing color errors. Analysis and experiments show that themethod proposed in the thesis can keep more original image details while weaken colorerrors efficiently.
引文
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