大口径火炮射击诸元计算器的关键技术研究
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摘要
本文基于与XXX研究所的合作项目《新型炮兵射击诸元计算器的设计》，对上一代计算器进行改进和性能提升，以满足大口径火炮射击诸元计算的需求。手持式的计算器采用电池供电，而电池容量相对有限，且野外作战时频繁更换电池会带来很大不便、降低作战效率，因此在保证性能要求的前提下，如何降低功耗以延长电池使用寿命非常重要。此外，为满足作战需求，必须尽可能提高计算速度和计算精度。本文正是围绕这几个关键问题展开研究，主要内容涉及以下方面：
1．基于双核架构的射击诸元计算器的系统设计。针对应用要求，对上一代计算器的不足做出一系列改进，提出了低功耗的MCU和高速浮点DSP组成的射击诸元计算器的基本方案，在兼顾低功耗的条件下，实现了诸元计算器解算弹道微分方程组的高速、高精度计算。为防止过充电和过放电，提高电池利用率，延长电池使用寿命，系统中加入电池管理模块，满足了对电源的指标要求。与上一代计算器相比，本文的计算器在计算速度方面提高了约8倍，满足了对计算速度和精度的指标要求。
2．射击诸元计算器的软件设计。构建了基于双核架构的软件模型，并在此软件平台上实现了基于双核架构的弹道并行算法、电池充电管理、DSP程序在线编程等，建立了用户界面GUI。实践表明该模型具有代码执行效率高、运行速度快、用户界面友好、可扩展性和可移植性好等优点，满足了指标对功能方面的要求。
3．射击诸元计算器的软硬件协同低功耗设计。研究了在不影响诸元计算器性能的情况下，如何降低诸元计算器的功耗以延长电池的使用寿命。从器件选型、电源供电方式、模块功耗优化、分时供电、软件优化等方面，实现软硬件协同功耗优化，将低功耗设计思想贯穿设计始终。与上一代计算器相比，本文计算器正常工作时的平均功耗降低了约1倍，满足了指标对功耗的要求。
4．计算器的动态电源管理。针对诸元计算器在整个炮兵射击指挥系统中具有多种工作模式，而模式之间切换会产生额外的时间和能量损耗，研究了计算器的动态电源管理。综合分析计算器系统的各种工作行为，对负载时间序列进行分类处理，提出了计算器混合型电源管理算法，并将它们应用于计算器中，与其它算法相比，本文算法有更好的通用性，平均竞争率达到了0.62，延迟率小于0.13，命中率大于0.6。
In order to meet the need of firing computation of the large caliber artillery, wehave improved the performance of the previous generation of calculators based on acooperative project with XXX institude named” the Design of New Artillery FiringData Calculator”. The battery capacity of the hand-held calculator withbattery-powered primarily is relatively limited. The replacement of the battery isfrequent in the field operations which will bring great inconvenience and reduce theoperational efficiency, therefore, how to reduce the power consumption to extendbattery life is very important based on the premising of ensuring the performancerequirements. In addition, we must maximize the speed and accuracy of computationto meet the operational needs. The research theme of this artic le is surrounding theissues mentioned above, and mainly covering the following aspects.
1. The program design of firing data calculator based on dual-core architecture.The general planning of firing calculator which is composed by low-power MCUand high-speed floating point DSP is proposed, and a series of improvements whichis aimed at the shortcomings of the previous generation calculators is made underthe application requirements. The battery management module is added to thesystem to meet the requirements for the power indicators which can preventover-charge and over-discharge, improve the efficiency of battery and extend theworking life of the battery. The speed of the calculator here is increased by about8times compared with the previous generation calculators which can meet the requirements of the speed and accuracy of the calculation.
2. The software design of firing data calculator. The software module based onthe dual-core architecture is proposed. The ballistic parallel algorithm, batterycharge management and DSP-line programming procedure based on the dual-corearchitecture are achieved on this software platform. The user interface (GUI) isestablished. Practice indicates that the model can meet the targets of the functionalrequirements including high code execution efficiency, run fast, user-friendlyinterface, scalability and portability, etc.
3. The design of the low-power for the firing data calculator. How to reduce thepower consumption of the firing data calculator to extend the battery working lifewithout affecting its performance is researched. The synergy optimization of thepower with the hardware and the software is achieved, and the ideas of low-powergo through all the design process, including the device selection, the supp ly mode ofthe power, the power optimization of every module, time-sharing power supply, theoptimization of software, etc. Compared with the previous generation calculators,the average power consumption of the calculator here is reduced by about a halfaiming at the requirements of the power consumption when it works normally.
4. Dynamic power management of the calculator. The research of the dynamicpower management of the calculator caused by a variety of operating workingmodes in the entire artillery fire command system and the switch between modeshaving extra time and energy loss. The dynamic power management of calculator isstudied. The algorithm of the hybrid model is proposed after the comprehensiveanalysis of various work behaviors of the calculator system and the classification ofthe load time series. The algorithm’s average competitive ratio is0.62, delay ratio isless than0.13and the hit ratio is greater than0.6has better versatility than others.
1．基于双核架构的射击诸元计算器的系统设计。针对应用要求，对上一代计算器的不足做出一系列改进，提出了低功耗的MCU和高速浮点DSP组成的射击诸元计算器的基本方案，在兼顾低功耗的条件下，实现了诸元计算器解算弹道微分方程组的高速、高精度计算。为防止过充电和过放电，提高电池利用率，延长电池使用寿命，系统中加入电池管理模块，满足了对电源的指标要求。与上一代计算器相比，本文的计算器在计算速度方面提高了约8倍，满足了对计算速度和精度的指标要求。
2．射击诸元计算器的软件设计。构建了基于双核架构的软件模型，并在此软件平台上实现了基于双核架构的弹道并行算法、电池充电管理、DSP程序在线编程等，建立了用户界面GUI。实践表明该模型具有代码执行效率高、运行速度快、用户界面友好、可扩展性和可移植性好等优点，满足了指标对功能方面的要求。
3．射击诸元计算器的软硬件协同低功耗设计。研究了在不影响诸元计算器性能的情况下，如何降低诸元计算器的功耗以延长电池的使用寿命。从器件选型、电源供电方式、模块功耗优化、分时供电、软件优化等方面，实现软硬件协同功耗优化，将低功耗设计思想贯穿设计始终。与上一代计算器相比，本文计算器正常工作时的平均功耗降低了约1倍，满足了指标对功耗的要求。
4．计算器的动态电源管理。针对诸元计算器在整个炮兵射击指挥系统中具有多种工作模式，而模式之间切换会产生额外的时间和能量损耗，研究了计算器的动态电源管理。综合分析计算器系统的各种工作行为，对负载时间序列进行分类处理，提出了计算器混合型电源管理算法，并将它们应用于计算器中，与其它算法相比，本文算法有更好的通用性，平均竞争率达到了0.62，延迟率小于0.13，命中率大于0.6。
In order to meet the need of firing computation of the large caliber artillery, wehave improved the performance of the previous generation of calculators based on acooperative project with XXX institude named” the Design of New Artillery FiringData Calculator”. The battery capacity of the hand-held calculator withbattery-powered primarily is relatively limited. The replacement of the battery isfrequent in the field operations which will bring great inconvenience and reduce theoperational efficiency, therefore, how to reduce the power consumption to extendbattery life is very important based on the premising of ensuring the performancerequirements. In addition, we must maximize the speed and accuracy of computationto meet the operational needs. The research theme of this artic le is surrounding theissues mentioned above, and mainly covering the following aspects.
1. The program design of firing data calculator based on dual-core architecture.The general planning of firing calculator which is composed by low-power MCUand high-speed floating point DSP is proposed, and a series of improvements whichis aimed at the shortcomings of the previous generation calculators is made underthe application requirements. The battery management module is added to thesystem to meet the requirements for the power indicators which can preventover-charge and over-discharge, improve the efficiency of battery and extend theworking life of the battery. The speed of the calculator here is increased by about8times compared with the previous generation calculators which can meet the requirements of the speed and accuracy of the calculation.
2. The software design of firing data calculator. The software module based onthe dual-core architecture is proposed. The ballistic parallel algorithm, batterycharge management and DSP-line programming procedure based on the dual-corearchitecture are achieved on this software platform. The user interface (GUI) isestablished. Practice indicates that the model can meet the targets of the functionalrequirements including high code execution efficiency, run fast, user-friendlyinterface, scalability and portability, etc.
3. The design of the low-power for the firing data calculator. How to reduce thepower consumption of the firing data calculator to extend the battery working lifewithout affecting its performance is researched. The synergy optimization of thepower with the hardware and the software is achieved, and the ideas of low-powergo through all the design process, including the device selection, the supp ly mode ofthe power, the power optimization of every module, time-sharing power supply, theoptimization of software, etc. Compared with the previous generation calculators,the average power consumption of the calculator here is reduced by about a halfaiming at the requirements of the power consumption when it works normally.
4. Dynamic power management of the calculator. The research of the dynamicpower management of the calculator caused by a variety of operating workingmodes in the entire artillery fire command system and the switch between modeshaving extra time and energy loss. The dynamic power management of calculator isstudied. The algorithm of the hybrid model is proposed after the comprehensiveanalysis of various work behaviors of the calculator system and the classification ofthe load time series. The algorithm’s average competitive ratio is0.62, delay ratio isless than0.13and the hit ratio is greater than0.6has better versatility than others.
引文
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