自生生物动态膜反应器在城市污水处理中的应用研究
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摘要
本文采用一种孔径为0.1mm左右的筛绢包裹膜组件制成平板型过滤膜组件,代替微滤膜或超滤膜形成自生生物动态膜反应器,分别对城市污水和模拟高浓度污水进行了研究。试验在所优化设计的装置中,对动态膜的生成与再生规律及其影响因素进行了分析和比较;研究了工艺对城市污水和模拟高浓度有机废水的处理效果,并将动态膜的分离效果与普通膜进行了比较,肯定了动态膜良好的分离效果和耐负荷冲击能力。并且在试验过程中,对系统中的生物相进行了分析,发现高浓度蠕虫的出现,有利于膜污染的减缓和有机物的去除,但会影响总磷和浊度的去除。试验还通过将MBR技术与强化污泥系统后生动物(蠕虫)的方法相结合,来实现减量剩余污泥的排放的研究。
试验结果表明,两边侧向曝气装置明显优于单边侧向曝气装置,且在两边侧向曝气系统中,动态膜的生成较其前几次再生要快,但动态膜的再生速度呈递增的趋势;在动态膜稳定阶段,保持水力停留时间约5h,平均容积负荷为0.67kgCOD/m3.d,膜通量为16.5L/m2.h的条件下,动态膜生物反应器对COD的平均去除率为80%左右,能够保证出水COD在40mg/L左右;对NH3-N的平均去除率为93.1%,有时高达99.5%,出水能保持在8mg/L以下,绝大多数情况在2mg/L以下;对浊度的去除率高达99%,能够保证出水浊度约为3NTU。TP的去除受污泥排放量的影响,当系统有适量污泥排放的情况下,动态膜生物反应器对TP的平均去除率约为74%,出水总磷能保持在1mg/L以下。同时,试验还发现大量蠕虫的存在,对出水水质的影响不大,但能够改善污泥特性,减缓动态膜污染,污泥浓度能自平衡于4000mg/L左右;并在近40天内,在没有排泥的情况下,无污泥量的增加,即实现了减量剩余污泥排放。
The self-forming bio-dynamic membrane reactor (SFDMB) was equipped with plate membrane that was made of a 0.1mm nylon mesh as filter material instead of a micro-filtration membrane or an ultra-filtration membrane, and municipal sewage and artificial organic wastewater in high concentration were treated with the reactor. In the optimum designed device, the rules of the forming and regeneration of the bio-dynamic membrane were studied in the paper, furthermore, factors which had effects on those rules were also investigated. Compared with the effluents of static membrane, the bio-dynamic membrane showed desirable removal efficiencies by analyzing the treatment results of municipal sewage and artificial organic wastewater in high concentration. Then, biological phase of the system was observed, and it was found that the appearance of predations could have contributions to the reduction of membrane fouling and increases of the removals of the organic pollutants, but it was unfavorable to the removals of total phosphorus and turbidity. Finally, it also achieved the aim of treating sewage with less sludge production discharged by combining MBR and the technology of intensified function of these metazoans, such as predations.
It was found that the effect of both sides lateral aeration was obviously better than that of unilateral aeration. In the system of both sides lateral aeration, compared with the increase of the regeneration velocity of the bio-dynamic membrane, the primary forming of the bio-dynamic membrane was faster than its regeneration. When HRT was about 5h, the average volume loading was 0.67kgCOD/m3.d, and water flux of membrane was 16.5L/m2.h, the SFDMB, in stabilization period, reached an average COD removal of 80% and the COD in the effluent could be kept under 40mg/L. And the average NH3-N removal efficiency was 93.1%, even reached 99.5% sometimes, and the concentration of NH3-N in the effluent were under 8mg/L, most times under 2mg/L. Furthermore, the reactor achieved a turbidity removal of 99% and the turbidity could be kept under 3NTU in the effluent. When there was some sludge production discharged, the removal of TP, which was greatly contributed by the sludge production, was about 74% and the TP was under 1mg/L in the effluent. Finally it was found that the present of Oligochaetes not only brought better characteristics of the sludge such as good settleabilily, but also minished the membrane fouling greatly, and did not affect the effluent quality. And most important of all, in the case of almost no sludge production discharged, MLSS could be kept nearly 4000mg/L in more than 40 days when Oligochaete was present, which meant that there was no sludge production in the process.
试验结果表明,两边侧向曝气装置明显优于单边侧向曝气装置,且在两边侧向曝气系统中,动态膜的生成较其前几次再生要快,但动态膜的再生速度呈递增的趋势;在动态膜稳定阶段,保持水力停留时间约5h,平均容积负荷为0.67kgCOD/m3.d,膜通量为16.5L/m2.h的条件下,动态膜生物反应器对COD的平均去除率为80%左右,能够保证出水COD在40mg/L左右;对NH3-N的平均去除率为93.1%,有时高达99.5%,出水能保持在8mg/L以下,绝大多数情况在2mg/L以下;对浊度的去除率高达99%,能够保证出水浊度约为3NTU。TP的去除受污泥排放量的影响,当系统有适量污泥排放的情况下,动态膜生物反应器对TP的平均去除率约为74%,出水总磷能保持在1mg/L以下。同时,试验还发现大量蠕虫的存在,对出水水质的影响不大,但能够改善污泥特性,减缓动态膜污染,污泥浓度能自平衡于4000mg/L左右;并在近40天内,在没有排泥的情况下,无污泥量的增加,即实现了减量剩余污泥排放。
The self-forming bio-dynamic membrane reactor (SFDMB) was equipped with plate membrane that was made of a 0.1mm nylon mesh as filter material instead of a micro-filtration membrane or an ultra-filtration membrane, and municipal sewage and artificial organic wastewater in high concentration were treated with the reactor. In the optimum designed device, the rules of the forming and regeneration of the bio-dynamic membrane were studied in the paper, furthermore, factors which had effects on those rules were also investigated. Compared with the effluents of static membrane, the bio-dynamic membrane showed desirable removal efficiencies by analyzing the treatment results of municipal sewage and artificial organic wastewater in high concentration. Then, biological phase of the system was observed, and it was found that the appearance of predations could have contributions to the reduction of membrane fouling and increases of the removals of the organic pollutants, but it was unfavorable to the removals of total phosphorus and turbidity. Finally, it also achieved the aim of treating sewage with less sludge production discharged by combining MBR and the technology of intensified function of these metazoans, such as predations.
It was found that the effect of both sides lateral aeration was obviously better than that of unilateral aeration. In the system of both sides lateral aeration, compared with the increase of the regeneration velocity of the bio-dynamic membrane, the primary forming of the bio-dynamic membrane was faster than its regeneration. When HRT was about 5h, the average volume loading was 0.67kgCOD/m3.d, and water flux of membrane was 16.5L/m2.h, the SFDMB, in stabilization period, reached an average COD removal of 80% and the COD in the effluent could be kept under 40mg/L. And the average NH3-N removal efficiency was 93.1%, even reached 99.5% sometimes, and the concentration of NH3-N in the effluent were under 8mg/L, most times under 2mg/L. Furthermore, the reactor achieved a turbidity removal of 99% and the turbidity could be kept under 3NTU in the effluent. When there was some sludge production discharged, the removal of TP, which was greatly contributed by the sludge production, was about 74% and the TP was under 1mg/L in the effluent. Finally it was found that the present of Oligochaetes not only brought better characteristics of the sludge such as good settleabilily, but also minished the membrane fouling greatly, and did not affect the effluent quality. And most important of all, in the case of almost no sludge production discharged, MLSS could be kept nearly 4000mg/L in more than 40 days when Oligochaete was present, which meant that there was no sludge production in the process.
引文
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[3] 蒋耀新.水环境现状及水污染防治[J].甘肃环境研究与监测,2003,16(4): 454~455.
[4] 白晓慧,陈英旭.我国水环境污染成因分析及控制技术对策研究[J].中国人口?资源与环境,2001,11(51):59~61.
[5] 李天章,李京京.我国水资源浪费和污染的现状及治理.河南大学学报,2003,43 (6):44~48.
[6] 夏光.2005 年中国环境公报.开放导报,2006,(1):20~25.
[7] 白韬光.城市污水处理技术及其发展.机电设备,2003,(3):38~42.
[8] 李春喜.超声波技术在污水处理中的应用与研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):64~69.
[9] Lubbeke S, Volgelpohl M, Dewjanin W. Wastewater treatment in a biological high-performance system with high biomass concentration. Wat. Res., 1995, (29): 732~802.
[10] 刘锐,黄霞,刘若鹏等.膜-生物反应器和传统活性污泥工艺的比较.环境科学,2001,22(3):20~24.
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