膜污染与清洗诊断和咨询专家系统的应用研究
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摘要
由于水处理技术涉及知识面广,既有定性分析,还有定量计算,因此,为了满足临时多变的工程要求,开发一套具有水处理基本知识、通晓所有水处理技术又能单独深入处理专门问题的水处理专家系统是十分必要的。
本文针对目前水处理专家系统的现状,系统地分析了专家系统的结构、组成及开发过程。在总结我国水处理技术的基础上,针对现有水处理专家系统的不足,重新规定了知识库所包括的水处理知识内容,提出了新的获取这些知识的途径和方法;并应用产生式规则建立了水处理知识库。本文详细介绍了构建知识库和实现推理机的主要数据结构和设计思想,同时,根据水处理要素不确定性的特点,将模糊数学引入水处理专家系统中,比较模糊规则和确定性规则两种形式,总结研究出一种适合水处理领域的模糊匹配和模糊推理方法。
应用Vs.net和数据库设计语言开发了一套膜清洗诊断和水处理咨询专家系统。检测过程中,通过众多隶属函数值与阈值的比较可以得出与实际情况最相关的隶属值,具体实例对该系统的测试表明该系统运行结果准确。
最后,在研究中发现知识录取的准确程度直接影响推理结果的精确性,并且考虑到专家系统的生存性,今后必须提高推理机制的算法和增加知识库的容量。
The water treatment technology possesses a broad knowledge, including both qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. To satisfy different requirements of project and dealing with a problem specially, developing an expert system with basic but skilled knowledge of water treatment technology is necessary.
In this work, we analyzed the structure and composition of an expert system as well as the development process, aiming at the actuality of the water treatment expert system. Based on the summarization of water treatment technology and the shortage of the present water treatment expert system, new water treatment knowledge content was re-stipulated and a new method to acquire the knowledge was proposed in this thesis. Furthermore, the production rules were employed to develop the water treatment knowledge base. The main data structure and the design ideas used to build the knowledge base and perform the implement of the inference process were introduced in detail. According to the uncertain characteristic of the water treatment factors, fuzzy rules and definite rules were compared with the method of fuzzy mathematics in the water treatment expert system. A fuzzy matching strategy and fuzzy reasoning method that could be employed in the field of water treatment were summarized.
Vs.net and database design language were employed to develop the water treatment expert system, including membrane fouling diagnosis and consultation. The most correlated membership value could be obtained by comparing the membership functions value and the threshold value in the monitoring process. The accuracy of the system operation was proved by the specific tests.
At last, the knowledge enrollment was found to have a direct impacted on the accuracy of the conclusion results. Thus, taking into account the survival of the expert system, the algorithm of the reasoning mechanism must be improved and the capacity of the knowledge base should be increased in the future.
本文针对目前水处理专家系统的现状,系统地分析了专家系统的结构、组成及开发过程。在总结我国水处理技术的基础上,针对现有水处理专家系统的不足,重新规定了知识库所包括的水处理知识内容,提出了新的获取这些知识的途径和方法;并应用产生式规则建立了水处理知识库。本文详细介绍了构建知识库和实现推理机的主要数据结构和设计思想,同时,根据水处理要素不确定性的特点,将模糊数学引入水处理专家系统中,比较模糊规则和确定性规则两种形式,总结研究出一种适合水处理领域的模糊匹配和模糊推理方法。
应用Vs.net和数据库设计语言开发了一套膜清洗诊断和水处理咨询专家系统。检测过程中,通过众多隶属函数值与阈值的比较可以得出与实际情况最相关的隶属值,具体实例对该系统的测试表明该系统运行结果准确。
最后,在研究中发现知识录取的准确程度直接影响推理结果的精确性,并且考虑到专家系统的生存性,今后必须提高推理机制的算法和增加知识库的容量。
The water treatment technology possesses a broad knowledge, including both qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. To satisfy different requirements of project and dealing with a problem specially, developing an expert system with basic but skilled knowledge of water treatment technology is necessary.
In this work, we analyzed the structure and composition of an expert system as well as the development process, aiming at the actuality of the water treatment expert system. Based on the summarization of water treatment technology and the shortage of the present water treatment expert system, new water treatment knowledge content was re-stipulated and a new method to acquire the knowledge was proposed in this thesis. Furthermore, the production rules were employed to develop the water treatment knowledge base. The main data structure and the design ideas used to build the knowledge base and perform the implement of the inference process were introduced in detail. According to the uncertain characteristic of the water treatment factors, fuzzy rules and definite rules were compared with the method of fuzzy mathematics in the water treatment expert system. A fuzzy matching strategy and fuzzy reasoning method that could be employed in the field of water treatment were summarized.
Vs.net and database design language were employed to develop the water treatment expert system, including membrane fouling diagnosis and consultation. The most correlated membership value could be obtained by comparing the membership functions value and the threshold value in the monitoring process. The accuracy of the system operation was proved by the specific tests.
At last, the knowledge enrollment was found to have a direct impacted on the accuracy of the conclusion results. Thus, taking into account the survival of the expert system, the algorithm of the reasoning mechanism must be improved and the capacity of the knowledge base should be increased in the future.
引文
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[3] 王永庆. 人工智能原理方法[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1998 年
[4] Larsson, Jan Eric. Expert system for frequency response analysis[J]. IEEE control System Magazine, 1994,14(5): 52-57
[5] Heung-Jae Lee, Bok-shin Ahn, Young-Moon Park. A Fault Diagnosis Expert System for Distribution Substations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. No.1, January 2000: 92-97
[6] Angeli Chr, Chatzinikolaou. A Expert system approach to fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems[J]. Expert Systems. 1995,12(4): 323-330
[7] Yang Hong-TZer,Chang Wen-Yeau, Huang Ching-Lien. On-line fault diagnosis of power substation using connectionist expert system[J]. IEEE Tracsactions on Power Systems, 1995,10(1): 323-331
[8] 刘占生,武新华,张新江. 基于神经网络与专家系统的混合诊断法[J]. 航空动力学报, 1998,7(3): 35-40
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[13] Hushon J M. Response to chemical emergencies[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1986,20(9): 118-128
[14] Mikroudis G K, Fang H Y. Hazpro-86-Professional Centification Symposium and Exposition. Northbook: Pudvan Publishing Co, 1986: 580-594
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[19] 施汉昌,王玉珏. 污水处理厂故障诊断专家系统[J]. 给水排水, 2001, 27(8): 88-90
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[21] 赵德齐. 模糊数学[M]. 北京:中央民族大学出版社(第一版), 1995 年. 32-45
[22] Tommy Wright. A simple algorithm for tighter exact upper confidence bounds with rare attributes in finite universes[J]. Statistics & Probability Letters, 1997 36(1): 59-67
[23] 马斌荣.中医专家系统与中医知识库[M]. 北京:北京出版社(第一版), 1998 年. 21-22
[24] 吴陈. 不精确性推理模型和算法的描述及应用探讨[J]. 计算机应用研究, 1997(5): 24-26
[25] 毛宁,滕召旗等. 基于不精确推理的轧机故障诊断专家[J]. 液压汽动与密封, 2002(3): 33-34
[26] 刘洁,陈小平,蔡庆生等. 一种新的不确定推理方法[J]. 软件学报,2001(11): 1675-1679
[27] 李振宇,杨昌柱,章北平等. 污水生物处理故障诊断专家咨询系统[J]. 化学与生物工程, 2005,No.3: 39-41
[28] 郝爱玲,张光辉,张颖等. MBR、MCR 处理微污染水的膜污染比较[J]. 中国给水排水, 2004,20(7): 49-53
[29] 黄霞,莫罹. MBR 在净水工艺中的膜污染特征及清洗[J]. 中国给水排水, 2003,19(5): 5-14
[30] 赵奎霞,张传义. MBR 中膜污染的全过程控制方法[J]. 河北工程技术高等专科学校学报, 2003.3(1): 12-16
[31] 付婉霞,李蕾. 膜生物反应器中膜的清洗方法和机理研究[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2004,5(8): 43-47
[32] 孙振龙,陈绍伟等. 一体式平片膜-生物反应器运行过程中膜性能的研究[J]. 环境工程, 2003,21(2): 7-11
[33] 赵方波,于水利等. 淹没式膜生物反应器中膜污染机理的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2005,25(3): 385-392
[34] Kwang Ho Choo, Chung-Hak Lee. Membrane fouling mechanisms in the membrane-coupled anaerobic bioreactor[J]. Wat Res, 1996,30(8): 1771-1780
[35] Defrance Laure, Jaffrin Michel Y, Gupta Bharat, er al. Contribution of various constituents of activated sludge to membrane fouling[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000,73(2): 105-112
[36] 殷峻,陈英旭. 膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2001,2(3): 62-69
[37] 霍守亮,黄显怀等. 膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治[J]. 工业水处理, 2004,24(8): 9-14
[38] 葛元新,朱志良. MBR 膜的污染及其清洗技术研究进展[J]. 清洗世界, 2005,21(8): 24-30
[39] 樊耀波,王菊思等. 膜生物反应器中膜的最佳反冲洗周期[J]. 环境科学学报, 1997,17(4): 439-445
[40] Baozhen Wang,Lin Wang. Case studies on pond eco-systems for wastewater treatment and utilization in China[J]. Global Water and Wastewater Techology, 1999: 64-71
[41] 吕玉新. 区域环境规划专家系统计算机实现方法[J]. 平原大学学报, 2000,17(2): 50-55
[42] 马玉祥,武波. 专家系统[M]. 成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1994 年
[43] 何新贵. 知识处理与专家系统[M]. 国防工业出版社, 1990 年
[44] 陈隽,王红瑞等. 区域环境规划专家系统设计的初步探讨[J]. 环境科学, 37-39
[45] 王建文. C/C++在专家系统中的应用[M]. 西安:陕西电子出版社,1993 年
[46] 黄可鸣. 专家系统[M]. 南京:东南大学出版社,1991 年
[47] Waterman. D.A. A Guide to Expert System. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988
[48] N.J.Nillson. Principle of Artificial Intelligence. Springerverleg, 1982
[49] 吴成茂. 知识库与关系数据库之间的相互转换法[J]. 西安邮电学院学报, 1997,2(2): 50-62
[50] 吴自强,刘志宏,曹刚. 膜生物反应器处理废水研究的进展[J]. 工业水处理,2001,21(6): 1-3
[51] 赵建伟,丁蕴铮,苏丽敏等. 膜生物反应器及膜污染的研究进展[J]. 中国给水排水, 2003,19(5): 31-34.
[52] 刘锐,黄霞,钱易等. 一体式膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的中试研究[J]. 给水排水, 1999:25(1): 24-29.
[53] 刘锐,黄霞. 一体式膜生物反应器运行中膜污染的控制[J]. 环境科学, 2000,21(2): 58-61.
[54] Baozhen Wang,Lin Wang. Case studies on pond eco-systems for wastewater treatment and utilization in China[J]. Global Water and Wastewater Technology, 1991: 64-71
[55] T.Stephenson and K.Briendle. Membrane bioreactors-dual processing one unit operation[J]. Business briefing, 1999: 164-169
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[57] 席福林,郝中州. 污水处理技术与控制措施[J]. 河南科技, 2000,(10): 25-26
[58] 白乃彬,杜敏. 工程建设中智能辅助决策系统[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 1990年. 98-105
[2] [英]理查德·福西斯等. 专家系统原理和实例研究[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社, 1989 年
[3] 王永庆. 人工智能原理方法[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1998 年
[4] Larsson, Jan Eric. Expert system for frequency response analysis[J]. IEEE control System Magazine, 1994,14(5): 52-57
[5] Heung-Jae Lee, Bok-shin Ahn, Young-Moon Park. A Fault Diagnosis Expert System for Distribution Substations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. No.1, January 2000: 92-97
[6] Angeli Chr, Chatzinikolaou. A Expert system approach to fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems[J]. Expert Systems. 1995,12(4): 323-330
[7] Yang Hong-TZer,Chang Wen-Yeau, Huang Ching-Lien. On-line fault diagnosis of power substation using connectionist expert system[J]. IEEE Tracsactions on Power Systems, 1995,10(1): 323-331
[8] 刘占生,武新华,张新江. 基于神经网络与专家系统的混合诊断法[J]. 航空动力学报, 1998,7(3): 35-40
[9] 郭晓汾,邹国平. 基于神经网络技术的故障诊断专家系统的研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 1998,10(4): 106-110
[10] Hushon J M. Expert systems for environmental problems[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1987,21(9): 838-350
[11] 白乃彬. 计算机与环境科学[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社(第一版), 2001 年. 299-302.
[12] 白乃彬. 环境专家系统进展[J]. 环境科学, 1993,14(1): 42-47
[13] Hushon J M. Response to chemical emergencies[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1986,20(9): 118-128
[14] Mikroudis G K, Fang H Y. Hazpro-86-Professional Centification Symposium and Exposition. Northbook: Pudvan Publishing Co, 1986: 580-594
[15] 马玉祥,武波. 专家系统[M]. 电子科技大学出版社, 1994 年
[16] 肖云魁. 汽车故障诊断学[M]. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2001 年
[17] 丁玉兰,石来德. 机械设备故障诊断技术[M]. 上海:上海科学技术文献出版社, 1994 年
[18] 高洪深. 决策支持系统(DSS)理论方法案例第二版[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2000 年
[19] 施汉昌,王玉珏. 污水处理厂故障诊断专家系统[J]. 给水排水, 2001, 27(8): 88-90
[20] 刘次华,万建平. 概率论与数理统计[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社(第二版), 2003年. 9-10
[21] 赵德齐. 模糊数学[M]. 北京:中央民族大学出版社(第一版), 1995 年. 32-45
[22] Tommy Wright. A simple algorithm for tighter exact upper confidence bounds with rare attributes in finite universes[J]. Statistics & Probability Letters, 1997 36(1): 59-67
[23] 马斌荣.中医专家系统与中医知识库[M]. 北京:北京出版社(第一版), 1998 年. 21-22
[24] 吴陈. 不精确性推理模型和算法的描述及应用探讨[J]. 计算机应用研究, 1997(5): 24-26
[25] 毛宁,滕召旗等. 基于不精确推理的轧机故障诊断专家[J]. 液压汽动与密封, 2002(3): 33-34
[26] 刘洁,陈小平,蔡庆生等. 一种新的不确定推理方法[J]. 软件学报,2001(11): 1675-1679
[27] 李振宇,杨昌柱,章北平等. 污水生物处理故障诊断专家咨询系统[J]. 化学与生物工程, 2005,No.3: 39-41
[28] 郝爱玲,张光辉,张颖等. MBR、MCR 处理微污染水的膜污染比较[J]. 中国给水排水, 2004,20(7): 49-53
[29] 黄霞,莫罹. MBR 在净水工艺中的膜污染特征及清洗[J]. 中国给水排水, 2003,19(5): 5-14
[30] 赵奎霞,张传义. MBR 中膜污染的全过程控制方法[J]. 河北工程技术高等专科学校学报, 2003.3(1): 12-16
[31] 付婉霞,李蕾. 膜生物反应器中膜的清洗方法和机理研究[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2004,5(8): 43-47
[32] 孙振龙,陈绍伟等. 一体式平片膜-生物反应器运行过程中膜性能的研究[J]. 环境工程, 2003,21(2): 7-11
[33] 赵方波,于水利等. 淹没式膜生物反应器中膜污染机理的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2005,25(3): 385-392
[34] Kwang Ho Choo, Chung-Hak Lee. Membrane fouling mechanisms in the membrane-coupled anaerobic bioreactor[J]. Wat Res, 1996,30(8): 1771-1780
[35] Defrance Laure, Jaffrin Michel Y, Gupta Bharat, er al. Contribution of various constituents of activated sludge to membrane fouling[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000,73(2): 105-112
[36] 殷峻,陈英旭. 膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2001,2(3): 62-69
[37] 霍守亮,黄显怀等. 膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治[J]. 工业水处理, 2004,24(8): 9-14
[38] 葛元新,朱志良. MBR 膜的污染及其清洗技术研究进展[J]. 清洗世界, 2005,21(8): 24-30
[39] 樊耀波,王菊思等. 膜生物反应器中膜的最佳反冲洗周期[J]. 环境科学学报, 1997,17(4): 439-445
[40] Baozhen Wang,Lin Wang. Case studies on pond eco-systems for wastewater treatment and utilization in China[J]. Global Water and Wastewater Techology, 1999: 64-71
[41] 吕玉新. 区域环境规划专家系统计算机实现方法[J]. 平原大学学报, 2000,17(2): 50-55
[42] 马玉祥,武波. 专家系统[M]. 成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1994 年
[43] 何新贵. 知识处理与专家系统[M]. 国防工业出版社, 1990 年
[44] 陈隽,王红瑞等. 区域环境规划专家系统设计的初步探讨[J]. 环境科学, 37-39
[45] 王建文. C/C++在专家系统中的应用[M]. 西安:陕西电子出版社,1993 年
[46] 黄可鸣. 专家系统[M]. 南京:东南大学出版社,1991 年
[47] Waterman. D.A. A Guide to Expert System. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988
[48] N.J.Nillson. Principle of Artificial Intelligence. Springerverleg, 1982
[49] 吴成茂. 知识库与关系数据库之间的相互转换法[J]. 西安邮电学院学报, 1997,2(2): 50-62
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