工业CT切片数据直接生成RP(快速原型)层片数据研究
|
摘要
为了将工业CT(Computed Tomography)技术与快速成型技术直接集成,避免样品的三维CAD建模和STL文件的生成,提高反求效率,实现样品的快速仿形加工。本文对工业CT切片数据直接生成RP(Rapid Prototyping,快速原型)层片数据的方法进行了研究,并开发相关软件实现了RP层片数据格式中CLI(Common Layer Interface)文件的生成。
首先,提取工业CT切片图像轮廓数据。采用Canny算子检测边缘;综合运用八邻域轮廓跟踪方法、基于间隙分类的断边连接方法和基于跟踪规则的去噪方法完成了图像的轮廓跟踪、断边连接与去噪,获取工件的内外结构轮廓数据。
其次,将轮廓数据转化为CLI格式文件。先对相邻层间各轮廓进行匹配,进而提取轮廓特征点简化轮廓数据,对匹配轮廓上的各特征点进行匹配,依据匹配点对,线性插值出相邻层间轮廓,以满足RP加工精度对层片间距的要求。然后,采用三次B样条曲线对各轮廓的特征点进行曲线拟合,按照加工精度要求以弦逼近弧方法对拟合得到的轮廓曲线进行数据点采样,判断内外轮廓生成CLI文件。最后,在本文研究方法的基础上,初步设计开发了工业CT切片数据直接生成RP层片数据的软件。
本文对汽车轮廓和茶壶的工业CT切片图像进行处理获取其CLI文件,在AFS-320YS成型机系统软件ARPS2004上查看它们的CLI文件,并对茶壶CLI文件进行快速原型加工,结果验证了本方法的正确性。
In order to integrate industrial computed tomography (CT) and rapid prototype (RP) directly, a method of generating rapid prototype (RP) slice data directly from industrial CT images is proposed in this paper. The method can avoid to generate three dimension CAD modeling and STL files of sample workpieces, improve the efficiency of rapid reverse process and realize profile modeling machining. A soft system is developed, which can output common layer interface (CLI) files (one of format of RP slice data) from industrial CT images.
Firstly, the contour data of CT image is extracted. Canny algorithm is adopted to check the edge. In order to get the contour data of workpieces, contour tracking based on eight neighbor field method, discontinuous edge joining based on gap classification and de-noising method based on tracing rules were applied.
Secondly, the contour point data was transformed into CLI file. By maching the contour of adjacent layer and extracting feature points of contours, the contour data is simplified. Followed by mathing each feature point of the contour, interpolation of contours between adjacent layers is done to shorten interlayer distance of RP slice, which will meet the accuracy requirement of RP. Then cubic b-spline was applied to fit feature point of each contour. Each fitting contour was divided into numbers of short lines under reqired accuracy. Coordinate of the line endpoint can be used to generate CLI file afer judging internal and external contour.
Finally, a soft based on the method mentioned above is designed and developed to generate CLI file directly from industrial CT scanned images.
An automobile wheel and a teapot are used as examples in this paper. The CLI files output by the developed soft are checked in ARPS2004, which is the system soft of AFS-320YS RP machine. A RP product of the teapot is obtained by AFS-320YS using its CLI file. The validity of the mothed is verified by results.
首先,提取工业CT切片图像轮廓数据。采用Canny算子检测边缘;综合运用八邻域轮廓跟踪方法、基于间隙分类的断边连接方法和基于跟踪规则的去噪方法完成了图像的轮廓跟踪、断边连接与去噪,获取工件的内外结构轮廓数据。
其次,将轮廓数据转化为CLI格式文件。先对相邻层间各轮廓进行匹配,进而提取轮廓特征点简化轮廓数据,对匹配轮廓上的各特征点进行匹配,依据匹配点对,线性插值出相邻层间轮廓,以满足RP加工精度对层片间距的要求。然后,采用三次B样条曲线对各轮廓的特征点进行曲线拟合,按照加工精度要求以弦逼近弧方法对拟合得到的轮廓曲线进行数据点采样,判断内外轮廓生成CLI文件。最后,在本文研究方法的基础上,初步设计开发了工业CT切片数据直接生成RP层片数据的软件。
本文对汽车轮廓和茶壶的工业CT切片图像进行处理获取其CLI文件,在AFS-320YS成型机系统软件ARPS2004上查看它们的CLI文件,并对茶壶CLI文件进行快速原型加工,结果验证了本方法的正确性。
In order to integrate industrial computed tomography (CT) and rapid prototype (RP) directly, a method of generating rapid prototype (RP) slice data directly from industrial CT images is proposed in this paper. The method can avoid to generate three dimension CAD modeling and STL files of sample workpieces, improve the efficiency of rapid reverse process and realize profile modeling machining. A soft system is developed, which can output common layer interface (CLI) files (one of format of RP slice data) from industrial CT images.
Firstly, the contour data of CT image is extracted. Canny algorithm is adopted to check the edge. In order to get the contour data of workpieces, contour tracking based on eight neighbor field method, discontinuous edge joining based on gap classification and de-noising method based on tracing rules were applied.
Secondly, the contour point data was transformed into CLI file. By maching the contour of adjacent layer and extracting feature points of contours, the contour data is simplified. Followed by mathing each feature point of the contour, interpolation of contours between adjacent layers is done to shorten interlayer distance of RP slice, which will meet the accuracy requirement of RP. Then cubic b-spline was applied to fit feature point of each contour. Each fitting contour was divided into numbers of short lines under reqired accuracy. Coordinate of the line endpoint can be used to generate CLI file afer judging internal and external contour.
Finally, a soft based on the method mentioned above is designed and developed to generate CLI file directly from industrial CT scanned images.
An automobile wheel and a teapot are used as examples in this paper. The CLI files output by the developed soft are checked in ARPS2004, which is the system soft of AFS-320YS RP machine. A RP product of the teapot is obtained by AFS-320YS using its CLI file. The validity of the mothed is verified by results.
引文
[1]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册新版第6卷第48篇反求设计与快速原型制造技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004, 102-133.
[2]柯映林.反求工程CAD建模理论、方法和系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 25-68.
[3]王秀峰,罗宏杰.快速原型制造技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2001, 12-30.
[4] Hustad T P, Reviewing current practices in innovation management and a summary of selected of best practices[J], The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development, 1996: 489-511.
[5]神会存.反求工程数据处理与模型重建技术[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社, 2006, 8-36.
[6] Lee K H, Woo H. Use of reverse engineering method for rapid product development. 23rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1998, 35(1):21-24.
[7]庞晓平.基于工业CT断层扫描快速反求技术的研究[D]硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学, 2005, 8-15.
[8]罗朝东.面向有封闭内腔和外形的复杂工件快速原型制造的ICT图像处理及反求工程研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学, 2006, 10-31.
[9]孙玉文,刘伟军. CAD_RP系统间数据模型的转换方法与发展[J].航空精密制造技术, 2001,4(37): 19-22.
[10] Schoene C, Hoffmann J. Reverse engineering based on multi-axis digitized data[J]. International Conferenceon Manufacturing Automation, 1997, (1): 909-914.
[11] Lee K H, Woo H. Direct integration of reverse engineering and rapid Prototyping[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2000, (38): 21-38.
[12]蒋克荣,激光快速成形中三维CAD模型直接切片处理技术的研究[D],硕士学位论文.合肥:合肥工业大学, 2003, 23-30.
[13] Juergen Rilling, Mudur S P. The use of meatballs to visually map source code structures and analysis results onto 3D space[J]. Proceedings of the Ninth Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE.02), 2001.
[14]郑卫国,颜永年,卢清萍等.基于CT图像的快速成形数据建模方法[J].中国机械工程, 2002,10(20): 1734-1737.
[15]桂志国,韩焱.基于工业CT的反求工程中数据建模技术[J]火箭发射与控制学报, 2004,10(1): 29-31.
[16]王红亮,陈树越.反求工程CLI建模中复杂轮廓数据处理方法研究[J].华北工学院学报,2004,25(4): 306-309.
[17]王红亮.面向RE/RP的ICT切片数据的CLI建模技术研究[D].硕士学位论文.太原:华北工学院, 2004, 1-65.
[18]任景英.基于ICT切片图像的反求重构技术研究[J].现代电子技术, 2008,(2): 149-151.
[19]比利时Materialise公司中国官网, http://www.materialise.com.cn/Mimics_01.htm. [EB/OL]
[20]李弼程,彭天强,彭波等.智能图像处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004, 7-78
[21]何斌,马天予,王运坚等. Visual C++数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002, 262-500.
[22]段瑞玲,李庆祥等.图像边缘检测方法研究综述[J].光学技术, 2005,31(3):415-419.
[23]李捷,唐星科,蒋延军.几种边缘检测算法的比较研究[J].信息技术,2007,(9): 106-108
[24] Nicolas J.Dusaussay, Qi Zhicao, Robert N. Image processing for CT-asisted reverse engeering and part characterization[J]. IEEE, 1995: 26-33.
[25]陆宗骐,梁诚.用Sobel算子细化边缘[J].中国图象图形学报, 2000,5(6): 516-520.
[26]杨道普,马秋禾,石磊.边缘检测Prewitt算子的改进算法[J].测绘科学, 2008,10(33): 100-101.
[27]陈宇云.灰度图像的边缘检测研究[D].硕士学位论文.成都:电子科技大学, 2009, 26-48.
[28] John Canny. A computational approach to edge detection[J]. Pattern analysis and machine intellgence, 1986, 8(6):679-698.
[29]孙明竹,赵新,卢桂章.基于Canny边缘检测的半盲图像复原算法[J].高技术通讯, 2008,6(18): 602-608.
[30] Ming Chih Huang, Ching-Chih Tai. The pre-processing of data point for curve fitting in reverse engineering[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2000(16): 635-642.
[31]庞晓平,于今,刘丰林.基于ICT图像矢量化处理的研究[J].机械设计与制造, 2005(2): 46-48.
[32] R.Nevatua. Locating object boundaries in textured environments[J]. IEEE Trans. Comp, 1976, c-25:1170-1180.
[33] Castleman K R.数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2002, 243-258.
[34] Sun Fengmei, Hu Yu, Hu Zhanyi. A study on t he uncertainties in line extraction from images[J]. A CTA Automatica Sinica, 2003,29(14): 589-598.
[35]杨绍清,贾传荧.基于模糊判决的图像边缘连接[J].光学技术, 2002,3(28): 108-112.
[36]王静,张树生,孙宏伟等.产品层析图像的轮廓序列匹配技术研究[J].计算机研究与发展, 2002,39(9): 1127-1131.
[37]王瑜.面向断层医学图像的三维重建与关键技术研究[D].博士学位论文.合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2009, 26-46.
[38]陈月林,王平江,朱建新等.基于曲率的轮廓精确分段技术[J].华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(6):20-23.
[39]余学军,彭立中.二值图像曲线轮廓提取的新算法[J].中国图像图形学报, 2002,7(3): 272-275.
[40]严素蓉,朱桂林等.一种位图矢量化新方法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2005(14): 85-87.
[41] Kalvin A. Two dimensional model based boundary matching using footprints[J]. Robotics Research, 1986, 5(4): 38-55.
[42]邓小英,周振平,康春涛.一种用于CT片层间轮廓线插值的算法[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2002,20(3): 34-36.
[43]王立功,王世杰,于甬华等.一种改进的基于距离变换的图像目标轮廓插值方法[J].信号处理,2003,19(2): 140-144.
[44]朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000, 88-167.
[45]方逵,张启松,李建平.计算机辅助几何设计[M]石家庄:河北教育出版社1994, 133-145.
[46]孙立镌.计算机图形学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版, 2000, 68-88.
[47] Alan Wan. 3D计算机图形学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 60-70.
[48]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003, 100-500.
[49] Samuel R. Buss. 3D计算机图形学(OpenGL版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007, 211-214.
[50]施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条[M]北京:高等教育出版社, 2001, 126-282.
[51]卢清萍.快速原型制造技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001, 56-102.
[52]王运赣.快速成形技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1999, 68-95.
[53]朱林泉,白培康,朱江淼等.快速成型与快速制造技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2003, 57-125.
[54]樊自田.材料成形装备及自动化[M]北京:机械工业出版社, 2006, 304-310.
[55]张中波.面向快速原型制造的医学断层轮廓图像三维重建研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2004, 26-51.
[2]柯映林.反求工程CAD建模理论、方法和系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 25-68.
[3]王秀峰,罗宏杰.快速原型制造技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2001, 12-30.
[4] Hustad T P, Reviewing current practices in innovation management and a summary of selected of best practices[J], The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development, 1996: 489-511.
[5]神会存.反求工程数据处理与模型重建技术[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社, 2006, 8-36.
[6] Lee K H, Woo H. Use of reverse engineering method for rapid product development. 23rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1998, 35(1):21-24.
[7]庞晓平.基于工业CT断层扫描快速反求技术的研究[D]硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学, 2005, 8-15.
[8]罗朝东.面向有封闭内腔和外形的复杂工件快速原型制造的ICT图像处理及反求工程研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学, 2006, 10-31.
[9]孙玉文,刘伟军. CAD_RP系统间数据模型的转换方法与发展[J].航空精密制造技术, 2001,4(37): 19-22.
[10] Schoene C, Hoffmann J. Reverse engineering based on multi-axis digitized data[J]. International Conferenceon Manufacturing Automation, 1997, (1): 909-914.
[11] Lee K H, Woo H. Direct integration of reverse engineering and rapid Prototyping[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2000, (38): 21-38.
[12]蒋克荣,激光快速成形中三维CAD模型直接切片处理技术的研究[D],硕士学位论文.合肥:合肥工业大学, 2003, 23-30.
[13] Juergen Rilling, Mudur S P. The use of meatballs to visually map source code structures and analysis results onto 3D space[J]. Proceedings of the Ninth Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE.02), 2001.
[14]郑卫国,颜永年,卢清萍等.基于CT图像的快速成形数据建模方法[J].中国机械工程, 2002,10(20): 1734-1737.
[15]桂志国,韩焱.基于工业CT的反求工程中数据建模技术[J]火箭发射与控制学报, 2004,10(1): 29-31.
[16]王红亮,陈树越.反求工程CLI建模中复杂轮廓数据处理方法研究[J].华北工学院学报,2004,25(4): 306-309.
[17]王红亮.面向RE/RP的ICT切片数据的CLI建模技术研究[D].硕士学位论文.太原:华北工学院, 2004, 1-65.
[18]任景英.基于ICT切片图像的反求重构技术研究[J].现代电子技术, 2008,(2): 149-151.
[19]比利时Materialise公司中国官网, http://www.materialise.com.cn/Mimics_01.htm. [EB/OL]
[20]李弼程,彭天强,彭波等.智能图像处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004, 7-78
[21]何斌,马天予,王运坚等. Visual C++数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002, 262-500.
[22]段瑞玲,李庆祥等.图像边缘检测方法研究综述[J].光学技术, 2005,31(3):415-419.
[23]李捷,唐星科,蒋延军.几种边缘检测算法的比较研究[J].信息技术,2007,(9): 106-108
[24] Nicolas J.Dusaussay, Qi Zhicao, Robert N. Image processing for CT-asisted reverse engeering and part characterization[J]. IEEE, 1995: 26-33.
[25]陆宗骐,梁诚.用Sobel算子细化边缘[J].中国图象图形学报, 2000,5(6): 516-520.
[26]杨道普,马秋禾,石磊.边缘检测Prewitt算子的改进算法[J].测绘科学, 2008,10(33): 100-101.
[27]陈宇云.灰度图像的边缘检测研究[D].硕士学位论文.成都:电子科技大学, 2009, 26-48.
[28] John Canny. A computational approach to edge detection[J]. Pattern analysis and machine intellgence, 1986, 8(6):679-698.
[29]孙明竹,赵新,卢桂章.基于Canny边缘检测的半盲图像复原算法[J].高技术通讯, 2008,6(18): 602-608.
[30] Ming Chih Huang, Ching-Chih Tai. The pre-processing of data point for curve fitting in reverse engineering[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2000(16): 635-642.
[31]庞晓平,于今,刘丰林.基于ICT图像矢量化处理的研究[J].机械设计与制造, 2005(2): 46-48.
[32] R.Nevatua. Locating object boundaries in textured environments[J]. IEEE Trans. Comp, 1976, c-25:1170-1180.
[33] Castleman K R.数字图像处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2002, 243-258.
[34] Sun Fengmei, Hu Yu, Hu Zhanyi. A study on t he uncertainties in line extraction from images[J]. A CTA Automatica Sinica, 2003,29(14): 589-598.
[35]杨绍清,贾传荧.基于模糊判决的图像边缘连接[J].光学技术, 2002,3(28): 108-112.
[36]王静,张树生,孙宏伟等.产品层析图像的轮廓序列匹配技术研究[J].计算机研究与发展, 2002,39(9): 1127-1131.
[37]王瑜.面向断层医学图像的三维重建与关键技术研究[D].博士学位论文.合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2009, 26-46.
[38]陈月林,王平江,朱建新等.基于曲率的轮廓精确分段技术[J].华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(6):20-23.
[39]余学军,彭立中.二值图像曲线轮廓提取的新算法[J].中国图像图形学报, 2002,7(3): 272-275.
[40]严素蓉,朱桂林等.一种位图矢量化新方法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2005(14): 85-87.
[41] Kalvin A. Two dimensional model based boundary matching using footprints[J]. Robotics Research, 1986, 5(4): 38-55.
[42]邓小英,周振平,康春涛.一种用于CT片层间轮廓线插值的算法[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2002,20(3): 34-36.
[43]王立功,王世杰,于甬华等.一种改进的基于距离变换的图像目标轮廓插值方法[J].信号处理,2003,19(2): 140-144.
[44]朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000, 88-167.
[45]方逵,张启松,李建平.计算机辅助几何设计[M]石家庄:河北教育出版社1994, 133-145.
[46]孙立镌.计算机图形学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版, 2000, 68-88.
[47] Alan Wan. 3D计算机图形学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 60-70.
[48]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003, 100-500.
[49] Samuel R. Buss. 3D计算机图形学(OpenGL版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007, 211-214.
[50]施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条[M]北京:高等教育出版社, 2001, 126-282.
[51]卢清萍.快速原型制造技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001, 56-102.
[52]王运赣.快速成形技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1999, 68-95.
[53]朱林泉,白培康,朱江淼等.快速成型与快速制造技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2003, 57-125.
[54]樊自田.材料成形装备及自动化[M]北京:机械工业出版社, 2006, 304-310.
[55]张中波.面向快速原型制造的医学断层轮廓图像三维重建研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2004, 26-51.